scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EMISSIONS OF HARMFUL SUBSTANCES IN USING ALTERNATIVE TO NATURAL GAS BIOFUELS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
O. Levytska ◽  
O. Sichevii
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
First Time ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

Feature of the topic and problem statement. The paper presents for the first time a comparative characteristic of emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of traditional fuels (natural gas) and biomass in fuel furnaces of boilers and recommended for the use the most environmentally efficient fuels. Comparative characteristics of emissions of harmful substances during the combustion of various types of fuel allows to determine the optimal type of fuel in the construction and commission of a new power plants, and also adds up-to-date information that will be useful in the scientific and scientific-popular discussions that are widespread today regarding the exhaustion and replacement of non-renewable energy sources, the safety of alternative fuels and their advantages in comparison with non-renewable ones. The purpose of the work is determining of the amount of emissions of harmful substsnces entering the environment during the combustion of natural gas and solid alternative fuels - wood waste, straw, flax straw and sunflower husk, their comparison, justification of calculation of the carbon content in the fuel of a given chemical composition. Findings. During the comparative analysis, high values for the carbon dioxide emissions for all the materials were considered. It is also noted that there are no emissions of suspended solid particles and sulfur diоxide during the combustion of natural gas and it is determined that at its combustion, methane emissions will be the smallest. In as-sessing the level of safety when using unrenewable and alternative fuels, the higher content of methane, dinitrogen oxide and unmethane volatile organic compounds and the lower content of nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide in emissions from combustion of alternative fuels compared to emissions at combustion of unrenewable fuels were determined during the calculations. When burning natural gas there is mercury in small amounts in the emissions. Originality. The paper presents for the first time a comparative characteristic of emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of traditional fuels (natural gas and fuel oil) and biomass in fuel furnaces of boilers and recommended for the use the most environmentally efficient fuels. When making calculation works the following regularities are defined. In unrenewable and alternative fuels, a higher proportion of carbon passes into carbon dioxide emission and less to carbon oxide emission, while proportion of carbon in carbon dioxide emission is higher in unrenewable fuels. In addition, in unre-newable and alternative fuels, a large proportion of nitrogen is converted into nitrogen oxide emission, and less in emission of dinitrogen oxide, while the proportion of nitrogen in the emission of nitrogen oxide is also higher in unrenewable fuels. The paper defines a formula for calculating the carbon content in natural gas from the Central Asia-Center gas pipeline. The provided calculations and the introduction of simplified formulas serve as an example for the calculation of emis-sion factors and emissions in assessing the level of safety of existing equipment and can be used in the development of permit documents of enterprises that carry out emissions of harmful substances to the environment.

Research of Graphic User Interface of Carbon Dioxide Emission Evaluation Model in Construction Life Cycle Based on Matlab

2013 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 546-550
Author(s):  
Xue Hong Gan ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Shi Mei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Graphic User Interface ◽  
Property Management ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Management Responsibility ◽  
Residential Quarter ◽  
First Time

To build carbon dioxide emission evaluation model in construction life cycle is the key link to make low-carbon research of theoretical studies head towards practical application. For the first time, residential quarter is selected as the object in the study, carbon dioxide emission management responsibility of owner and property being considered and carbon dioxide emission evaluation model in construction life cycle based on matlab as well as database of carbon dioxide factor being built initially. Net carbon dioxide emission information will be shown timely, then carbon dioxide emission and absorption can be adjusted by property management accordingly.

scholarly journals ЗМЕНШЕННЯ ВИКИДІВ СУДНОВОГО ДИЗЕЛЯ УТИЛІЗАЦІЄЮ ТЕПЛОТИ РЕЦИРКУЛЯЦІЙНИХ ГАЗІВ ЕЖЕКТОРНОЮ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЮ МАШИНОЮ

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Максим Андрійович Пирисунько ◽  
Роман Миколайович Радченко ◽  
Андрій Адольфович Андреєв ◽  
Вікторія Сергіївна Корнієнко
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Refrigeration Machine ◽  
Emissions Of Harmful Substances

