scholarly journals Theoretical and practical approaches to the organization of psychopreventive care in early childhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
G.V. Kozlovskaya ◽  
◽  
L.F. Kremneva ◽  
M.A. Kalinina ◽  
M.V. Ivanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Increased Risk

The growing prevalence of diagnosed mental health conditions in children is currently reported. Morbidity structure has changed over the last two decades as autism spectrum disorders including debilitating ones have come to the fore. Epidemiological study outcomes demonstrate an increased risk of mental disorders as compared with good mental health. Psychogenic factors are of crucial importance for the development of certain mental health conditions in children. Among them, the development of mother-child dyad is particularly important. This article reviews fundamental articles by domestic authors and describes in detail the development of optimal psychological component of gestational dominance that prepares a woman for maternity being one of the top priorities of early psychoprophylaxis. Toddlers who are at higher risk for mental disorders are categorized into groups depending on contributing factors, i.e., children with residual cerebral abnormalities due to the organic lesion of the central nervous system, children with manifestations of schizotypic diathesis or other genetic disorders, and deprived children. Major principles of the organization of primary, secondary, and corrective psychopreventive care in children are addressed. Specialized services for early psychopreventive care to support mental health and to reduce the prevalence of mental disorders and the severity of deprivation disorders in children are required. The paper also highlights the need for reopening of psychological medical social centers and harmonizing preschool and school education through the disaggregation of groups and classes. Finally, the authors declare that inclusive education is unreasonable.Keywords: mental disorders, early childhood, risk group, deprivation, schizotypic diathesis, psychoprophylaxis.For citation: Kozlovskaya G.V., Kremneva L.F., Kalinina M.A., Ivanov M.V. Theoretical and practical approaches to the organization of psychopreventive care in early childhood. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2020;3(2):126–131. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2020-3-2-126-131.

Police Violence among Adults Diagnosed with Mental Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Hyun-Jin Jun ◽  
Jordan E DeVylder ◽  
Lisa Fedina
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Violence Exposure ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Police Violence ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Abstract Police violence is reportedly common among those diagnosed with mental disorders characterized by the presence of psychotic symptoms or pronounced emotional lability. Despite the perception that people with mental illness are disproportionately mistreated by the police, there is relatively little empirical research on this topic. A cross-sectional general population survey was administered online in 2017 to 1,000 adults in two eastern U.S. cities to examine the relationship between police violence exposure, mental disorders, and crime involvement. Results from hierarchical logistic regression and mediation analyses revealed that a range of mental health conditions are broadly associated with elevated risk for police violence exposure. Individuals with severe mental illness are more likely than the general population to be physically victimized by police, regardless of their involvement in criminal activities. Most of the excess risk of police violence exposure related to common psychiatric diagnoses was explained by confounding factors including crime involvement. However, crime involvement may necessitate more police contact, but does not necessarily justify victimization or excessive force (particularly sexual and psychological violence). Findings support the need for adequate training for police officers on how to safely interact with people with mental health conditions, particularly severe mental illness.

scholarly journals Exploring the Adult Life of Men and Women With Fragile X Syndrome: Results From a National Survey

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigan L Hartley ◽  
Marsha Mailick Seltzer ◽  
Melissa Raspa ◽  
Murrey Olmstead ◽  
Ellen Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Fragile X Syndrome ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Functional Skills ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Abstract Using data from a national family survey, the authors describe the adult lives (i.e., residence, employment, level of assistance needed with everyday life, friendships, and leisure activities) of 328 adults with the full mutation of the FMR1 gene and identify characteristics related to independence in these domains. Level of functional skills was the strongest predictor of independence in adult life for men, whereas ability to interact appropriately was the strongest predictor for women. Co-occurring mental health conditions influenced independence in adult life for men and women, in particular, autism spectrum disorders for men and affect problems for women. Services for adults with fragile X syndrome should not only target functional skills but interpersonal skills and co-occurring mental health conditions.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of questionnaires and diagnostic measures for autism spectrum disorders in adults: A systematic review

