scholarly journals Influence of a thiamethoxam seed treatment on acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicide–induced injury to inbred and hybrid imidazolinone-resistant rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Steven M. Martin ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Jarrod Hardke ◽  
Gus M. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Potential Benefits

AbstractThe increased use of insecticide seed treatments in rice has raised many questions about the potential benefits of these products. In 2014 and 2015, a field experiment was conducted near Stuttgart and Lonoke, AR, to evaluate whether an insecticide seed treatment could possibly lessen injury from acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides in imidazolinone-resistant (IR) rice. Two IR cultivars were tested (a hybrid, ‘CLXL745’, and an inbred, ‘CL152’), with and without an insecticide seed treatment (thiamethoxam). Four different herbicide combinations were evaluated: a nontreated control, two applications of bispyribac-sodium (hereafter bispyribac), two applications of imazethapyr, and two applications of imazethapyr plus bispyribac. The first herbicide application was to two- to three-leaf rice, and the second immediately prior to flooding (one- to two-tiller). At both 2 and 4 wk after final treatment (WAFT), the sequential applications of imazethapyr or bispyribac plus imazethapyr were more injurious to CLXL745 than CL152. This increased injury led to decreased groundcover 3 WAFT. Rice treated with thiamethoxam was less injured than nontreated rice and had improved groundcover and greater canopy heights. Even with up to 32% injury, the rice plants recovered by the end of the growing season, and yields within a cultivar were similar with and without a thiamethoxam seed treatment across all herbicide treatments. Based on these results, thiamethoxam can partially protect rice from injury caused by ALS-inhibiting herbicides as well as increase groundcover and canopy height; that is, the injury to rice never negatively affected yield.

scholarly journals Evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Bhut JB ◽  
◽  
Jethva DM ◽  
Naggana R ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Seed Treatments

Field experiment on evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut was conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at farmers field. The nine insecticides evaluated as seed treatment against white grub infesting groundnut, the lowest per cent plant morality and number of grub/m2 was observed in treatment of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg. These treatments were produced 2329 and 2296 yield of pod, 3970 & 3780 kg/ha yield of halum, respectively. Increased in yield over control in these treatments was recorded 57.79 and 55.56 per cent in pod, 76.29 and 64.65 per cent in halum. Whereas avoidable yield loss recorded of these treatments was recorded 36.63 and 35.71 per cent in pod, 43.27 and 39.27 per cent in halum. However, the highest 1:28.32 NICRB was recorded in treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 30 ml a.i. /kg. The NICRB of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg were recorded 1:14.95 and 1:9.20, respectively. The evaluated insecticides had no adverse effect on seed germination

Growth and Seed Production of Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) Populations Resistant to Glyphosate, ALS-Inhibiting, and Multiple (Glyphosate + ALS-Inhibiting) Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vince M. Davis ◽  
Greg R. Kruger ◽  
Jeff M. Stachler ◽  
Mark M. Loux ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Southeastern Region

Horseweed populations with mixtures of biotypes resistant to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides as well as biotypes with multiple resistance to glyphosate + ALS-inhibiting herbicides have been documented in Indiana and Ohio. These biotypes are particularly problematic because ALS-inhibiting herbicides are commonly tank mixed with glyphosate to improve postemergence horseweed control in soybean. The objective of this research was to characterize the growth and seed production of horseweed populations with resistance to glyphosate or ALS-inhibiting herbicides, and multiple resistance to glyphosate + ALS-inhibiting herbicides. A four-herbicide by four-horseweed population factorial field experiment was conducted in the southeastern region of Indiana in 2007 and repeated in 2008. Four horseweed populations were collected from Indiana or Ohio and confirmed resistant to glyphosate, ALS inhibitors, both, or neither in greenhouse experiments. The four herbicide treatments were untreated, 0.84 kg ae ha−1glyphosate, 35 g ai ha−1cloransulam, and 0.84 kg ae ha−1glyphosate + 35 g ai ha−1cloransulam. Untreated plants from horseweed populations that were resistant to glyphosate, ALS-inhibiting, or multiple glyphosate + ALS-inhibiting herbicides produced similar amounts of biomass and seed compared to populations that were susceptible to those herbicides or combination of herbicides. Furthermore, aboveground shoot mass and seed production did not differ between treated and untreated plants.

scholarly journals Impact of postemergence herbicides on soybean injury and canopy formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-734
Author(s):  
Grant L. Priess ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Trenton L. Roberts ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

