scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Poland in 2017

2019 ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Korzeniewska- Koseła
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

AIM OF THE STUDY. To evaluate the main features of TB epidemiology in 2017 in Poland and to compare with the situation in the EU/EEA countries. METHODS. Analysis of case- based data on TB patients from National TB Register, data on anti-TB drug susceptibility testing results in cases notified in 2017, data from National Institute of Public Health- National Institute of Hygiene on cases of tuberculosis as AIDS-defining disease, data from Central Statistical Office on deaths from tuberculosis based on death certificates, data from ECDC report „European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO Regional Office for Europe. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2019-2017 data. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2019”. RESULTS. In 2017, 5 787 TB cases were reported in Poland. The incidence rate was 15.1 cases per 100 000, with large variability between voivodeships from 8.9 to 21.9 per 100 000. The mean annual decrease of TB incidence in 2013-2017 was 4.2%. In 2017, 5127 cases were newly diagnosed with no history of previous treatment i.e. 13.3 per 100 000. 660 cases i.e. 1.7 per 100 000 – 11.4% of all registered subjects were previously treated for tuberculosis. In 2017, the number of all pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 5 531 i.e. 14.4 per 100 000. Pulmonary cases represented 95.6% of all TB cases. In 2017, 256 extrapulmonary TB cases were found. In the whole country there were 68 pediatric cases of tuberculosis. TB in children represented 1.2% of all cases notified in Poland in 2017. The incidence rates of tuberculosis were growing along with the age group from 1.2 per 100 000 among children to 25.6 per 100 000 among subjects in the age group 45-64 years (the highest incidence rate). In 2017, the incidence rate in the age group ≥65 years was 22.6 per 100 000. The TB incidence among men i.e. 22.2 per 100.000 was 2.4 times higher than among women i.e. 8,4 per 100 000. The biggest difference in the TB incidence between the two sex groups occurred in persons aged 45 to 49 years – 36.1 vs. 8.1 and in age group 55- 59 years – 45.2 vs. 10.7. The TB incidence in rural population was lower than in urban, respectively 14.2 per 100.000 and 15.6 per 100 000. The number of all registered culture positive TB cases was 4 179. Pulmonary tuberculosis was bacteriologically confirmed in 4 057 subjects. Culture-confirmed cases represented 72.2% of all TB cases and 73.4% of all pulmonary TB cases. The number of smear-positive pulmonary TB cases reported in 2017 was 2 472 i.e. 6.4 per 100 000 accounting for 44.7% of all pulmonary TB cases and 60.9% of culture confirmed pulmonary TB cases.. TB was AIDS indicative disease in 16 subjects. In all patients with tuberculosis in Poland in 2017 there were 44 cases with MDR-TB (among them 12 foreigners) and 85 patients with resistance to isoniazid only, representing respectively 1.2% and 2.2% of cases with known DST results (DSTs were available in 90.5% of all cultureconfirmed TB cases). In 2017, there were 108 patients of foreign origin among all cases of tuberculosis in Poland. TUBERCULOSIS MORTALITY. There were 543 deaths due to tuberculosis reported in 2016 – 1.4 per 100 000; 526 people died from pulmonary and 17 from extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Mortality among males – 2.2 per 100 000 – was 3.7 X higher than among females – 0.6. 37.9% of all TB deaths were cases 65 years old and older – 3.3 per 100 000. In 2016, there was one death from tuberculosis in children and no deaths in adolescents. In 2016, tuberculosis represented 0.14% of total mortality in Poland and 28.1% of mortality from infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS. In 2017, the incidence of tuberculosis in Poland was lower than in 2016. Despite a continuous decline it is still higher than the average in the EU/EEA countries. The highest incidence rates were observed in older age groups. The incidence in males was more than 2 times higher than in females. The impact of migration on the characteristics of tuberculosis in Poland is not substantial. In Poland, tuberculosis in children, tuberculosis in persons infected with HIV and MDR-TB is less common than the average in the EU/EEA countries.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in Poland in 2018

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Maria Korzeniewska-Koseła
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Eu

