Spectrophotometric determination of sotalol in tablets

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Colored Product

In this investigation a visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of sotalol based on the absorbance of colored product of the reaction between sotalol hydrochloride and bromcresol purple in acetone medium at 399 nm measurement was developed. The optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of sotalol hydrochloride in the content of pharmaceutical drugs were established. The stoichiometric relationship coefficients between sotalol hydrochloride and bromcresol purple were determined. The validation of the worked out procedure on such validated characteristics as linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness was carried out. The aim. To develop a highly sensitive, easy to use, cost-effective and valid method for quantitative determination of sotalol hydrochloride in dosage forms. The analysis method. Visible spectrophotometry. The analytical parameters such as molar absorptivity, Beer’s law limits and Sandell’s sensitivity values were calculated. The developed methods give the result with repeatability sufficient for dependable determination the investigated substance in pharmaceutical formulations. Accuracy established by analyte addition technique. Determined factors that influence on the absorbance value: reagent quantity and timing stability. Sample solutions stable during 30 min. Addition to sample solution ± 10% bromcresol purple solution is not change the absorbance value. Established that reaction between sotalol hydrochloride and bromcresol purple proceeds in acetone medium at room temperature. Molar absorption coefficient is 2,62∙103.

СПЕКТРОФОТОМЕТРИЧНЕ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ КАРВЕДІЛОЛУ В ТАБЛЕТКАХ

Фармацевтичний часопис ◽

10.11603/2312-0967.2015.3.4928 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Ю. М. Жук ◽

С. О. Васюк ◽

І. С. Верьовкіна

Keyword(s):

Spectrophotometric Determination ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Spectrophotometric Analysis ◽

Pharmaceutical Drugs ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Colored Product ◽

Medical University ◽

Adrenergic Blocking

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF CARVEDILOL IN TABLETSY. Zhuk, S. Vasjuk, I. VerоvkinaZaporozhye State Medical University, ZaporozhyeSummary: in this investigation a visible spectrophotometric method for the determination of carvedilol based on the absorbance of colored product of the reaction between carvedilol and bromcresol purple in acetone medium at 399 nm measurement was developed. The optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of carvedilol in the content of pharmaceutical drugs were established. The validation of the worked out procedure on such validated characteristics as linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness was carried out.Keywords: spectrophotometric analysis, carvedilol, bromcresol purple.Introduction. Carvedilol (1-(9H-carbazol-4-yloxy)-3-[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethylamino]propan-2-2) belongs to a group of medicines called beta-adrenergic blocking agents, that are indicated for the treatment of hypertension angina pectoris and heart failure.Our aim is to develop a simple, accurate and valid method for the spectrophotometric determination of carvedilol.Purposes:<ul><li>establish optimal conditions of the photometric reaction between carvedilol and bromcresol purple;</li><li>develop the method for the determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulations;</li><li>carry out validation of the worked out procedure.</li></ul>Methods of analysis.Object of research: tablets «Corvazan» 25 mg (Arterium), tablets «Coriol» 12,5 mg (KRKA), tablets «Coriol» 25 mg (KRKA).Reagents and Chemicals: standard solution of carvedilol, bromcresol purple, acetone. All reagents and chemicals used were of analytical grade.Instrument: spectrophotometer Specord 200, electronic balance ABT-120-5PM, ultrasonic bath ELMASONIC 60Н.Results and discussion.Linearity. The analytical parameters such as molar absorptivity, Beer’s law limits and Sandell’s sensitivity values were calculated.Precision. The developed methods give the result with repeatability sufficient for dependable determination the investigated substance in pharmaceutical formulations.Accuracy. Accuracy established by analyte addition technique.Robustness. Determined factors that influence on the absorbance value: reagent quantity and timing stability.Sample solutions stable during 30 min.Addition to sample solution ±10 % bromcresol purple solution is not change the absorbance value.Conclusions. Established that reaction between carvedilol and bromcresol purple proceeds in acetone medium at room temperature.Molar absorption coefficient is 2,13·104.Developed the method of spectrophotometric determination of carvedilol in pharmaceutical formulations.Proved that the method is valid on such validated characteristics as linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness.

Spectrophotometric method for the determination of Captopril in pharmaceutical formulations

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.10.3.965-970 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 965-970

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Maximum Absorption ◽

Neutral Medium ◽

Pharmaceutical Tablets ◽

Colored Product ◽

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of captopril in aqueous solution. The method is based on reaction of captopril with 2,3-dichloro 1,4- naphthoquinon(Dichlone) in neutral medium to form a stable yellow colored product which shows maximum absorption at 347 nm with molar absorptivity of 5.6 ×103 L.mole-1. cm-1. The proposed method is applied successfully for determination of captopril in commercial pharmaceutical tablets.