AbstractField studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Arkansas to evaluate the injury caused by herbicides on soybean canopy formation and yield. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron alone and in combination with glufosinate were applied to glufosinate-resistant soybean at the V2 growth stage. Soybean injury resulting from these labeled herbicide treatments ranged from 9% to 25% at 2 wk after application. This level of injury resulted in a 4-, 5-, 6-, and 6-d delay in soybean reaching 80% groundcover following fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron, respectively. There was a 2-d delay in soybean reaching a canopy volume of 15,000 cm3 following each of the four herbicide treatments. The addition of glufosinate to the herbicide applications resulted in longer delays in canopy formation with every herbicide treatment except glufosinate + fomesafen. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron, each applied with glufosinate, delayed soybean from reaching 80% groundcover by 2, 7, 8, and 9 d, respectively, and delayed the number of days for soybean to reach a canopy volume of 15,000 cm3 by 2, 3, 2, and 2 d, respectively. No yield loss occurred with any herbicide application. A delay in percent groundcover in soybean allows sunlight to reach the soil surface for longer periods throughout the growing season, possibly promoting late-season weed germination and the need for an additional POST herbicide application.

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control with Imazethapyr and Haloxyfop in Conventional and Vertical-tilled Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector J. Tassara ◽  
Jose Santoro ◽  
Mircza C. De Seiler ◽  
Esteban Bojanich ◽  
Claudio Rubione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Measuring Frequency

Field studies in conventional and vertical-tilled soybeans were conducted in 1992/93 and 1993/94 at four locations in Argentina to compare the efficacy of imazethapyr and haloxyfop for johnsongrass control. Control was evaluated by measuring frequency of johnsongrass-infested areas at the beginning of the 1992/93 and 1993/94 growing seasons. Relative johnsongrass leaf area and number of rhizome phytomers within infested areas also was evaluated. Herbicide application reduced frequency of infested areas in the 1992/93 growing season. Frequency of infested areas increased in check plots. No differences were found among herbicide treatments, suggesting that the effect of imazethapyr was as high as that observed for specific graminicides. Reduction in frequency of infested areas caused by herbicide treatments was accompanied to some extent by a decrease in intensity of infestation within infested patches assessed by measuring johnsongrass relative leaf area. Phytomer population levels, on the other hand, were reduced only after two consecutive years of herbicide application. No differences were found among herbicide treatments in terms of impact on both measures of weed abundance. Johnsongrass responded similarly to all treatments regardless of tillage system.

Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) Control in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Clover (Trifoliumsp.) Pastures with Mixtures of 2,4-D and Picloram

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Beeler ◽  
G. Neil Rhodes ◽  
Gary E. Bates ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Solanum Carolinense ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Early Flower

Herbicide treatments (4:1 ratio of 2,4-D amine:picloram) at 0.7 and 1.4 kg ae/ha at early postemergence (10- to 15-cm horsenettle height), midpostemergence (early flower), and late postemergence (fruit initiation) applied both early and late in the growing season provided >80% horsenettle control. Horsenettle density at season's end in all treated plots was less than 0.25 stems/m2, whereas untreated plots contained about 5 stems/m2. Horsenettle control the next spring was between 47 and 66% for all rates and application timings, and horsenettle density in treated plots was less than 3 stems/m2as opposed to about 6 stems/m2in the untreated plots. Clover drilled into the treated area the year after herbicide application was injured, indicating clover establishment the season after application of this package mixture would be difficult.

ALS-Inhibiting Herbicide Seed Treatments Control Striga hermonthica in ALS-Modified Corn (Zea mays)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 704-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana K. Berner ◽  
Felix O. Ikie ◽  
Jerry M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicide ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Parasitic Weed

Seed treatments with two acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, the sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron and the imidazolinone herbicide imazaquin, controlled the parasitic weed Striga hermonthica in corn. The XA-17 gene in ALS-modified P3180IR corn strongly reduced corn injury from herbicide seed treatments while another ALS modification was not effective. Combining seed treatment of ALS-inhibiting herbicides and ALS-modified corn with the XA-17 gene may offer a practical means for African growers to control Striga hermonthica.

scholarly journals Insecticide Seed Treatments Partially Safen Rice to Low Rates of Glyphosate and Imazethapyr