Autism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Wigham ◽  
Jacqui Rodgers ◽  
Tom Berney ◽  
Ann Le Couteur ◽  
Barry Ingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Accurately diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in adulthood can be challenging. Structured questionnaires and diagnostic measures are frequently used to assist case recognition and diagnosis. This study reviewed research evidence on structured questionnaires and diagnostic measures published since the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence evidence update. The Cochrane library, Medline, Embase and PsycINFO were searched. In all, 20 studies met inclusion criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of structured questionnaires were best for individuals with previously confirmed autism spectrum disorder diagnoses and reduced in participants referred for diagnostic assessments, with discrimination of autism spectrum disorder from mental health conditions especially limited. For adults with intellectual disability, diagnostic accuracy increased when a combination of structured questionnaires were used. Evidence suggests some utility of diagnostic measures in identifying autism spectrum disorder among clinic referrals, although specificity for diagnosis was relatively low. In mental health settings, the use of a single structured questionnaire is unlikely to accurately identify adults without autism spectrum disorder or differentiate autism spectrum disorder from mental health conditions. This is important as adults seeking an autism spectrum disorder diagnostic assessment are likely to have co-existing mental health conditions. Robust autism spectrum disorder assessment tools specifically for use in adult diagnostic health services in the presence of co-occurring mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders are a research priority.

scholarly journals Digital Therapeutics Hold a Promising Prospect in the Healthcare Sector – Explore How

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-02
Author(s):  
Ashish Gujrathi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

The treatments of several diseases are evolving continuously towards a digital future indeed. Digital therapeutics use digital technologies to prevent, manage, or cure physical and mental health conditions. In the past ten years, the outcomes from digital therapeutics in a broad range of symptoms, such as cancer, ADHD, asthma, mental disorders, and insomnia have improved to a great extent, thereby making it more popular around the world.

COVID-19 risk: Adult Medicaid beneficiaries with autism, intellectual disability, and mental health conditions

Autism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 136236132110396
Author(s):  
Whitney Schott ◽  
Sha Tao ◽  
Lindsay Shea
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Residential Facility ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Autistic Adults

Adults on the autism spectrum and those with intellectual disability or mental health conditions may be at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 or experiencing more severe illness if infected. We identified risk factors for COVID-19 among adults enrolled in Medicaid with an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, intellectual disability, or mental health conditions. We examined adults ages 20–64 years with 9-month continuous enrollment over 2008–2012 using Medicaid Analytic eXtract data. There were 83,150 autistic adults and 615,607 adults with intellectual disability meeting inclusion criteria; of a random sample of 1 million beneficiaries without autism spectrum disorder or intellectual disability, 35.3% had any mental health condition. Beneficiaries on the spectrum, those with intellectual disability, and those with mental health conditions all had higher odds of risk factors for becoming infected with COVID-19 (living in a residential facility, receiving services in the home from outside caregivers, having had a long hospitalization, and having had avoidable hospitalizations) and higher odds of comorbidities associated with severe illness from COVID-19. Clinicians should anticipate high prevalence of comorbidities and risk factors for severe illness from COVID-19 among these populations. Health officials and non-governmental organizations should target these groups with outreach for the COVID-19 vaccine and support continued efforts for appropriate mitigation measures. Lay abstract Autistic adults, adults with intellectual disability, and adults with other mental health conditions may have higher risk of contracting COVID-19 or experiencing more severe illness from COVID-19 if infected. We used data from Medicaid to look at whether autistic adults and other adults with intellectual disability and other mental health conditions were more likely to have risk factors for COVID-19, such as living in a residential facility, receiving services regularly in the home from outside caregivers, having had a long hospitalization, having had avoidable hospitalizations, and having high-risk health conditions. We found that autistic adults had higher odds of living in a residential facility, receiving in-home services from outside caregivers, having had an avoidable hospitalization, and having a high-risk health condition, compared to neurotypical adults without mental health conditions. Adults with intellectual disability had similar odds of having these conditions. Adults with other mental health conditions were also more likely to live in a residential facility, receive services from outside caregivers, and have had avoidable hospitalizations compared to the neurotypical population without mental health conditions. They had three times higher odds of having a high-risk health condition. High risk of COVID-19 among autistic adults and adults with intellectual disability and mental health conditions should be recognized by clinicians, and these groups should be prioritized for vaccine outreach.