AIM OF THE STUDY. To evaluate the main features of tuberculosis (TB) epidemiology in 2018 in Poland and to compare with the situation in the EU/EEA countries. METHODS. Analysis of case- based data on TB patients from National TB Register, data on anti-TB drug susceptibility testing results in cases notified in 2018, data from National Institute of Public Health- National Institute of Hygiene on HIV-positive subjects for whom TB was an AIDS-defining disease, data from Central Statistical Office on deaths from tuberculosis based on death certificates, data from the report „ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control/WHO Regional Office for Europe. Tuberculosis surveillance and monitoring in Europe 2020- 2018 data. Stockholm: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, 2020”. RESULTS. In 2018, 5487 TB cases were reported in Poland. The incidence rate was 14.3 cases per 100000, with large variability between voivodeships from 7.3 to 23.4 per 100 000. The mean annual decrease of TB incidence in 2014- 2018 was 3.8%. In 2018, 4852 cases were newly diagnosed with no history of previous treatment i.e. 12.6 per 100 000. 635 cases i.e. 1.7 per 100 000 – 11.6% of all registered subjects were previously treated for tuberculosis. In 2018, the number of all pulmonary tuberculosis cases was 5224 i.e. 13.7 per 100000. Pulmonary cases represented 95.2% of all TB cases. In 2018, 243 extrapulmonary TB cases were found i.e. 0.6 per 100 000. In the whole country there were 52 pediatric cases of tuberculosis. TB in children represented 0.9% of all cases notified in Poland in 2018. The incidence rates of tuberculosis were growing along with the age group from 0.9 per 100 000 among children to 24.7 per 100 000 among subjects in the age group 45-64 years (the highest incidence rate). In 2018, the incidence rate in the age group ≥65 years was 21.3 per 100 000. The TB incidence among men i.e. 21.0 per 100 000 was 2.6 times higher than among women i.e. 8.0 per 100 000. The biggest difference in the TB incidence between the two sex groups occurred in persons aged 55 to 59 years – 44.9 vs. 9.8 and in age group 60- 64 years – 43.7 vs. 10.2. The TB incidence in rural population was lower than in urban, respectively 13.4 per 100 000 and 14.9 per 100 000. The number of all registered culture positive TB cases was 4075. Pulmonary tuberculosis was bacteriologically confirmed in 3935 subjects. Cases confirmed by culture represented 74.3% of all TB cases and 75.3% of all pulmonary TB cases. The number of smear-positive pulmonary TB cases reported in 2018 was 2324 i.e. 6.1 per 100 000 accounting for 44.3% of all pulmonary TB cases and 59.1% of pulmonary TB cases confirmed by culture. In all patients with tuberculosis in Poland in 2018 there were 48 cases with MDR-TB (among them 14 foreigners) and 83 patients with resistance to isoniazid only, representing respectively 1.3% and 2.2% of cases with known DST results (DSTs were available in 90.7% of all culture-confirmed TB cases). In 2018, there were 97 patients of foreign origin among all cases of tuberculosis in Poland. TB was AIDS-indicative disease in 14 subjects with HIV co-infection. There were 490 deaths due to tuberculosis reported in 2017 – 1.3 per 100 000; 468 people died from pulmonary and 22 from extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Mortality among males – 2.1 per 100 000 – was 3.6 X higher than among females – 0.5. 40.2% of all TB deaths were cases 65 years old and older – 3.1 per 100 000. In 2017, there was no death from tuberculosis in children and no deaths in adolescents. In 2017, tuberculosis represented 0.1% of total mortality in Poland and 25.4% of mortality from infectious and parasitic diseases. CONCLUSIONS. In 2018, the incidence of tuberculosis in Poland was lower than in 2017. Despite a continuous decline it is still higher than the average in the EU/EEA countries. The highest incidence rates were observed in older age groups. The participation of pediatric cases is smaller than average in the EU/EEA countries. The incidence in males was more than 2 times higher than in females. The impact of migration on the characteristics of tuberculosis in Poland is not substantial. In Poland, MDR-TB is less common than the average in the EU/EEA countries.

