scholarly journals Nottingham Grade 3

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Grade 3 ◽  
Nottingham Grade

Tumor biologic characteristics and clinical outcomes in geriatric patients with breast cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21526-e21526
Author(s):  
Sukesh Manthri ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal ◽  
Kathy Robinson ◽  
Robert S. Mocharnuk ◽  
Meghna R. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Nodal Involvement ◽  
Tumor Histology ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Nottingham Grade ◽  
The Impact

e21526 Background: The probability of dying from breast cancer increases from 0.2% to 2% annually for women once they reach 70 years of age. However there is limited age-related information available about tumor biologic characteristics (TBCs) and clinical outcomes among elderly patients (pts). The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of TBCs on clinical outcomes in a single institution's geriatric breast cancer pts. Methods: An institutional database of a total of 269 patients with histologically confirmed invasive or in-situ breast cancer with age 65 years or older at the time of diagnosis was reviewed in an IRB approved fashion. Tumors were assessed for Nottingham grade, stage, ER/PR status, HER-2 status, tumor histology, lymphovascular invasion and nodal status. Kaplan-Meyer and Cox proportional hazards methods were used to calculate overall survival (OS). Results: Breast cancer was seen equally in both breasts: left n = 130 (48.3%), right n = 132 (49.1%). Most tumors were located in the upper outer quadrant (n = 122, 45.35%). TNM clinical stage Tlc was identified in 79 pts (29.36%), Tlb in 55 pts (20.44%), T2 in 54 pts (20.07%) and no nodal involvement in 146 pts (54.27%). Nottingham Grade 2 (n = 120, 44.60%) and invasive ductal carcinomas (n = 152, 56.50%) were diagnosed most often. Tumors were more frequently ER+ (n = 237, 88.10%), PR+ (n = 210, 78.06%), and HER2-negative (n = 219, 81.41%). There was no statistically significant increase in OS based on location of tumor (P = 0.9796) and tumor histology (invasive ductal vs invasive lobular cancers, P = 0.1143). Node negative breast cancers were associated with increased OS (P = 0.0014). Grade 2 tumors were associated with increased OS compared to Grade 3 tumors (P = 0.0112). ER+ and PR-negative tumors were associated with decreased OS in both short term and long term follow up (P = 0.0083 & P = 0.0254). Conclusions: In pts 65 years of age or older with newly diagnosed breast cancer, lack of nodal involvement is associated with increased OS. Prognosis for ER+ and PR-negative tumors is worse compared to ER+ and PR+ tumors. Nottingham Grade 2 tumors have better OS compared to Grade 3 tumors. Location of tumor and tumor histology are not associated with increased OS.

scholarly journals Understanding risk factors in grade 3 breast cancer in NZ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharita Meharry ◽  
Reena Ramsaroop ◽  
Robert Borotkanics ◽  
Fabrice Merien
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Nottingham Grade ◽  
Survival Differences