Development of Evidence-Based Rehabilitation Practice in Botanical Garden for People With Mental Health Disorders

2021 ◽  
pp. 193758672110079
Author(s):  
Maja Vujcic Trkulja ◽  
Jelena Tomicevic-Dubljevic ◽  
Dusica Lecic Tosevski ◽  
Olivera Vukovic ◽  
Oliver Toskovic
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Conditions

Aim: This article aims to make clearer, with supporting evidence, the clinical benefits of the nature-based rehabilitation program (NBRP) and the restorative values of visiting botanical garden for people with stress-related mental disorders. Background: Throughout the years, nature-based therapy has been acknowledged as a valuable rehabilitation practice that integrates specially designed natural environments and nature-related activities for people with mental health conditions. Subject and Methods: The comparative analyses of parallel conducted the NBRP at botanical garden and occupational therapy realised at the Day Hospital of the Institute of Mental Health in Belgrade included 27 participants divided into two groups. The data collection employed a mixed method combining a Clinical Global Impression (CGI) Scale and on-site observations. Results: The positive findings on the psychological recovery of the participants seem to be related to NBRP. The restorative potential of the garden was recognized through the observed interaction between participants and the natural entities employed through the various themed activities. The observed landscape elements especially solitary plant specimens or tall and single-form trees within the garden can be embraced as design guidelines for the development of an evidence-based practice that can support the recovery process of people with mental health conditions. Conclusion: Our findings endorse that ongoing social development and progressive urbanization have broadened the interest in scientific research involving nature-based solutions that help preserve the physical and mental health of people in low- and middle-income Western Balkan countries with a high prevalence of mental disorders in the urban environment that relates to social inequalities and natural disasters.

scholarly journals Eight-Year Retrospective Study of Young Adults in a Diabetes Transition Clinic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aarooran Sritharan ◽  
Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu ◽  
Manjula Ratnaweera ◽  
David Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Transition Clinic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After

The transition of people from paediatric to adult diabetes services is associated with worsening glycaemia and increased diabetes-related hospitalisation. This study compared the clinical characteristics of those with and without mental health conditions among attenders at a diabetes young adult clinic diabetes before and after changes in service delivery. Retrospective review of 200 people with diabetes attending a Sydney public hospital over eight years corresponding to the period before (2012-2016) and after (2017-2018) restructuring of a clinic for young adults aged 16-25 years. Characteristics of those with and without mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, diabetes related distress, eating disorders), were compared. Among clinic attenders (type 1 diabetes n=184, 83.2%), 40.5% (n=89) had a mental health condition particularly, depression (n=57, 64%), which was higher among Indigenous than non-Indigenous people (5.6% vs 0.8% p=0.031) but similar between diabetes type. Over eight years, those with, compared with those without a mental health condition had higher HbA1c at the last visit (9.4%[79 mmol/mol] vs 8.7% [71 mmol/mol], p=0.027), the proportion with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA 60.7% vs 42.7%,p=0.009), smoking (38.4 vs 13.6%,p=0.009), retinopathy (9.0 vs 2.3%,p=0.025), multiple DKAs (28.4 vs 16.0%,p=0.031) were significantly higher. Having a mental health condition was associated with 2.02 (95% Confidence intervals 1.1-3.7) fold increased risk of HbA1c ≥ 9.0%[75mmol/mol]. Changes to the clinic were not associated with improvements in mental health condition (39.0% vs 32.4%, p=0.096). In conclusion, we found that mental health conditions, particularly depression, are common in this population and are associated with diabetes complications. Diabetes type and clinic changes did not affect the reported mental health conditions. Additional strategies are required to reduce complication risks among those with mental health conditions. .

