scholarly journals Sustainable systemic urban planning: principles and trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Francesco Masciarelli
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Social Web ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
The City

The crisis of the urban environment is a systemic one, and it is due to a joint action of socio-cultural, politic, economic, physic and ecologic factors. It is also related to the progressive decay of communitarian sense and policy representativeness as generative factors of the city; to his economic bases transformation; to decentralization processes and loss of public spaces; to his increasing dimension and speculative land annuity phenomena; to his unsustainable energy needs and environmental impacts. Therefore, this crisis is summarizable as a systemical and sustainability one. But the crisis of the city is also due to the inadequacy of urban planning: the poor comprehension of city systemic nature and poor presence of sustainability measures, the formal rigidity of the top-down processes unable to manage the bottom-up self-organized transformations, lead to a lack of operability of its instruments. As a consequence, the perspectives of the study of the city have to be shifted from the urban structures to the related processes; from the urban components to the whole environment; from the juxtaposition of objects to social and cultural interactions. The most interesting trends in this direction seem to move toward urban regeneration processes through Digital Social Economy that, together with the use of Social Web Platforms, could make more publicly visible, shared and effectively participative the planning processes allowing a real involvement of citizens and communities. Aims of this study is to summarily describe these trends toward systemic urban planning processes, through the analysis of literature and examples, in light of a possible sustainable future of the human environmental system definable as city.

scholarly journals Dialectical Design Dialogues: Negotiating Ethics in Participatory Planning by Building a Critical Design Atlas

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-251
Author(s):  
Barbara Roosen ◽  
Liesbeth Huybrechts ◽  
Oswald Devisch ◽  
Pieter Van den Broeck
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Dialectical Approach ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
The City

This article explores ‘dialectical design dialogues’ as an approach to engage with ethics in everyday urban planning contexts. It starts from Paulo Freire’s pedagogical view (1970/2017), in which dialogues imply the establishment of a horizontal relation between professionals and amateurs, in order to understand, question and imagine things in everyday reality, in this case, urban transformations, applied to participatory planning and enriched through David Harvey’s (2000, 2009) dialectical approach. A dialectical approach to design dialogues acknowledges and renegotiates contrasts and convergences of ethical concerns specific to the reality of concrete daily life, rather than artificially presenting daily life as made of consensus or homogeneity. The article analyses an atlas as a tool to facilitate dialectical design dialogues in a case study of a low-density residential neighbourhood in the city of Genk, Belgium. It sees the production of the atlas as a collective endeavour during which planners, authorities and citizens reflect on possible futures starting from a confrontation of competing uses and perspectives of neighbourhood spaces. The article contributes to the state-of-the-art in participatory urban planning in two ways: (1) by reframing the theoretical discussion on ethics by arguing that not only the verbal discourses around designerly atlas techniques but also the techniques themselves can support urban planners in dealing more consciously with ethics (accountability, morality and authorship) throughout urban planning processes, (2) by offering a concrete practice-based example of producing an atlas that supports the participatory articulation and negotiation of dialectical inquiry of ethics through dialogues in a ‘real-time’ urban planning process.

scholarly journals DESIGN PARTICIPATION: FROM RHETORIC TO PRACTICE (AND BACK?)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojka Jandrić
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Design Approach ◽  
Top Down ◽  
City Administration ◽  
European Capital Of Culture ◽  
Cultural Infrastructure ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
The City

Design participation is considered an inclusive, democratic and transparent process of urban planning and decision-making, particularly important for environments where complex social and economic realms could easily be misinterpreted in a common top-down design approach. This paper examines actual contributions of this methodology, implemented in ongoing strategies for designing and building public spaces and cultural infrastructure as part of the project Novi Sad European Capital of Culture 2021, which is based on democracy, decentralisation, inclusion and citizens' participation. Now, these strategies were put into action, with several projects prepared, launched and brought closer to actual realisation. This process revealed conclusions inrespect to implementation possibilities, as well as its strengths and weaknesses in actual projects, and ephasized the need to further improve urban practice and undertake change of the slow and unprepared procedures of the City administration.