Recent epidemiological trends in extrapulmonary TB in Galicia, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-381
Author(s):  
L. Ferreiro ◽  
A. Ruano-Raviña ◽  
R. Otero-Mallo ◽  
C. Pou-Álvarez ◽  
V. Riveiro-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological trends and characteristics of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in Galicia, Spain, from 2000 to 2019.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data from the Galician TB information system.RESULTS: Of the total number of TB cases (n = 15,871), 5,428 (34.2%) had EPTB. The absolute number of cases and incidence of EPTB decreased dramatically (from 480 cases and 17.8 cases/100,000 in 2000, to 172 and 6.4 cases/100,000 in 2019, respectively), with a mean annual decrease of respectively 64% and 4.7% for absolute cases and incidence rates. The risk for EPTB was higher in men than in women (RR 3.86, 95% CI 3.66–4.07). The most frequent age group was 15–44 years (2,234 patients, 41.2%); overall reductions per age group were 82% (0–14 years), 75% (15–44 years), 44% (45–64 years) and 63% (≥65 years), with statistically significant differences. The most frequently locations were the pleura (1,916 cases; 35.3%) and the lymph nodes (1,504; 27.7%).CONCLUSION: The incidence of EPTB in Galicia has decreased significantly in the last 20 years. The epidemiological characteristics have not changed, except for the number of patients with risk factors. This improvement of EPTB epidemiological trends coincides with the implementation of the programme for the prevention and control of TB, which suggests that it has been very effective in the control of the EPTB.

scholarly journals Non-melanoma skin cancer in Serbia (1999-2015) -the need for national prevention and control strategy

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160
Author(s):  
Danijela Ilic ◽  
Goran Videnovic ◽  
Ruzica Kozomara ◽  
Sonja Radakovic ◽  
Zoran Vlahovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Non Melanoma Skin Cancer ◽  
National Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Background/Aim. Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are ones of the most rapidly increasing cancers worldwide. Although NMSCs have a relatively low mortality rate, they are an important public health concern and the most costly cancers in many countries. The two main objectives in this study were: first, to analyze the trend of age-standardized incidence rate of NMSCs in Serbia and second, to assess the need for national prevention and control strategy based on analyzed trend. Methods. From the Serbian Cancer Registry, we extracted all cases of NMSCs registered in central Serbia from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2015. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to define trends and annual percentage change (APC). Results. NMSCs significantly increased for both genders with APC of +2.32% (p < 0.001). Significantly increasing trend of incidence rates was higher in women (APC, +2.63%; p < 0.0001) than in men (APC, +2.01%; p < 0.001). Conclusion. Our results show a continuously increasing incidence rate of NMCS in Serbia. Without the national preventive strategy, current sporadic activities are highly unlikely to result in reducing the growing trends

scholarly journals Relationship between Toll-Like Receptor 8 Gene Polymorphisms and Pediatric Pulmonary Tuberculosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazan Dalgic ◽  
Deniz Tekin ◽  
Zeliha Kayaalti ◽  
Erkan Cakir ◽  
Tulin Soylemezoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Pediatric Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculosis In Children ◽  
And Control

Objectives:Genetic variants in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are considered a potential indicator for host susceptibility to and outcome of several infectious diseases including tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether −129 C/G and Met1Val polymorphisms of TLR8 were associated with pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis in Turkish population.Methods:The −129 C/G and Met1Val polymorphisms were studied in 124 children with pulmonary tuberculosis compared to 150 age-matched healthy control subjects.Results:We did not identify any statistically significant differences between the patients with TB and control groups with regard to the frequency of genotypes GG or G/(−), CG, and CC or C/(−); and alleles G and C at rs3764879 (p> 0.05). We found a strong association with genotype A/(−) at rs3764880 with susceptibility to pulmonary TB in males (OR 2.87, 95%CI 1.38–5.98,p= 0.007).Conclusions:Our results provide evidence, for the first time, of a role for the TLR8 gene in susceptibility to pulmonary TB in male children. Additional research to verify our results are necessary. Tuberculosis in children presents particularly difficult challenges, but research priorities and advances in pediatric tuberculosis could provide wider insights and opportunities for tuberculosis control.

scholarly journals Assessment of Two Years’ Sputum Smear Results among Tuberculosis Suspected Patients in Gambella Regional Hospital, Western Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mistire Wolde ◽  
Alemayehu Fereja
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Regional Hospital ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
And Control ◽  
Western Ethiopia

