scholarly journals Jan Hornat: Transatlantic Democracy Assistance. Promoting Different Models of Democracy.

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Veronika Bílková
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Democracy Promotion ◽  
Democracy Assistance ◽  
Constructivist View ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The approaches of EU institutions and the US to democracy assistance often vary quite significantly as both actors choose different means and tactics. The nuances in the understandings of democracy on the part of the EU and the US lead to their promotion of models of democratic governance that are often quite divergent and, in some respects, clashing. This book examines the sources of this divergence and by focusing on the role of the actors’ "democratic identity" it aims to explain the observation that both actors use divergent strategies and instruments to foster democratic governance in third countries. Taking a constructivist view, it demonstrates that the history, expectations and experiences with democracy of each actor significantly inform their respective definition of democracy and thus the model of democracy they promote abroad. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners in democracy promotion, democratization, political theory, EU and US foreign policy and assistance, and identity research.

The role of public diplomacy in defending national and coalition interests (for example, the US, NATO and the EU)

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
V. I. Vinokurov
Keyword(s):  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

The article gives a definition of public diplomacy, reveals the dualism of its functions, emphasizes the role and place of public diplomacy in upholding national and bloc interests.

Democratizing dictators? Non-democratic regime conditions and the allocation of US democracy assistance, 1975–2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Scott ◽  
Ralph G Carter
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Development ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Democracy Promotion ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Democracy Assistance ◽  
Agency For International Development ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

As the USA initiated strategies of democracy promotion to support the spread of democracy, a key element involved democracy assistance. However, some states receive substantial commitments of US democracy aid while other states receive little or none, and the mix of democracy assistance varies in allocation between civil society and institutional channels. This study examines democracy aid allocation, focusing on the role of regime conditions on the targeting and composition of the aid. We disaggregate regime type to differentiate among non-democratic governments and argue that such differences affect both the amount of democracy aid and whether aid packages target government institutions or civil society channels. We theorize how these regime conditions shape allocations, controlling for donor interests and recipient features, and test our argument against US democracy aid allocations by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) from 1975 to 2010. We conclude with discussion of the implications of these findings.

scholarly journals Understanding the prime mover

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Hammarlund ◽  
Kristina Riegert
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Us Foreign Policy ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Cultural Symbols ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Role Of Religion

•As a pervasive historical construct that is both foreign and familiar, the USA has a looming presence in Swedish media discourse. Swedish journalists’ views of the USA can best be described as ambivalent — critical of a unilateral or too passive US foreign policy, while at the same time being heavily influenced by many aspects of the American economic model and culture. This article presents the results of an analysis of Swedish editorials, debate, commentary and cultural articles about the USA in time periods between 1984 and 2009. During these three decades USA actions are broadly framed against the backdrop of Cold War, globalization and cultural contestation paradigms respectively. The USA is seen as a formidable power, one that should be checked by others on the international stage. Cultural symbols based on historical European narratives about the US are called upon to illustrate reckless unilateralism (‘Space Cowboy’ Reagan) or the future-oriented entrepreneur as a role model for Sweden (during the Clinton years). The final decade under the cultural contestation paradigm is also ambivalent — the role of religion in the USA appears foreign to Swedish eyes, whereas the USA’s cultural misunderstandings with others appear familiar. •

scholarly journals The Pandemic and the Crisis in the System of International Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Al. A. Gromyko
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Strategic Autonomy ◽  
The Eu

The research is focused on several key problems in the system of international relations influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that the events caused by it and broadly identified as a coronacrisis have a direct impact on the world economic contradictions (pandenomica) and political ones, including the sphere of security. These particular aspects are chosen as the main objects of the research. The author contends that the factor of the pandemic has sharpened the competition between regional and global players and has increased the role of a nation- state. In the conditions of transregional deglobalisation, regionalism and “protectionism 2.0” get stronger under the banners of “strategic vulnerability” and “economic sovereignty”. A further weakening of multilateral international institutions continues. The EU endeavours to secure competitive advantages on the basis of relocalisation, industrial and digital policies and the Green Deal. The article highlights the deterioration in the relations among Russia, the US, the EU and China, the unfolding decoupling between Washington and its European allies, which stimulates the idea of the EU strategic autonomy. An urgent need for the deconfliction in Russia – NATO interaction is stated.

Hungary: the policy of maneuvering between the EU, USA, China, and Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Oleg G. Volotov ◽  
◽  
Sergei O. Volotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Special Position ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
The Eu

In recent years, Hungary has frequently declared its special position on various issues, which differs from the point of view represented by Brussels. Brussels has, in return, criticized the Hungarian administration for restricting political rights, the growing role of state in the country's social and economic development, its persistent refusal to accept compulsory migrant quotas, its confrontation with Ukraine, and even its alleged anti-Semitism. The disaffection of Brussels with Hungarian Government policies was reflected in the Sargentini Report, which led to the threat of launching a procedure under Article 7 of the Treaty of Lisbon, which would have potentially suspended Hungary's voting rights in the EU and cut off its EU funding. Despite the existing divisions, Hungary values its EU and NATO memberships, as well as the improvements in relations with the US, although it still strives for independence while standing up for its own sovereignty. One of the tools of Hungarian foreign policy is the turn to the East, first and foremost to China and Russia, that allows Hungary to maneuver in a more effective way between the contemporary centers of power.