scholarly journals Urban water bodies as the basis for functioning of public spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Valentina Kurochkina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Recently, housing construction in cities has been carried out at a high rate. Increasingly, urban abandoned and flooded depressive spaces near water bodies (often rivers), which were previously used as industrial facilities or temporarily used, are becoming the sphere of architectural and landscape transformations. The restoration of such territories helps to improve the quality of urban space and improve its ecological properties. Correct development of territories near rivers and various water bodies has a great health-improving effect on the urban environment, improves its natural and climatic conditions. In addition, social and economic factors play an important role in this process, since such transformed territories and territories adjacent to them significantly increase investment attractiveness. This paper examines modern approaches to the development of urban public spaces, based on the formation of architectural environments that ensure the relationship of urban development with water bodies and adjacent territories. The paper notes that water bodies are not only an important component of the natural-ecological framework, but are also the basis for the framework of urban-planning natural-technogenic systems as a whole. And the creation of a continuous urban fabric is impossible without the organization of a ‘water’ line of development, provision of compositional, functional and communication interconnection of open urban and water spaces, which is actively being introduced today in architectural and urban planning practice. The paper examines the role of water bodies in the ecological system of the city, as well as in its structure as a whole. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the formation of a public urban space, to determine the patterns of its development, to identify criteria that reflect the nature, scale and features of the impact of urbanization on a water body. Some principles of revitalization of coastal areas, as well as the creation of a system of publicly accessible, compositionally expressive spaces are considered. The principles of space transformation aimed at the formation of a holistic image of the city, as well as the impact of such a spatial arrangement of urban and water bodies on the safety and quality of the urban environment are considered.

scholarly journals Sustainable urban structures to challenge climate change

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil CREANGA ◽  
Maria DUDA
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
The City

Public spaces within the city in all their form of different types - streets, boulevards, squares, plazas, market places, green areas - are the backbone of cities. Over the centuries buildings defined the shape and quality of public spaces, valorising them in various ways. The post-modern development of urban form generated a great number of “urban spaces”, where there is no longer correspondence between architectural forms and social and political messages: shopping malls and theme parks, inner public spaces, strip developments etc. Urban sprawl accompanied by loss of agricultural/rural land and its impact on the environment are serious concerns for most cities over Europe. To strike the right balance between inner city regeneration, under-use of urban land in the old abandoned sites and the ecological benefits that accompany the new private business initiatives in suburban areas, is one of the major challenges confronting cities in Europe. The paper will analyze the complex relations between architecture and public space, in an attempt to understand how traditional urban structures, public and green spaces, squares and streets, could provide orientation for quality-oriented regeneration. Case in point is Bucharest - capital city of Romania - where aggressive intervention in the urban structure during the 1980s disrupted the fabric of the city. The investigation is oriented towards fundamental questions such as: how to secure and preserve sites that serve as initial points in upgrading processes, how to balance private investment criteria and the quality interests of the urban communities.The major aim is to provide a support for decision making in restoring the fundamental role of public urban space in shaping urban form and supporting community life.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN-SHIELDS’ PLANNING IN BISHOPRICS OF LIVONIA DURING THE 13TH–14TH CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 795
Author(s):  
Silvija Ozola
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Temple Mount ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Traditions of the Christianity centres’ formation can be found in Jerusalem’s oldest part where instead of domestic inhabitants’ dwellings the second king of Israel (around 1005 BC–965 BC) David built his residence on a top of the Temple Mount surrounded by deep valleys. His fortress – the City of David protected from the north side by inhabitants’ stone buildings on a slope was an unassailable public and spiritual centre that northwards extended up to the Ophel used for the governance. David’s son, king of Israel (around 970–931 BC) Solomon extended the fortified urban area where Templum Solomonis was built. In Livonia, Bishop Albrecht obtained spacious areas, where he established bishoprics and towns. At foothills, residential building of inhabitants like shields guarded Bishop’s residence. The town-shield was the Dorpat Bishopric’s centre Dorpat and the Ösel–Wiek Bishopric’s centre Haapsalu. The town of Hasenpoth in the Bishopric of Courland (1234–1583) was established at subjugated lands inhabited by the Cours: each of bishopric's urban structures intended to Bishop and the Canonical Chapter was placed separately in their own village. The main subject of research: the town-shields’ planning in Livonia. Research problem: the development of town-shields’ planning at bishoprics in Livonia during the 13th and 14th century have been studied insufficiently. Historians in Latvia often do not take into account studies of urban planning specialists on historical urban planning. Research goal: to determine common and distinctive features of town-shield design in bishoprics of Livonia. Research novelty: town-shield plans of Archbishop’s and their vassals’ residences and capitals in Livonian bishoprics subjected to the Riga Archbishopric are analyzed. Results: study formation of Livonian town-shields’ layout and structure of the 13th and 14th centuries. Main methods: inspection of town-shields in nature, analysis of archive documents, projects, cartographic materials.  

scholarly journals Mapping and assessing ecosystem services to support urban planning: A case study on brownfield regeneration in Trento, Italy

One Ecosystem ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. e25477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Cortinovis ◽  
Davide Geneletti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Stakeholder Perspectives ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
The City