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer in New Zealand women, accounting for approximately 3000 new registrations per year, affecting one in nine women and resulting in more than 600 deaths annually. This study analysed data of patients selected with prognostic factor of Nottingham grade 3 tumours over a specified five- year period. These represent a heterogeneous group of cancers with variable survival rates. Method All women diagnosed with Nottingham grade 3 invasive breast cancer between 1 st January 2011 to 31 st December 2015, from four Breast Cancer Registries in New Zealand (Auckland, Waikato, Christchurch, and Wellington) were studied. Results Applying Fine-Gray analyses, the study of 2,493 women found that subjects in the older age group (>70 years) had a higher five-year mortality risk (SHR: 1.74 to 2.25, p: 0.053 to <0.001). Analysis of hormonal receptors showed that tumours with hormonal profile ER-positive, PR negative and ER-negative, PR negative subjects were at increased mortality risk (SHR: 3.56, p: <0.001) and (SHR: 2.67, p: <0.001) respectively. Molecular subtypes TNBC and Luminal B subjects were at increased risk of five-year mortality (SHR: 3.01 and 3.35 respectively, both p: <0.001). HER2 enriched subjects, were at elevated risk (SHR: 1.66, p: 0.11). Women identifying as NZ European ethnicity were at elevated risk of mortality overall (SHR: 1.70, p: 0.11), and they presented with the highest CIF across ethnicities. The NZ Europeans represented the largest proportion of HER2 enriched and TNBC subjects; however, Pacific Islanders experienced the highest HER2 CIF. Conclusion The survival rates for grade 3 breast cancer vary across the selected prognostic factors and ethnicity. Although grade 3 breast cancer is considered as high grade heterogeneous cancer, this study showed that not every patient has a poor outcome. NZ Europeans are worst affected followed by Pacific Islanders. Biology of the cancer and ethnicity needs to be looked at as a possible factor associated with this disease for survival differences. The results of this study make an initial contribution to the understanding of high-grade malignancy and other prognostic factors must be included in order to get a better understanding of survival differences.

Reading Longer Words: Insights Into Multisyllabic Word Reading

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Heggie ◽  
Lesly Wade-Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Reading Difficulties ◽  
Instructional Programs ◽  
Morphological Knowledge ◽  
Morphological Complexity ◽  
Reading Accuracy ◽  
Grade 3

Students with persistent reading difficulties are often especially challenged by multisyllabic words; they tend to have neither a systematic approach for reading these words nor the confidence to persevere (Archer, Gleason, & Vachon, 2003; Carlisle & Katz, 2006; Moats, 1998). This challenge is magnified by the fact that the vast majority of English words are multisyllabic and constitute an increasingly large proportion of the words in elementary school texts beginning as early as grade 3 (Hiebert, Martin, & Menon, 2005; Kerns et al., 2016). Multisyllabic words are more difficult to read simply because they are long, posing challenges for working memory capacity. In addition, syllable boundaries, word stress, vowel pronunciation ambiguities, less predictable grapheme-phoneme correspondences, and morphological complexity all contribute to long words' difficulty. Research suggests that explicit instruction in both syllabification and morphological knowledge improve poor readers' multisyllabic word reading accuracy; several examples of instructional programs involving one or both of these elements are provided.

Positive correlation between neovascularization degree of carotid atherosclerosis determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and level of serum C-reactive protein

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 0187-0194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoni Chang ◽  
Jun Feng ◽  
Litao Ruan ◽  
Jing Shang ◽  
Yanqiu Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Axis View

Background: Neovascularization is one of the most important risk factors for unstable plaque. This study was designed to correlate plaque thickness, artery stenosis and levels of serum C-reactive protein with the degree of intraplaque enhancement determined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Patients and methods: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed on 72 carotid atherosclerotic plaques in 48 patients. Contrast enhancement within the plaque was categorized as grade 1, 2 or 3. Maximum plaque thickness was measured in short-axis view. Carotid artery stenosis was categorized as mild, moderate or severe. Results: Plaque contrast enhancement was not associated with the degree of artery stenosis or with plaque thickness. Serum C-reactive protein levels were positively correlated with the number of new vessels in the plaque. C-reactive protein levels increased in the three groups(Grade 1: 3.72±1.79mg/L; Grade 2: 7.88±4.24 mg/L; Grade 3: 11.02±3.52 mg/L), with significant differences among them (F=10.14, P<0.01), and significant differences between each two groups (P<0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that serum C-reactive protein levels were positively correlated with the degree of carotid plaque enhancement (Rs =0.69, P<0.01). Conclusions: The combination of C-reactive protein levels and intraplaque neovascularization detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasound may allow more accurate evaluation of plaque stability.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DALAM MENYUSUN RENCANA PELAKSANAAN PEMBELAJARAN (RPP) MELALUI SUPERVISI KLINIS DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI 001 PANIPAHAN KABUPATEN ROKAN HILIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Iskandar Iskandar
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Teacher Competence ◽  
Learning Tools ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Planning Implementation ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Rating Category ◽  
Good Rating