Background. Determining burden of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTb) may be associated with success of directly observed theraphy (DOT) services in high PTb areas, such as Gambella, Ethiopia. Objective. To assess burden of sputum smear positive SSP-PTb reports in Gambella Regional Hospital, in two consecutive years: mid 2013 to 2015. Methods. From March 2013 to February 2015, PTb suspected patients’ sputum Acid Fast Bacilli test results were collected from laboratory registration book of Gambella Regional Hospital, western Ethiopia. Results. Of the total 3064 results, the proportions of males and individuals whose age is between 16 and 25 years were 1823 (59.5%) and 1046 (34.1%), respectively. Majority of samples were coming from newly PTb suspected patients (2587, or 84.4%); and of them, SSP-PTb cases were 9.9%. The overall SSP-PTb cases decreased by 2.1% in March 2014 to February 2015 as compared to March 2013 to Feburary 2014. Meanwhile, AFB smear negative cases were significantly associated with being male [1.384 (1.064–1.801)] and being of age group 16–25 years [1.517 (1.007–2.287)]. Conclusion. In Gambella region, although the distribution of AFB smear results had no significant yearly variations and the overall burden of SSP cases was decreased, still a lot of work needs to be undertaken on the PTb prevention and control program.

Human anthrax in Turkey: A ten years’ experience (2009–2018)

2020 ◽  
pp. 004947552096954
Author(s):  
Seher Topluoglu ◽  
Dilber Aktas ◽  
Bekir Celebi ◽  
Fatih Kara ◽  
Mehmet Doganay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Age Group ◽  
National Surveillance ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Collaborative Control ◽  
And Control

Anthrax is a notifiable disease in Turkey. In order to control the human disease, animal foci are being monitored and prevention and control activities are being implemented by the Ministry of Health in coordination with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The objective of our study was to evaluate the national surveillance data and control activities in the last decade. A total of 1174 anthrax cases and 9 deaths have been reported. Anthrax was frequent in eastern provinces and in big cities where large animal movements were significant. The incidence rate was 1.5 times higher in males than in females. The disease was more common in the 30–64 age group. The number of cases increased in the summer and autumn seasons. Human anthrax is still being reported though in decreasing numbers in Turkey. A collaborative control programme continues to be needed.

scholarly journals Cancer in Lebanon: A Review of Incidence Rates from 2008 to 2015 and Projections Till 2025

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein H. Khachfe ◽  
Zahraa Rahal ◽  
Julie Sammouri ◽  
Mira Kheil ◽  
Hussein Baydoun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Cancer Trends ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background and Objectives Cancer carries one of the heaviest burdens globally in terms of mortality. Lebanon is a middle-income Middle East country also plagued with cancer, as such a study and analysis of cancer trends and projections would serve a great benefit in the fight against the disease. Materials and Methods All data pertaining to cancers in Lebanon were extracted from the National Cancer Registry of Lebanon Web site. Data were analyzed to produce trends over the years of our study (2008–2015). Ten-year projections were further calculated for the top cancers by the primary site using logarithmic models. Results The top cancers in Lebanon are the breast, lung, colorectal, bladder, and prostate. The top cancers affecting females are the breast, lung, and colorectal. The top cancers affecting males are the prostate, lung, and bladder. Cancer cases are projected to increase in Lebanon over the next 10 years. Conclusion Lebanon had a steady incidence rate of cancer cases during the time of our study. A more complete understanding of cancer trends and their ultimate reduction will require further research into the origins of specific cancers and the means of prevention and control.

scholarly journals An increase in the number of mumps cases in the Czech Republic, 2005-2006

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Boxall ◽  
M Kubínyiová ◽  
V Príkazský ◽  
C Beneš ◽  
J Cástková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Mumps Vaccine ◽  
Target Prevention ◽  
And Control