This study explores the use of ecosystem service (ES) knowledge to support urban planning in the assessment of future scenarios. The case study concerns the prioritszation of brownfield regeneration interventions in the city of Trento (Italy). Alternative planning scenarios considering the conversion of existing brownfields into new urban parks are assessed and compared. The assessment focuses on two ES of critical importance for the city, namely microclimate regulation and nature-based recreation. The benefits of the different scenarios are quantified based on the number of expected beneficiaries broken down into different vulnerability classes and then compared through a multi-criteria analysis. Three combinations of criteria and weights reflect different planning objectives and related decision-makers’ orientations about what ES and beneficiary groups should be prioritised. The application demonstrates the potential for ES assessments to support urban planning processes in the specific phase of assessment and selection of alternatives, by meeting the requirements in terms of both sensitivity to small-scale changes in land uses or management activities and capacity to capture simultaneous variations in supply and demand of multiple ES. Being coherent with socially-orientated planning objectives, indicators based on ES demand and beneficiaries can effectively convey information about ES in planning decisions. Multi-criteria analysis is an effective way to integrate multiple ES assessments with other information about costs and benefits of planning scenarios, exploring diverse stakeholder perspectives and balancing competing objectives in a rational and transparent way.

scholarly journals METHODS OF RENOVATION OF OPEN PUBLIC SPACES OF THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF SAMARA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
Dmitrii B. VERETENNIKOV ◽  
Sofia O. NOVIKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

The necessity of renovation of open public spaces in Samara, which has developed in the historical environment, is considered. The concept of “open public spaces” and their features are revealed. Att ention is focused on their signifi cance and impact on the further development of the city as a whole. The relevance of the topic is formulated, the goal and objectives of scientifi c research are set. A research hypothesis of scientifi c work is put forward, a methodological basis for the study is proposed, based on the analysis of scientifi c works in the fi eld of urban planning, considering aspects of the organization and formation of open public spaces.

scholarly journals The role of trust in shaping urban planning in local communities: The case of Hammarkullen, Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (40) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stina Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
The City

AbstractUrban planning is increasingly focusing on the social aspect of sustainability. The 2014 report Differences in Living Conditions and Health in Gothenburg shows important and increasing inequalities between different parts of the city, a development seen in cities across the world. The city of Gothenburg has set as its goal the decrease in inequalities by joining forces with civil society, the private sector, academia and people living in the city. Participation and inclusion become important tools in city planning processes for the authorities to understand local conditions, particularly to understand the living conditions of people in socio-economically marginalised areas, whose voices are rarely listened to, and to enable their active participation in shaping outcomes. In this article, we explore the role of trust in improving urban planning, and in shaping possibilities for participation that is positively experienced, in the sense that it increases people’s sense of control over their neighbourhoods. Based on empirical work in Hammarkullen, a socio-economically marginalised area in Gothenburg, the article shows how specific local configurations of trust have an impact on local development plans. It further shows how participatory practices coarticulate with the local social situation to shape outcomes in a certain way. Grounded in the empirical study, the paper argues for the importance of understanding the local conditions of trust and how they interact with planning processes in shaping outcomes and future possibilities of cooperation. Further, the paper argues for the need to take the local conditions of trust into account early in the planning phase.

scholarly journals In search of a co-operation ecosystem for collaborative planning and co-governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Karoliina Jarenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Community Development ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
Planning Processes ◽  
Citizen Initiatives ◽  
And Control

Contemporary urban planning with linear administrative processes, based on the ideals of predictability and control, have come to its end. Even public participatory planning has struggled to incorporate the input of engaged citizens to urban development and the co-governance of common resources. Self-organized actions of urban activist and mundane everyday life have not been sufficiently addressed in the participatory urban planning processes. However, local initiatives and even the temporary use of urban space have been seen as a contribution to urban development. The problem is that so far we do not have much knowledge about the co-operation ecosystem required for new approaches to urban planning, such as the Expanded urban planning. In this article, I examine two case studies, on the basis of which a co-operation ecosystem for Expanded urban planning is outlined. I argue that such an ecosystem for co-operation can significantly help cities integrate self-organized citizen initiatives to urban and community development. It might, however, also require planners to take a stronger role in enhancing a culture of participation.

scholarly journals The concept of creating a form-based code of Zelenodolsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Yulia Zakirova ◽  
Maria Latypova ◽  
Svetlana Gafurova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Design Code ◽  
Spatial Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Features ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Industrial Cities ◽  
The City

The purpose of the study is to identify and compare territorial zones, volumetric-spatial characteristics of buildings and the peculiarities of the formation of open public spaces in Zelenodolsk. The main results of the study are that a comprehensive urban planning analysis was carried out, on the basis of which the features of the formation of territorial zones in the city were revealed, the boundaries of spatial-environmental morphotypes, their environmental features were identified, and the specificity of the formation of a design code for different areas of the city was determined. The significance of the results obtained for architecture and urban planning lies in the fact that the concept of the form-based code developed in the study for Zelenodolsk can become the basis for updating (or updating) urban planning documents (Local standards for urban planning, General plan, urban planning regulations, City beautification rules). The method of identifying and forming spatial-environmental morphotypes in the city is also of great importance, as the basis for creating a form-based code for Russian small and medium-sized industrial cities.

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