1. Banks in the Financial System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ross Cranston ◽  
Emilios Avgouleas ◽  
Kristin van Zweiten ◽  
Theodor van Sante ◽  
Christoper Hare
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Capital Allocation ◽  
Bank Supervision ◽  
System P ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Coordination ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter explains the economic functions and organizational structure of contemporary banking. It first discusses the role of banks in the economy, offering a brief account of the role of the financial system in capital allocation and risk management as well as key bank functions in this respect. It then details the rise and fall of the multifunctional bank in the era of globalization, and the different aspects of the too-big-to-fail bank problem and its possible causes. It explains the international nature of bank regulation and the standard-setting and regulatory coordination provided by key transnational regulatory networks such as the Basel committee on Bank Supervision and the Financial Stability Board; discusses the legal definition of the term ‘bank’ in the US and of ‘credit institution’ under EU legislation; advances a new understanding of what the term ‘bank’ means in the post-2008 era.

scholarly journals Value and protection of geographical indications by the Japanese Wine Law

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
K. Ebihara ◽  
M. Omura
Keyword(s):  
Internal Market ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Geographical Indication ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Eu

Recently, Japanese wine law has changed dramatically. In October 2015, the definition of “Japan wine” and the labelling rules were introduced, and the registration guidelines for the geographical indication (GI) were formulated. Up to now, the Commissioner of the National Tax Agency has designated two wine GIs: “Yamanashi” and “Hokkaido”. However, it is not easy for Japanese consumers to understand the value and the role of GI. The National Tax Agency, prefectures, municipal authorities and winery associations organise from time to time promotional events of GI wines to spread the notion of GI. Even though the majority of “Japan wine”, including GI wine, is consumed in the internal market, it is necessary to protect the Japanese GIs in foreign countries. Due to the EU-Japan EPA that ensures the mutual protection of GIs, it is quite probable that the GI will play an important role in the export of Japanese wine, liquor and agricultural products.

The Role of Regulatory Impact Assessment in Fighting Climate Change and the Economic Downturn: A EU-US Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Torriti ◽  
Ragnar Lofstedt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regulatory Impact ◽  
The Eu

In times of low economic growth and post-Copenhagen climate talks, a number of reasons for regulatory competition and cooperation between the United States and the European Union coexist. This paper discusses the role of Impact Assessment between the US and the EU on responses to the economic downturn and climate change. It is argued that, in the future, IAs will be an instrument through which it will be possible to read the level of cooperation and competition between the US and the EU, particularly on economic trade and environmental regulation.

scholarly journals Responsiveness in Rheumatoid Arthritis. A Report from the OMERACT 11 Ultrasound Workshop

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Iagnocco ◽  
Esperanza Naredo ◽  
Richard Wakefield ◽  
George A.W. Bruyn ◽  
Paz Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Power Doppler ◽  
Consensus Definition ◽  
Synovitis Score ◽  
The Us ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Acceptable Reliability ◽  
Power Doppler Signal

Objective.To summarize the work performed by the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Ultrasound (US) Task Force on the validity of different US measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) presented during the OMERACT 11 Workshop.Methods.The Task Force is an international group aiming to iteratively improve the role of US in arthritis clinical trials. Recently a major focus of the group has been the assessment of responsiveness of a person-level US synovitis score in RA: the US Global Synovitis Score (US-GLOSS) combines synovial hypertrophy and power Doppler signal in a composite score detected at joint level. Work has also commenced examining assessment of tenosynovitis in RA and the role of US in JIA.Results.The US-GLOSS was tested in a large RA cohort treated with biologic therapy. It showed early signs of improvement in synovitis starting at Day 7 and increasing to Month 6, and demonstrated sensitivity to change of the proposed grading. Subsequent voting questions concerning the application of the US-GLOSS were endorsed by > 80% of OMERACT delegates. A standardized US scoring system for detecting and grading severity of RA tenosynovitis and tendon damage has been developed, and acceptable reliability data were presented from a series of exercises. A preliminary consensus definition of US synovitis in pediatric arthritis has been developed and requires further testing.Conclusion.At OMERACT 11, consensus was achieved on the application of the US-GLOSS for evaluating synovitis in RA; and work continues on development of RA tenosynovitis scales as well as in JIA synovitis.

scholarly journals The Swedish Riksdag as Scrutiniser of the Principle of Subsidiarity

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Jonsson Cornell
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
European Public ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Proportionality Principle ◽  
The Eu

Early Warning Mechanism – Principle of Subsidiarity – Lisbon Treaty – Protocol No. 2 on Proportionality and Subsidiarity – A theoretical definition of the Principle of Subsidiarity – The scope of the Principle of Subsidiarity – Scrutiny of the respect for the principle of subsidiarity – The role of national parliaments in the EU legislative procedure – The Swedish Riksdag – national constitutional law – decentralised scrutiny – no selection mechanism – sectoral committees – reasoned opinions – the role of the Plenary – the Committee on the Constitution – method for scrutiny – the principle of proportionality – principle of conferral – legality – European Public Prosecutor’s Office – broad or narrow scrutiny – impact of the Early Warning Mechanism

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