The problem of air basin pollution of the World Ocean with harmful emissions from the exhaust gases of marine diesel engines is primarily associated with the creation of highly efficient technologies for the neutralization of nitrogen oxides NOx on exhaust gases from a diesel engine. Emissions of harmful substances from the combustion of marine fuels are limited by international atmospheric protection programs and the requirements of the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The requirements relate to almost all groups of harmful emissions in marine engines and the more stringent of them are primarily related to nitrogen oxides NOx and sulfur oxides SOx. To reduce harmful emissions from exhaust gases into the environment, scientists and world engine leaders use and suggest various methods for reducing the content of harmful substances in exhaust gases. The implementation of new standards in the areas of further improvement of the working process, the use of alternative fuels, fuel, and air additives, as well as selective catalytic reduction systems do not preclude further development of scientific research in the field of exhaust gas cleaning. One of the promising ways in environmentalizing marine internal combustion engines is the neutralization of harmful substances in exhaust gases through particular gas recirculation (EGR-technology). However, the use of such techniques conflicts with the engine's energy efficiency. In the work presented, the scheme-design solution of the exhaust gas recirculation system with using the heat of recirculation gases by an ejector refrigeration machine for cooling the air at the intake of ship's main engine is proposed. The effect of using the heat of recirculation gases for cooling the air at the intake of the engine is analyzed taking into account the changing climatic conditions for a particular vessel's route line. It is shown that the use of an ejector refrigeration machine reduces the air temperature at the entrance of the main engine by 5…15 ° С, which reduces the specific fuel consumption. This reduces emissions of harmful substances when the engine is running with recirculation of gases.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR VEHICLES

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Лемешева ◽  
E. Lemesheva ◽  
Кочегаров ◽  
D. Kochegarov ◽  
Тихомиров ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ecological Situation ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Motor Fuels ◽  
Harmful Substances

The growing demand for alternative motor fuels is dictated by aggravating energy and environmental problems. In article the analysis about possibility of use of alternative types of fuel for vehicles is carried out. Application of suitable alternative types of fuel will allow to improve in the future an economic and ecological situation in the country. Alternative fuel has to conform to the following requirements: to have necessary raw material resources, low cost, not to worsen operation of the engine, it is as little as possible to throw out harmful substances, whenever possible to be combined with the developed system of supply with fuel, etc. It is shown that natural gas and fuels derived from vegetable oils are most economical to use

scholarly journals Heating with Steam Methane Reformed Hydrogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Barrett ◽  
Tiziano Gallo Cassarino
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Steam Methane ◽  
Gas Supply

Abstract Hydrogen produced from natural gas with steam methane reforming coupled with carbon capture and sequestration (SMRCCS) is proposed as fuel for consumer heating and cooking systems. This paper presents estimates of the energy losses and methane and carbon dioxide emission and global warming across the whole gas to hydrogen heat supply chain – from production to consumer. Processed natural gas is typically about 95% methane which is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential (GWP) such that, with 20 year and 100 year GWP horizons, about 4% and 8% leakage respectively will cause as much global warming as the carbon dioxide formed when burning the methane. Data on gas emissions and SMRCCS costs and performance are sparse and wide ranging and this presents a major problem in accurately appraising the possible role of hydrogen from methane. The survey indicates emissions between 50 and 200 gCO2eq per unit of heat (kWhth) for SMRCCS H2 heat depending on leakage and GWP time horizon assumed. The second part of the paper reviews gas supply pricing and security and presents a cost minimised configuration of a SMRCCS hydrogen heating system derived with a simple model. Uncertainty in SMRCCS greenhouse gas emissions coupled with a net zero emission target and the long term issue of the physical and economic security of natural gas supply, bear on the potential advantages of SMRCCS as compared to other options, such as heating with renewable electricity driving consumer or district heating heat pumps.

scholarly journals The Effect of Fuel Quality on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxide Emissions, While Burning Biomass and RDF

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
J. Kalnacs ◽  
R. Bendere ◽  
A. Murasovs ◽  
D. Arina ◽  
A. Antipovs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Refuse Derived Fuel ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Content

Abstract The article analyses the variations in carbon dioxide emission factor depending on parameters characterising biomass and RDF (refuse-derived fuel). The influence of moisture, ash content, heat of combustion, carbon and nitrogen content on the amount of emission factors has been reviewed, by determining their average values. The options for the improvement of the fuel to result in reduced emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide have been analysed. Systematic measurements of biomass parameters have been performed, by determining their average values, seasonal limits of variations in these parameters and their mutual relations. Typical average values of RDF parameters and limits of variations have been determined.

scholarly journals Research on the Carbon Dioxide Emission Factor as a Result of Fuel Combustion

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tudora Cristescu ◽  
Monica Emanuela Stoica ◽  
Silvian Suditu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Fuel Combustion ◽  
Minimum Amount ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Complete Combustion ◽  
Evaluation Models

The present paper first discusses a calculation model for the complete combustion of fuels � with the minimum amount of air needed � whose volumetric and mass composition is known. It then describes evaluation models for the heat resulting from fuel combustion, i.e., superior and inferior caloric power value. In this context, the carbon dioxide emission factors for fuel and biofuel combustion, respectively, are evaluated. The results obtained have allowed a comparative analysis regarding carbon dioxide emission.

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