scholarly journals Eight-Year Retrospective Study of Young Adults in a Diabetes Transition Clinic

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12667
Author(s):  
Aarooran Sritharan ◽  
Uchechukwu L. Osuagwu ◽  
Manjula Ratnaweera ◽  
David Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Haemoglobin A1c ◽  
Mental Health Condition ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Transition Clinic ◽  
Increased Risk

The transition of people from paediatric to adult diabetes services is associated with worsening glycaemia and increased diabetes-related hospitalisation. This study compared the clinical characteristics of those with and without mental health conditions among attenders at a diabetes young adult clinic diabetes before and after changes in service delivery. Retrospective audit of 200 people with diabetes attending a Sydney public hospital over eight years corresponding to the period before (2012–2016) and after (2017–2018) restructuring of a clinic for young adults aged 16–25 years. Characteristics of those with and without mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, diabetes related distress, eating disorders), were compared. Among clinic attenders (type 1 diabetes n = 184, 83.2%), 40.5% (n = 89) had a mental health condition particularly, depression (n = 57, 64%), which was higher among Indigenous than non-Indigenous people (5.6% vs. 0.8%, p = 0.031) but similar between diabetes type. Over eight years, those with, compared with those without a mental health condition had higher haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) at the last visit (9.4% (79 mmol/mol) vs. 8.7% (71 mmol/mol), p = 0.027), the proportion with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA 60.7% vs. 42.7%, p = 0.009), smoking (38.4 vs. 13.6%, p = 0.009), retinopathy (9.0 vs. 2.3%, p = 0.025), multiple DKAs (28.4 vs. 16.0%, p = 0.031) were significantly higher. Having a mental health condition was associated with 2.02 (95% confidence intervals 1.1–3.7) fold increased risk of HbA1c ≥9.0% (75 mmol/mol). Changes to the clinic were not associated with improvements in mental health condition (39.0% vs. 32.4%, p = 0.096). In conclusion, we found that mental health conditions, particularly depression, are common in this population and are associated with diabetes complications. Diabetes type and clinic changes did not affect the reported mental health conditions. Additional strategies including having an in-house psychologist are required to reduce complication risks among those with mental health conditions.

scholarly journals Ageing on the autism spectrum: A 4-year follow-up study of mental health and quality of life in autistic adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr Amanda Roestorf ◽  
Patricia Howlin ◽  
Dermot M. Bowler
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Mental Health Conditions ◽  
Autistic Adults

Background: Poor mental health is known to adversely affect functional abilities, social isolation and quality of life (QoL). It is, therefore, crucial to consider the long-term impacts of mental health conditions as autistic adults grow older. Objectives: Our objectives were to understand the extent of: (i) autistic traits, co-occurring physical and mental health conditions; (ii) age-related differences in those conditions; and (iii) their impact on everyday living and QoL. Method: Fifty-two autistic adults (aged 18-79 years) participated in the first study (T1); 28 took part in a follow-up at T2 (mean retest interval 2.5 years). Standardised self-report measures of autistic traits, mental health and QoL were completed at both time points. Results: Over half of autistic adults experienced at least one co-occurring condition, and over a third met the criteria for 3+ conditions. Depression symptoms were particularly high in autistic women. Mental and physical health problems were related to autistic traits, difficulties in everyday life, and were a strong and consistent predictor of poor QoL (T1; T2) across the lifespan. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted that mental health difficulties persisted into older age and did not reduce over time. Together, these findings raise important questions about mental health provision in adult autism.

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