This school action research (PTS) aims to improve teachers' ability in making RPP through clinical supervision.This research is conducted in four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation and reflection, anddone in two cycles. The first cycle of researchers directly observed the increase in teacher competence in makingRPP. Results from the observation of the overall teacher's RPP assessment in cycle I showed a mean score of72,1% with good rating category. In cycle II the average value of teachers in making RPP is 86% with thecategory of assessment is very good. The improvement of teacher's RPP assessment per cycle also increased, ieclass I, II, IV, and V teachers showed an increase in scoring score of two points or 16,7 ,. while grade 3 andgrade 6 teachers showed an increase of one point or 8,4%. This proves that the implementation of clinicalsupervision can improve the competence of teachers in the preparation of learning tools.

Hogyan befolyásolják a posztoperatív komplikációk a késői recidívák és a távoli metastasisok kialakulását colorectalis carcinomák elektív, kuratív resectióját követően?

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Zsoldos ◽  
László Hegedüs ◽  
Ákos Issekutz ◽  
Attila Oláh
Keyword(s):  
R0 Resection ◽  
Grade 3

Absztrakt Célkitűzések: Irodalmi adatok alapján a súlyos posztoperatív komplikációkat követően feltételezhetően gyakrabban alakul ki lokális recidíva, illetve távoli metastasis. Ezt saját beteganyagunk vizsgálatával szerettük volna igazolni. Módszerek: 2000. január 1. és 2004. december 31. között 332 betegnél végeztünk elektív, kuratív resectiót colorectalis carcinoma miatt. A posztoperatív szövődményeket a módosított Clavien-beosztás szerint osztályoztuk. A műtétet követően 30 napon belül fellépő szövődményeket rendszereztük. A szövődmények összesítésében minden szövődményt feldolgoztunk, betegenként pedig mindig a legsúlyosabb szövődményt vettük figyelembe. Az utánkövetési időszak 2009. december 31-ig terjedt. A vizsgált tényezőket egy-, illetve többváltozós rendszerben, statisztikai próbákkal elemeztük. Eredmények: A betegek átlagéletkora 64 év volt, 56%-uk (187 beteg) férfi volt. Műtét előtt 84 beteg (25,3%) részesült onkológiai kezelésben. A vizsgálatba csak R0 resectión átesett betegeket választottunk be. 182 beteg esetében (56,3%) szövődménymentes volt a műtét utáni időszak. A mortalitás 3,3% volt. Grade 4-es szövődmény 5 betegnél (1,5%), Grade 3-as 26 betegnél (8%), Grade 2-es 83 betegnél (25,8%), Grade 1-es 25 betegnél (7,7%) jelentkezett. Az utánkövetési idő alatt 75 betegnél (23,3%) alakult ki lokális recidíva és/vagy távoli metastasis. A tumor gradusa (p = 0,008), a daganat stádiuma (p = 0,0001), és a szövettani vizsgálat során észlelt ér-, illetve nyirokérbetörés (p = 0,0001) egyértelműen hajlamosít későbbi lokális recidíva és/vagy metastasis kialakulására. Grade 3-as szövődményeket követően gyakrabban alakul ki recidíva (p = 0,0039), és magasabb a tumorspecifikus halálozás aránya is (p = 0,05). Konklúziók: Elektív, kuratív colorectalis carcinomák resectióját követően jelentkező Grade 3-as típusú szövődmények esetében gyakrabban lehet recidíva és/vagy távoli metastasis kialakulására számítani, magasabb a tumorspecifikus halálozás is. A posztoperatív szövődmények nem csupán a közvetlen műtéti időszakban jelentenek veszélyt a beteg számára, de onkológiai hatásuk révén a hosszú távú túlélés esélyét is jelentősen rontják.

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