A Simple and Cost-Effective TLC-Densitometric Method for the Quantitative Determination of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Ascorbic Acid in Combined Effervescent Tablets

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23123115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. 3115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Alina Pyka-Pająk ◽

Małgorzata Dołowy ◽

Wioletta Parys ◽

Katarzyna Bober ◽

Grażyna Janikowska

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Quantitative Determination ◽

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Volume Ratio ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Limit Of Quantification

A new, simple, and cost-effective TLC-densitometric method has been established for the simultaneous quantitative determination of acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid in combined effervescent tablets. Separation was performed on aluminum silica gel 60F254 plates using chloroform-ethanol-glacial acid at a volume ratio of 5:4:0.03 as the mobile phase. UV densitometry was performed in absorbance mode at 200 nm and 268 nm for acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid, respectively. The presented method was validated as per ICH guidelines by specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and robustness. Method validations indicate a good sensitivity with a low value of LOD and LOQ of both examined active substances. The linearity range was found to be 1.50–9.00 μg/spot and 1.50–13.50 μg/spot for acetylsalicylic and ascorbic acid, respectively. A coefficient of variation that was less than 3% confirms the satisfactory accuracy and precision of the proposed method. The results of the assay of combined tablet formulation equal 97.1% and 101.6% in relation to the label claim that acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid fulfill pharmacopoeial requirements. The developed TLC-densitometric method can be suitable for the routine simultaneous analysis of acetylsalicylic acid and ascorbic acid in combined pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed TLC-densitometry may be an alternative method to the modern high-performance liquid chromatography in the quality control of above-mentioned substances, and it can be applied when HPLC or GC is not affordable in the laboratory.

Simple Spectrophotometric Determination of Torsemide in Bulk Drug and in Formulations

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/853596 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 473-478 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽

Dannana Gowri Sankar

Keyword(s):

Limit Of Detection ◽

Regression Line ◽

Cost Effective ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Good Precision ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

Bulk Drug

A simple and cost effective spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of torsemide in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the formation of blue colored chromogen when the drug reacts with Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent in alkaline medium. The colored species has an absorption maximum at 760 nm and obeys beer's law in the concentration range 30 – 150 ug mL−1. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of TSM, which is corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient value of 0.9999 (n=8). The apparent molar absorptivity and sandell sensitivity were 1.896×103L mol−1cm−1and 0.183 μg cm−2, respectively. The slope and intercept of the equation of the regression line are 5.4x10−3and 1.00×10−4respectively. The limit of detection was 0.94.The optimum experimental parameters for the reaction have been studied. The validity of the described procedure was assessed. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of TSM in pharmaceutical formulations.

Optimization and Validation of Quantitative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Formulations

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2007/912762 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 397-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Vamsi Krishna ◽

D. Gowri Sankar

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Good Precision ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Colored Product ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Control Application

Three accurate, simple and precise spectrophotometric methods for the determination of alfuzosin hydrochloride in bulk drugs and tablets are developed. The first method is based on the reaction of alfuzosin with ninhydrin reagent inN, N'-dimethylformamide medium (DMF) producing a colored product which absorbs maximally at 575 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration range 12.5-62.5 µg/mL of alfuzosin. The second method is based on the reaction of drug with ascorbic acid in DMF medium resulting in the formation of a colored product, which absorbs maximally at 530 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration 10-50 µg/mL of alfuzosin. The third method is based on the reaction of alfuzosin withp-benzoquinone (PBQ) to form a colored product with λmax at 400 nm. The products of the reaction were stable for 2 h at room temperature. The optimum experimental parameters for the reactions have been studied. The validity of the described procedures was assessed. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision. The proposed methods could be used for the determination of alfuzosin in pharmaceutical formulations. The procedures were rapid, simple and suitable for quality control application.

Application of bromate-bromide mixture as a green brominating agent for the spectrophotometric determination of atenolol in pharmaceuticals

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq110721045p ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nagaraj Prashanth ◽

Kanakapura Basavaiah ◽

Sameer Abdulrahman ◽

Nagaraju Rajendraprasad ◽

Basavaiah Vinay

Keyword(s):

Reference Method ◽

Standard Addition ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Bromination Reaction ◽

Excess Iodide ◽

Good Agreement

Two highly sensitive spectrophotometric methods are proposed for the quantification of atenolol (ATN) in pure drug as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the bromination reaction of ATN with a known excess of bromate-bromide mixture in acid medium followed by the determination of unreacted bromine. The residual bromine is determined by its reaction with excess iodide and the liberated iodine (I3?) is either measured at 360 nm (method A) or reacted with starch followed by the measurement of the starch-iodine chromogen at 570 nm (method B). Under the optimum conditions, ATN could be assayed in the concentration ranges of 0.5-9.0 and 0.3-6.0?g mL-1 for method A and method B, respectively, with corresponding molar absorptivity values of 2.36?104 and 2.89?104 L/mol.cm. Sandell?s sensitivity values are found to be 0.0113 and 0.0092 ?g/cm2 for method A and method B, respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of different commercial brands of pharmaceutical formulations and the results obtained by the proposed methods were in good agreement with those obtained using the reference method. The reliability of the methods was further ascertained by recovery studies using standard- addition method.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Ceftibuten in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical Formulations

