scholarly journals Entrepreneurship and engagement as a form of production activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Igor Likhuta
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Production Activity ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Methods

The purpose of the article is to consider and identify the features of enterprise and engagement as forms of production in the context of the formation of the profession of producer in the late nineteenth – early twentieth century. The methodology involves the use of cultural and historical methods to understanding the cultural and historical features of the profession of producer, understanding the essence of enterprise and engagement as forms of production. Scientific novelty. From the standpoint of cultural and historical approach, the author's definition of enterprise and commitment as concepts of humanitarian knowledge and business reality is presented, the essence and specificity of these phenomena are reflected as forms of production. Conclusions. It is argued that entrepreneurship and engagement in the context of the formation of mass culture are effective forms of the formation of production in the field of mass culture. It is shown that both entrepreneurs and artists – actors, directors, playwrights – played the role of producer in institutions of an enterprise type. The indicated trend continues to persist, nevertheless, the activities of the producer are constantly being transformed and improved.

scholarly journals “An Oriental Orientalist”: Aḥmad Zakī Pasha (1868-1934), Egyptian Statesman and Philologist in the Colonial Age

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-166
Author(s):  
Umar Ryad
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Revival ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

AbstractThe article sheds light on an important episode of the Arab-Orientalist encounter in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century by highlighting the role of the Egyptian scholar Aḥmad Zakī Pasha (1868-1934) in Orientalist circles, his travels to Europe, and his contributions to Arabic linguistic and cultural revival as well as politics. The study looks at his contribution as a member of the international scholarly circles of Arabic and Islamic studies. It will be shown that his engagement with European Orientalists was inseparable from his endeavors to ‘revive’ the Arabic heritage (iḥyā’ al-turāth), an engagement that was rooted in his discourse of ‘Arabism’ (al-‘urūba).

The Role of Indian Craftsmen in Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth-Century Ethiopian Palace, Church and Other Building

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In Ethiopia the last decades of the nineteenth century and the first of the twentieth were of crucial importance. This period witnessed the rise of King, after 1889 Emperor, Menilek, founder of the modern Ethiopian state. He it was who established the presentcapital, Addis Ababa, in 1886–7, defeated an Italian colonial army at the battle of Adwain 1896, and between 1905 and 1910 established a number of modern institutions, including the first modern bank, school, hospital, roads and railway. A notable innovator, he was well content to utilise the skills of Indians, as well as other foreigners, for themodernisation of his age-old empire.

Impact Erasure

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bachner
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Ethical Thought ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

This chapter analyzes the use of inscriptive metaphors in trauma theories, from Freud’s psychoanalytical models of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century to contemporary theorists such as Agamben, Caruth, Hirsch, and Lyotard. As an unregistered shock that continues to haunt the individual, trauma is an inscription whose impact leaves no trace. Accordingly, the inscriptive metaphors deployed in theories of trauma tend to multiply since they are caught in the dilemma of representing trauma without sacrificing a definition of trauma as the unrepresentable par excellence. For a thorough analysis of the ways in which trauma turns inscriptive, this chapter zooms in on a scandalous counterpoint: that between the number tattoos of Holocaust victims and the mark of circumcision. Whereas the number tattoo brands and produces a human body as inhuman, but can be rewritten as a corporeal memorial, circumcision can be misconstrued as traumatic mark, as a supplement to castration, but can also serve as a model for an ethical thought.

Neoclassical Modernity

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-47
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Late Ottoman

This chapter details the engagement of Iraqi poets with the Arab Nahda of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It provides a brief account of the social role of poetry in late Ottoman Iraq and a survey of the neoclassical poetry revival in Egypt and Syria. The chapter shows how Iraqi poets used the Nahda press to articulate their own relationship to modernity and reveals how new appreciations of the singularity of Iraq’s poetry tradition inspired proto-nationalist conceptions of Iraqi culture. Finally, the chapter examines the efforts of a new generation of young Najafi poets to promote the pioneering role of their own Najafi predecessors and reconstruct the historiography of the Arab Nahda for a broader Arab audience in the early twentieth century.

“Pirates of the Sea and the Land”

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Eklöf Amirell
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter turns to the prominent role of “piracy” in French colonial expansion in Vietnam in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The author demonstrates how the long-standing European fascination with pirates in popular culture made it expedient for French colonial officials to label anyone who resisted French colonial expansion in Vietnam as pirates, even if this meant that the concept was stretched to its limit and applied to bandits as well as Vietnamese court officials who had never set foot on a sea-going vessel. Amirell also juxtaposes the French and Vietnamese concepts associated with piracy, banditry, and subversion and shows how the Vietnamese king Tu Duc, not unreasonably, accused the French navy of piracy.

