scholarly journals Investigations of 2,4-d-resistant waterhemp and seed treatment and herbicide interactions in soybean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Blake Remington Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
The U.S

Field research experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Missouri to determine whether interactions are present between herbicides sprayed prior to planting and seed treatments in soybean. Two varieties of soybean were chosen, one that was known to be tolerant to the herbicides sprayed and one that was known to be sensitive to these herbicides. Each of these soybean varieties were treated with a commonly used seed treatment and sprayed with three commonly used herbicides. The results of these experiments indicate that there were larger interactions present between herbicides and varieties than herbicides and seed treatments or seed treatments and varieties. Greenhouse and field research experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate a waterhemp population with suspected resistance to multiple herbicides including 2,4-D. Results form the field experiment suggested resistance to six of the eight herbicides screened. The only two herbicides that had effective control were dicamba and glufosinate. Greenhouse experiments confirmed the waterhemp population to be resistant to 2,4-D, atrazine, chlorimuron, fomesafen, glyphosate, and mesotrione making this population the third 2,4-D-resistant waterhemp population identified in the U.S., and the first population resistant to six different herbicidal modes of action.

scholarly journals Evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Bhut JB ◽  
◽  
Jethva DM ◽  
Naggana R ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Seed Treatments

Field experiment on evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut was conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at farmers field. The nine insecticides evaluated as seed treatment against white grub infesting groundnut, the lowest per cent plant morality and number of grub/m2 was observed in treatment of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg. These treatments were produced 2329 and 2296 yield of pod, 3970 & 3780 kg/ha yield of halum, respectively. Increased in yield over control in these treatments was recorded 57.79 and 55.56 per cent in pod, 76.29 and 64.65 per cent in halum. Whereas avoidable yield loss recorded of these treatments was recorded 36.63 and 35.71 per cent in pod, 43.27 and 39.27 per cent in halum. However, the highest 1:28.32 NICRB was recorded in treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 30 ml a.i. /kg. The NICRB of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg were recorded 1:14.95 and 1:9.20, respectively. The evaluated insecticides had no adverse effect on seed germination

Evaluation of seed, stem and soil applications of procymidone to control white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) of onions

1991 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
IJ Porter ◽  
JP Maughan ◽  
GB Towers
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Stem Base ◽  
Sclerotium Cepivorum ◽  
Plant Emergence

The effects of different methods of applying procymidone, either alone or combined, were evaluated for control of white rot (caused by Sclerotium cepivorum Berk.) in onions at 2 sites in Victoria.Field trials at Colac showed that seed treatments combined with sprays to the soil surface gave the most effective control of white rot, reducing disease from 78 to 16% and increasing yields from 5.7 to 14.6 t/ha in brown onions. Sprays applied to the soil surface at 2.5 kg a.i./ha had no effect on emergence and reduced disease incidence from 65.3 to 21.7%. Seed treatment at 25 g procymidone/kg seed delayed the onset of disease by 80 days and reduced disease incidence by 30%. The same treatment also reduced plant emergence by more than 27% and, therefore, did not increase yields. Dispersible granules (5 or 10%; at 2.5 kg procymidone/ha) were as effective as the soil sprays at sowing. Stem base sprays applied 11 and 19 weeks after sowing reduced disease incidence slightly but did not increase yields. Procymidone applied with bands of fertiliser 2 or 5 cm below the seed was not effective. Two formulations of procymidone, Sumisclex 500 (50% a.i.) and 275 Flocol (27.5% a.i.), were equally effective in controlling white rot. At Lang Lang, root-dips of 14-week-old seedlings in 5 g procymidone/L reduced white rot in transplanted white globe onions. Procymidone concentrations of 0.05-50 g a.i./L applied for periods ranging from 2 s to 30 min had no effect on plant establishment in a glasshouse.

scholarly journals Seed Treatment Effects on Maize Seedlings Coinfected with Rhizoctonia solani and Pratylenchus penetrans

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. da Silva ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The roots of maize seedlings typically are attacked by a complex of organisms that includes fungal pathogens and plant-parasitic nematodes but few studies have examined the effects of these organisms in combination. Rhizoctonia solani can be an important component of the seedling disease complex; like other fungi, its effect on the plant may be influenced by the activity of nematodes such as the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans. In this study, we assessed the impact of seed treatments, including fungicide–nematicide combinations, on maize seedlings exposed to R. solani and P. penetrans alone or in combination. In growth-chamber and greenhouse experiments, seed treated with various active ingredient combinations were planted in an autoclaved sand-soil mixture with or without inoculum of R. solani. In some treatments, a suspension of P. penetrans adults and juveniles was added to the sand-soil mixture. In the greenhouse experiments, infection by R. solani caused dramatic reductions in root length, volume, surface area, and numbers of root tips and root forks, whereas P. penetrans infestation alone reduced only shoot fresh weight. Statistical interactions between the effects of the two organisms were not significant, although fungal infestation significantly reduced the numbers of nematodes extracted from roots. Seed treatments significantly improved most root development variables, and the combination that included four fungicides, thiamethoxam, and abamectin was the best treatment for most variables. Results were similar in the growth-chamber experiments, where R. solani caused significant reductions in nearly all shoot and root development measurements, and seed treatment with sedaxane, alone or combined with abamectin, consistently provided the best results. R. solani was more damaging to seedlings than P. penetrans, and the combination of the two organisms did not cause more damage than R. solani alone. Seed-treatment active ingredients that specifically targeted R. solani (sedaxane) and P. penetrans (abamectin) had large positive effects on seedling health, causing significant improvements in root and shoot growth and development compared with untreated seedlings exposed to these pathogens.