The Czech Republic has had a two-dose measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination programme since 1987. The last outbreak of mumps was reported in 2002, but an increase in the number of mumps cases was observed in 2005, starting in October that year. We analysed routinely collected surveillance data from 1 January 2005 to 30 June 2006 to show the magnitude of the increase and describe the most affected groups in order to better target prevention and control strategies. In the 18-month period examined, 5,998 cases of mumps were notified, with a peak incidence in May 2006. No deaths were recorded, but 21% of cases were hospitalised. Incidence was lowest in the Plzeň region (1.9/100,000) and highest in Zlín (118.6/100,000). There were more male (61.8%) than female cases. The age of the cases ranged from 0 to 80 years. The highest incidence rate was observed in the age group of 15 to 19 years, in which 87% of cases had received two doses of mumps vaccine. The average age of unvaccinated cases was 22.9 years, while for cases vaccinated with two doses it was 14.5 years. Although vaccine effectiveness could not be calculated from the data available, possible reasons for highly-vaccinated cases occurring are discussed.

scholarly journals Age and Sex Specific Trends in Incidence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Danish Birth Cohorts from 1992 to 2002: A Nationwide Register Linkage Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8331
Author(s):  
Isabel Cardoso ◽  
Peder Frederiksen ◽  
Ina Olmer Specht ◽  
Mina Nicole Händel ◽  
Fanney Thorsteinsdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Poisson Regression Model ◽  
Birth Cohorts ◽  
Age And Sex

This study reports age- and sex-specific incidence rates of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in complete Danish birth cohorts from 1992 through 2002. Data were obtained from the Danish registries. All persons born in Denmark, from 1992–2002, were followed from birth and until either the date of first diagnosis recording, death, emigration, 16th birthday or administrative censoring (17 May 2017), whichever came first. The number of incident JIA cases and its incidence rate (per 100,000 person-years) were calculated within sex and age group for each of the birth cohorts. A multiplicative Poisson regression model was used to analyze the variation in the incidence rates by age and year of birth for boys and girls separately. The overall incidence of JIA was 24.1 (23.6–24.5) per 100,000 person-years. The rate per 100,000 person-years was higher among girls (29.9 (29.2–30.7)) than among boys (18.5 (18.0–19.1)). There were no evident peaks for any age group at diagnosis for boys but for girls two small peaks appeared at ages 0–5 years and 12–15 years. This study showed that the incidence rates of JIA in Denmark were higher for girls than for boys and remained stable over the observed period for both sexes.

scholarly journals Vaccine impact and effectiveness of meningococcal serogroup ACWY conjugate vaccine implementation in the Netherlands: a nationwide surveillance study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milou Ohm ◽  
Susan J M Hahné ◽  
Arie van der Ende ◽  
Elizabeth A M Sanders ◽  
Guy A M Berbers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mass Campaign ◽  
Conjugate Vaccination ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background In response to the recent serogroup W invasive meningococcal disease (IMD-W) epidemic in the Netherlands, meningococcal serogroup C (MenC) conjugate vaccination for 14-month-olds was replaced with a MenACWY conjugate vaccination, and a mass campaign targeting 14-18 year-olds was executed. We investigated the impact of MenACWY vaccination implementation in 2018-2020 on incidence rates and estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE). Methods We extracted all IMD cases diagnosed between July 2014 and December 2020 from the national surveillance system. We calculated age group-specific incidence rate ratios by comparing incidence rates before (July 2017-March 2018) and after (July 2019-March 2020) MenACWY vaccination implementation. We estimated VE in vaccine-eligible cases using the screening method. Results Overall, IMD-W incidence rate lowered by 61% (95%CI 40-74). It declined by 82% (95%CI 18-96) in vaccine-eligible age group (15-36 month-olds and 14-18 year-olds) and by 57% (95%CI 34-72) in vaccine non-eligible age groups. VE was 92% (95%CI -20-99.5) against IMD-W vaccine-eligible toddlers. No IMD-W cases were reported in vaccine-eligible teenagers after the campaign. Conclusions The MenACWY vaccination programme was effective in preventing IMD-W in the target population. The IMD-W incidence reduction in vaccine non-eligible age groups may be caused by indirect effects of the vaccination programme. However, disentangling natural fluctuation from vaccine-effect was not possible. Our findings encourage the use of toddler- and teenager MenACWY vaccination in national immunization programmes especially when implemented together with a teenager mass campaign during an epidemic.

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