The Unruly Emotions of the Execution Crowd and its Critics in Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century France

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Shaya
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Capital Punishment ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
New Age ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Execution ◽  
Late Nineteenth

From the 1860s to the 1910s, a host of commentators sounded off on the degraded spectacle of the public execution in France. They had little to say about the violence of capital punishment as such. The problem that haunted them was the crowd that gathered around the guillotine. In these years the execution crowd was a mystery and an obsession, the object of literary surveillance, parliamentary inquiry, scientific study, and journalistic examination. These commentators saw a crowd without dignity, a crowd full of unhealthy emotions, a crowd of morbid curiosity and misplaced revelry. Who was this crowd? What emotions did its participants feel at the spectacle of punishment? And what can this story tell us about the public execution – or, more generally, the public – in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century France? The outcry over the execution crowd reveals more about the commentators than about the crowd. The guiding emotions of these commentators had little to do with empathy, civilization or distaste for violent punishment; they had everything to do with disgust for the crowd on the streets and fears of the public in a new age of mass culture.

Dwelling in American Realism

2019 ◽  
pp. 410-425
Author(s):  
Elif S. Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Harriet Beecher Stowe ◽  
Edith Wharton ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This chapter examines the role of houses and interiors in American realist fiction and argues that realist authors were preoccupied with settings and houses in a way unique to their period, the late nineteenth century, when numerous technological and aesthetic developments coincided with the reproduction of “real life” in writing. Offering the lives and literature of Harriet Beecher Stowe and Edith Wharton as useful brackets around the realist genre, the chapter illustrates the degree to which these two authors made the motif of the home central to their fiction and nonfiction. It provides detailed readings of Stowe’s Pink and White Tyranny (1871), Wharton’s The House of Mirth (1905), and Wharton’s rural novel, Summer (1917) in order to showcase how houses personify and encapsulate their characters. In realist fiction, the chapter argues, houses can be read in order to understand the characters who move within them, just as characters can be read by their homes. Finally, the chapter reveals the degree to which Gilded Age excess was replaced by early twentieth-century simplicity, which, in turn, became the linchpin for the era of modernism that evolved in literature and architecture at this time.

scholarly journals The Past Contains a Promise of Regeneration: Narratives of Ireland’s Future in Early-Twentieth-Century Juvenile Periodicals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ogliari
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young Readers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
British Rule ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of

This article investigates the popular periodicals for juveniles Our Boys, Fianna, Young Ireland, and St. Enda’s, which were cherished by Irish nationalists as home-grown substitutes for the alienating British story papers in the Ireland of the early twentieth century. With Ireland still under British rule, these periodicals were concerned about the role of youths in the context of nation-building and my contention is that the people involved in such editorial enterprises viewed them as potentially transformative forces of society, which not only harnessed the power of the idea of political upheaval, but also forged the agents who were to build the envisioned free Irelands. Contributing to the definition of an appropriate ‘post-independence’ national identity, they thus offered to the young visions of the future nation that predicated its legitimacy upon an appeal to the past and the appreciation of traditions. At the same time, young readers were presented with exemplary models of Irish citizenship drawn from Irish heritage of myths and histories. Hence, through the close scrutiny of primary texts from the crucial 1914–23 years, my objective is to show how the future Irelands first imagined and narrated in the periodicals would find their roots in the past and draw energies and strength from the nation’s cultural heritage.

Reconsidering Hyperreality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine T. von Stackelberg
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Domestic Architecture ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Self ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twentieth Century America ◽  
Saratoga Springs

The term “hyperreal” is generally associated with sites that take anachronistic decorative styles and eclectically recombine them into environments that claim to surpass mimicry by creating a fully immersive experience. At Franklin Smith’s Pompeia in Saratoga Springs, New York (1892); the Roman ruin garden of Louise du Pont Crowninshield at Hagley, Delaware (1924); and John Paul Getty’s recreation of Herculaneum’s Villa of the Papyri in Malibu, California (1974) hyperreality is a lens through which to examine the reintegration of Classical tropes into the domestic architecture of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century America. In each of these sites hyperreality extended beyond the boundaries of the built artifact into the garden environment where the dialogue between built space and greenspace expresses an ongoing, living relationship between Classical past and contemporary present. The role of hyperreality in creating Neo-Antique made places and imaginative portals is considered in terms of enchaînement, the socially anchored process of deliberate breakage and reuse that recombines fragments to generate new forms of cultural self-perception.

Women in the Irish Protestant Foreign Missions c. 1873-1914: Representations and Motivations

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 170-185
Author(s):  
Myrtle Hill
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Missions ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Feminist Perspectives ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Economic Developments ◽  
The Church ◽  
God's Work

The importance of women’s contribution to foreign missionary work has now been well established, with a range of studies, particularly from Canada, America, and Britain, exploring the topic from both religious and feminist perspectives. The role of Irishwomen, however, has neither been researched in any depth nor recorded outside denominational histories in which they are discussed, if at all, only marginally, and only in relation to their supportive contribution to the wider mission of the Church. The motivations, aspirations, experiences, and achievements of the hundreds of women who left Ireland to do God’s work in India, China, Africa, or Egypt are yet to be explored. My intention in this paper is to discuss their work and the ways in which they have been represented in the context of socio-economic developments in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Ireland, to determine how the interaction of class, gender, and religion helped shape their missionary endeavours.

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