scholarly journals Influence of a thiamethoxam seed treatment on acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicide–induced injury to inbred and hybrid imidazolinone-resistant rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Steven M. Martin ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Jarrod Hardke ◽  
Gus M. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Potential Benefits

AbstractThe increased use of insecticide seed treatments in rice has raised many questions about the potential benefits of these products. In 2014 and 2015, a field experiment was conducted near Stuttgart and Lonoke, AR, to evaluate whether an insecticide seed treatment could possibly lessen injury from acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides in imidazolinone-resistant (IR) rice. Two IR cultivars were tested (a hybrid, ‘CLXL745’, and an inbred, ‘CL152’), with and without an insecticide seed treatment (thiamethoxam). Four different herbicide combinations were evaluated: a nontreated control, two applications of bispyribac-sodium (hereafter bispyribac), two applications of imazethapyr, and two applications of imazethapyr plus bispyribac. The first herbicide application was to two- to three-leaf rice, and the second immediately prior to flooding (one- to two-tiller). At both 2 and 4 wk after final treatment (WAFT), the sequential applications of imazethapyr or bispyribac plus imazethapyr were more injurious to CLXL745 than CL152. This increased injury led to decreased groundcover 3 WAFT. Rice treated with thiamethoxam was less injured than nontreated rice and had improved groundcover and greater canopy heights. Even with up to 32% injury, the rice plants recovered by the end of the growing season, and yields within a cultivar were similar with and without a thiamethoxam seed treatment across all herbicide treatments. Based on these results, thiamethoxam can partially protect rice from injury caused by ALS-inhibiting herbicides as well as increase groundcover and canopy height; that is, the injury to rice never negatively affected yield.

The Spiritual Evolution of Margarito Bautista

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Eastwood Pulido
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
The Third ◽  
Book Of Mormon ◽  
The World ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Mormon Church ◽  
Spiritual Conquest ◽  
The Church ◽  
The U.S

A spiritual biography, this book chronicles the journey of Margarito Bautista (1878–1961) from Mormonism to the Third Convention, a Latter-day Saint (Mormon) splinter group he fomented in 1935–1936, to Colonia Industrial/Nueva Jerusalén, a polygamist utopia Bautista founded in 1947. It argues that Bautista embraced Mormon belief in indigenous exceptionalism in 1901 and rapidly rose through the ranks of Mormon priesthood until convinced that the Mormon hierarchy was not invested in the development of native American peoples, as promoted in the Church’s canon. This realization resulted in tensions over indigenous self-governance within the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon Church) and Bautista’s 1937 excommunication. The book contextualizes Bautista’s thought with a chapter on the spiritual conquest of Mexico in 1513 and another on the arrival of Mormons in Mexico. In addition to accounts of Bautista’s congregation-building on both sides of the U.S. border, this volume includes an examination of Bautista’s magnum opus, a 564-page tome hybridizing Aztec history and Book of Mormon narratives, and his prophetic plan for the recovery of indigenous authority in the Americas. Bautista’s excommunication catapulted him into his final spiritual career, that of a utopian founder. In the establishment of his colony, Bautista found a religious home, free from Euro-American oversight, where he implemented his prophetic plan for Mexico’s redemption. His plan included obedience to early Mormonism’s most stringent practices, polygamy and communalism. Bautista nonetheless hoped his community would provide a model for Mexicans willing to prepare the world for Christ’s millennial reign.

Covert Action: United States Law in Substance, Process, and Practice

2010 ◽  
pp. 586-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Baker
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Legal Practice ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Covert Action ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Traditional Activity ◽  
The U.S

This article discusses covert action within the context of the U.S. law. The first section describes the main elements of the U.S. legal regime, including the definition of covert action and the “traditional activity” exceptions, the elements of a covert action finding, and the thresholds and requirements for congressional notification. The second section describes some of the significant limitations on the conduct of covert action. The third section discusses the nature of executive branch legal practice in this area of the law. And the last section draws conclusions about the role of national security law within the context of covert action.

Crystallex Int'l Corp. v. Bolivarian Rep. Venez. (3D Cir.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Benish
Keyword(s):  
United States Supreme Court ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Supreme ◽  
Decision To Leave ◽  
Court Of Appeals ◽  
The Third ◽  
To Come ◽  
Alter Ego ◽  
Oil Company ◽  
The U.S

On May 18, 2020, the United States Supreme Court denied a request by the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and its state-owned oil company, Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA), to review the merits of Crystallex Int'l Corp. v. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela, a decision by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. In Crystallex, the Third Circuit affirmed a trial court's determination that PDVSA is the “alter ego” of Venezuela itself, thus permitting Crystallex to enforce a $1.4 billion judgment against Venezuela by attaching property held in PDVSA's name. Given the Supreme Court's decision to leave the Third Circuit's opinion undisturbed, Crystallex is a significant decision that may affect parties involved in transnational litigation for years to come—especially those pursuing or defending against U.S. enforcement proceedings involving the property of foreign states.

Hubungan Alokasi Dana Amil dan Efektivitas Pengelolaan Zakat Dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Syariah pada Baznas Kota Bandar Lampung

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-610
Author(s):  
Indah Harum Rezeki ◽  
Muhammad Iqbal Fasa ◽  
A. Kumedi Ja’far
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Welfare And Poverty

Zakat is an act of worship contained in the pillars of Islam. In the pillars of Islam, tithing is in the third place after prayer. The management of zakat funds aims to increase the usability and efficiency of zakat which has an impact on the realization of justice, community welfare and poverty alleviation in the vicinity. The Amil Fund Allocation in Bandar Lampung City has increased from 2018-2020. In managing the allocation of amil funds, the greater the zakat collection, the greater the allocation of amil rights funds. The research conducted by the author is (Field Research), direct research is carried out in the field using respondent data. Zakat assets funds that occur in BAZNAS Bandar Lampung city have not been maximized for amil rights, because the collection that occurs at BAZNAS Bandar City funds infaq shodaqah is greater than zakat assets. Therefore, to fulfill amil rights, BAZNAS Bandar Lampung City uses infaq shodaqah funds to fulfill amil rights. Keywords: Amil Fund, Zakat Management, Sharia Economic Law

scholarly journals Chemical Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Goosegrass

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
H.K. TAKANO ◽  
R.S. OLIVEIRA JR. ◽  
J. CONSTANTIN ◽  
V.F.V. SILVA ◽  
R.R. MENDES
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Resistance Management ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Modes Of Action

ABSTRACT: The use of mixtures and rotation of herbicide modes of action are essential for herbicide resistance management. The purpose of this research was to evaluate different pre- and post-emergence herbicides to control goosegrass in soybean and corn. Four greenhouse experiments were conducted, one in pre-emergence and the three others in post-emergence. In pre-emergence, the number of emerged plants and the control percentage at 20, 35 and 50 days after application were evaluated. In post-emergence, the control percentage was evaluated at 14 and 28 days after application on plants with one tiller and four tillers. The use of residual herbicides to control glyphosate-resistant goosegrass is a very important tool for its effective management. The application stage is also crucial for post-emergence efficacy. Paraquat and [paraquat + diuron] are effective in controlling this species. The application of ACCase inhibiting herbicides alone seems to be more effective than their associations with glyphosate, especially in plants with four tillers. HPPD inhibiting herbicides have high synergism with atrazine and not with glyphosate.

scholarly journals Sulfentrazone efficiency on Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea quamoclit as influenced by rain and sugarcane straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M Correia ◽  
E.H Camilo ◽  
E.A Santos
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Simulated Rain ◽  
Rain Simulation

The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of sulfentrazone applied in pre-emergence in controlling Ipomoea hederifolia and Ipomoea quamoclit as a function of the time interval between herbicide application and the occurrence of rain, and the presence of sugarcane straw on the soil surface. Two greenhouse experiments and one field experiment were conducted. For the greenhouse experiments, the study included three doses of sulfentrazone applied by spraying 0, 0.6, and 0.9 kg ha-1, two amounts of straw on the soil (0 and 10 t ha-1), and five time intervals between the application of herbicide and rain simulation (0, 20, 40, 60, and 90 days). In the field experiment, five herbicide treatments (sulfentrazone at 0.6 and 0.9 kg ha-1, sulfentrazone + hexazinone at 0.6 + 0.25 kg ha-1, amicarbazone at 1.4 kg ha-1, and imazapic at 0.147 kg ha-1) and two controls with no herbicide were studied. Management conditions with or without sugarcane straw on the soil were also assessed. From the greenhouse experiments, sulfentrazone application at 0.6 kg ha-1 was found to provide for the efficient control of I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit in a dry environment, with up to 90 days between herbicide application and rain simulation. After herbicide application, 20 mm of simulated rain was enough to leach sulfentrazone from the straw to the soil, as the biological effects observed in I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit remained unaffected. Under field conditions, either with or without sugarcane straw left on the soil, sulfentrazone alone (0.6 or 0.9 kg ha-1) or sulfentrazone combined with hexazinone (0.6 + 0.25 kg ha-1) was effective in the control of I. hederifolia and I. quamoclit, exhibiting similar or better control than amicarbazone (1.4 kg ha-1) and imazapic (0.147 kg ha-1).

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