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 520-525
Author(s):  
Steven M. Martin ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Jarrod Hardke ◽  
Gus M. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rice Yield ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Added Benefit ◽  
Multiple Field

AbstractEach year there are multiple reports of drift occurrences, and the majority of drift complaints in rice are from imazethapyr or glyphosate. In 2014 and 2015, multiple field experiments were conducted near Stuttgart, AR, and near Lonoke, AR, to evaluate whether insecticide seed treatments would reduce injury from glyphosate or imazethapyr drift or decrease the recovery time following exposure to a low rate of these herbicides. Study I was referred to as the “seed treatment study,” and Study II was the “drift timing study.” In the seed treatment study the conventional rice cultivar ‘Roy J’ was planted, and herbicide treatments included imazethapyr at 10.5 g ai ha–1, glyphosate at 126 g ae ha–1, or no herbicide. Each plot had either a seed treatment of thiamethoxam, clothianidin, chlorantraniliprole, or no insecticide seed treatment. The herbicides were applied at the two- to three-leaf growth stage. Crop injury was assessed 1, 3, and 5 wk after application. Averaged over site-years, thiamethoxam-treated rice had less injury than rice with no insecticide seed treatment at each rating, along with an increased yield. Clothianidin-treated rice had an increased yield over no insecticide seed treatment, but the reduction in injury for both herbicides was less pronounced than in the thiamethoxam-treated plots. Overall, chlorantraniliprole was generally the least effective of the three insecticides in reducing injury from either herbicide and in protecting rice yield potential. A second experiment conducted at Stuttgart, AR, was meant to determine whether damage to rice from glyphosate and imazethapyr was influenced by the timing (15, 30, and 45 d after planting) of exposure to herbicides for thiamethoxam-treated and nontreated rice. There was an overall reduction in injury with the use of thiamethoxam, but the reduction in injury was not dependent on the timing of the drift event. Reduction in damage from physical drift of glyphosate and imazethapyr as well as increased yields over the absence of an insecticide seed treatment appear to be an added benefit.

scholarly journals Yield of subterranean clover after post-emergence herbicide application for broadleaf weed control

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Breanna J. O. Taylor ◽  
Rainer W. Hofmann ◽  
Derrick J. Moot
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Trifoliate Leaf ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Rumex Obtusifolius ◽  
Herbage Yield

A field experiment was established in Lincoln, Canterbury in autumn 2018 to evaluate the effect of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides on subterraneun (sub) clover. Two herbicides, imazethapyr and flumetsulam, were applied to seven sub clover cultivars at the 4-5 trifoliate leaf stage during July 2018. By December 2018, both herbicides had reduced the broadleaf weed yield by 1000 kg DM/ha. Sub clover herbage yield in spring (3 Oct 2018) increased only for ‘Antas’ and ‘Napier’ cultivars but all cultivars had an increase in total annual herbage yield when herbicides were applied. Plots were managed for seed set so re-establishment was examined. Imazethapyr had a longer residual than flumetsulam with greater control of broad-leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) eight months after application. Herbicide application had no effect on subsequent sub clover emergence the following year. This experiment demonstrated the potential to establish a pure sward of sub clover with the use of ALS inhibiting herbicides, which could be used to create a high legume base in pasture before overdrilling grass the following year.

scholarly journals Investigations of 2,4-d-resistant waterhemp and seed treatment and herbicide interactions in soybean

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Blake Remington Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
The Third ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
The U.S

Field research experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 in Missouri to determine whether interactions are present between herbicides sprayed prior to planting and seed treatments in soybean. Two varieties of soybean were chosen, one that was known to be tolerant to the herbicides sprayed and one that was known to be sensitive to these herbicides. Each of these soybean varieties were treated with a commonly used seed treatment and sprayed with three commonly used herbicides. The results of these experiments indicate that there were larger interactions present between herbicides and varieties than herbicides and seed treatments or seed treatments and varieties. Greenhouse and field research experiments were conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate a waterhemp population with suspected resistance to multiple herbicides including 2,4-D. Results form the field experiment suggested resistance to six of the eight herbicides screened. The only two herbicides that had effective control were dicamba and glufosinate. Greenhouse experiments confirmed the waterhemp population to be resistant to 2,4-D, atrazine, chlorimuron, fomesafen, glyphosate, and mesotrione making this population the third 2,4-D-resistant waterhemp population identified in the U.S., and the first population resistant to six different herbicidal modes of action.

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

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