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2010/120417 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 551-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. Vijayalakshmi ◽

P. Bhargavi ◽

P. Srujana Kumari ◽

P. Sruthi ◽

M. D. Dhanaraju

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Absorption Maximum ◽

Regression Line ◽

Cost Effective ◽

High Accuracy ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Good Precision ◽

Experimental Parameters

A simple and cost effective spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of ceftibuten in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. The method is based on the formation of blue colored chromogen, when the drug reacts with Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) reagent in alkaline medium. The colored species has an absorption maximum at 798 nm and obeys Beer’s law in the concentration range 10-50 mcg/mL. The apparent molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity were 0.4583x104and 0.3x104respectively. The slope and intercept of the equation of the regression line are 4.5x10-3and 1.3x10-5respectively. The optimum experimental parameters for the reaction have been studied and the validity of the described procedure was assessed. Statistical analysis of the results has been carried out revealing high accuracy and good precision. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of ceftibuten in pharmaceutical formulations.

Development and application of spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of Metronidazole in pure and tablet formulations

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22200/pjpr.2016128-32 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zeeshan Masood ◽

Muhammad Tayyab Ansari ◽

Sharjeel Adnan ◽

Muhammad Asad ◽

Muhammad Farooq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Determination ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Dosage Forms ◽

Nitrite Ion ◽

Colored Complex ◽

Accuracy And Precision ◽

Significant Difference

A rapid, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of metronidazole in pharmaceutical pure and dosage forms. The method depends on alkaline hydrolysis of metronidazole releases the nitro group as nitrite ion and yielded nitrite ions can be used to give a colored complex that absorbs maximally at 505 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 9-100 mg/ml with molar absorptivity of 1.14 ×103 L mole-1 cm-1. The proposed method is precise, accurate and specific for the quantitative determination of drug in bulk and dosage forms. The results of analysis of commercial formulations and the recovery study of metronidazole suggested that there is no interference from any excipients, which are present in pharmaceutical formulations of metronidazole. Statistical comparison of the results was performed with regard to accuracy and precision using student’s t-test and F-ratio at 95% confidence level. There is no significant difference between the reported and proposed methods with regard to accuracy and precision.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DPP-4 INHIBITOR, SITAGLIPTIN, IN ITS PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

Eclética Química Journal ◽

10.26850/1678-4618eqj.v35.3.2010.p45-53 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 45

Author(s):

C. Bala Sekaran ◽

A. Prameela Rani

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Amino Group ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Colored Product ◽

Primary Amino ◽

Development And Validation

A simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of sitagliptin phosphate in bulk and in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed method is based on condensation of the primary amino group of sitagliptin phosphate with acetyl acetone and formaldehyde producing a yellow colored product, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 430nm. The color was stable for about 1 hour. Beer’s law is obeyed over a concentration range of 5-25 μg/ml. The apparent molar absorptivity and Sandell sensitivity values are 1.067 x 104 Lmol-1cm-1 and 0.0471 μgcm-2 respectively. All the variables were studied to optimize the reaction conditions. No interference was observed in the presence of common pharmaceutical excipients. The validity of the method was tested by analyzing sitagliptin phosphate in its pharmaceutical preparations. Good recoveries were obtained. The developed method was successfully employed for the determination of sitagliptin phosphate in various pharmaceutical preparations.

Novel Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Selegiline Hydrochloride in Bulk and Its Pharmaceutical Preparation

ISRN Spectroscopy ◽

10.1155/2014/541970 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kumble Divya ◽

Badiadka Narayana

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽

Coupling Reaction ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Colored Product ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Optimum Reaction Condition

A simple and highly selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of selegiline hydrochloride in bulk and formulations. Method A is based on the oxidation of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone in the presence of ceric ammonium sulphate, followed by its coupling reaction with drug to form a colored product having λmax of 629 nm. Method B is based on the coupling reaction of drug with 4-aminoantipyrine to give a new ligand that reacts with copper(II) to give intense bluish red colored chelate which is measured at 539 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 10.00–85.00 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 0.98×104 for method A and 20.00–120.00 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 0.94×104 for method B. The optimum reaction condition and the analytical parameters are evaluated. The results obtained indicate that the methods are free from interference of the ingredients; thus they are successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations.