Diagnosing Herbicide Injury in Peanut

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Morichetti ◽  
J. A. Ferrell ◽  
Pratap Devkota
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Action Groups

This 9-page publication aims to provide information on peanut injury symptoms related to various herbicide modes of action and help in identifying general injury symptoms associated with certain herbicide mode of action groups. Written by S. Morichetti, J. Ferrell, and P. Devkota, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised April 2020. Original Publication: Morichetti, S., and Jason Ferrell. 2010. “Diagnosing Herbicide Injury in Peanut”. EDIS 2010 (4). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/118669.

scholarly journals Fungicide Resistance Action Committee's (FRAC) Classification Scheme of Fungicides According to Mode of Action

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2006 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Cross Reference

This guide addresses resistance to pesticides and describes the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee's (FRAC) classification of fungicides and bactericides registered for use in Florida by their modes of action. A cross reference of active ingredient common names with corresponding examples of their trade names is also provided.  This document is PI-94, one of a series of the Pesticide Information Office, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date January 2006. PI94/PI131: Fungicide Resistance Action Committee's (FRAC) Classification Scheme of Fungicides According to Mode of Action (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals IRAC's Insecticide Mode of Action Classification

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2005 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick M. Fishel
Keyword(s):  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Action Classification ◽  
Modes Of Action

This guide explains the rationale behind the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee's (IRAC) insecticide and acaricide mode of action classification and provides a listing of those insecticide common names with their groupings, and primary modes of action for insecticides currently registered in Florida. This document is PI-83, one of a series of the Agronomy Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date October 2005. PI-83/PI121: IRAC's Insecticide Mode of Action Classification (ufl.edu)

scholarly journals The use of valinomycin, nigericin and trichlorocarbanilide in control of the protonmotive force in Escherichia coli cells

1983 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ahmed ◽  
I R Booth
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Ph Gradient ◽  
Protonmotive Force ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Escherichia Coli Cells ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High K ◽  
Specific Control

Valinomycin, nigericin and trichlorocarbanilide were assessed for their ability to control the protonmotive force in Escherichia coli cells. Valinomycin, at high K+ concentrations, was found to decrease the membrane potential delta phi and indirectly to decrease the pH gradient delta pH. Nigericin was found to have two modes of action. At low concentrations (0.05-2 microM) it carried out K+/H+ exchange and decreased delta pH. At higher concentrations (50 microM) it carried out a K+-dependent transfer of H+, decreasing both delta phi and delta pH. In EDTA-treated cells only the latter mode of action was evident, whereas in a mutant sensitive to deoxycholate both types of effect were observed. Trichlorocarbanilide is proposed as an alternative to nigericin for the specific control of delta pH, and it can be used in cells not treated with EDTA.

Pharmacology of TMS measures

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulf Ziemann
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Multiple Modes ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cortical Physiology ◽  
Chronic Drug Effects

This article discusses various aspects of the pharmacology of transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) measures. TMS measures reflect axonal, or excitatory or inhibitory synaptic excitability in distinct interneuron circuits. TMS measures can be employed to study the effects of a drug with unknown or multiple modes of action, and hence to determine its main mode of action at the systems level of the motor cortex. TMS experiments can also study acute drug effects that may be different from chronic drug effects. TMS or repetitive TMS may induce changes in endogenous neurotransmitter or neuromodulator systems. This allows for the study of neurotransmission along defined neuronal projections in health and disease. This article describes pharmacological experiments that have characterized the physiology of TMS measures of motor cortical excitability. Pharmacological challenging of TMS measures has opened a broad window into human cortical physiology.

scholarly journals Further Characterization ofBacillus subtilisAntibiotic Biosensors and Their Use for Antibacterial Mode-of-Action Studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1784-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine R. Mariner ◽  
Nicola Ooi ◽  
Deborah Roebuck ◽  
Alex J. O'Neill ◽  
Ian Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Rna Polymerase ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Trna Synthetase ◽  
Dna Intercalators ◽  
Peptidoglycan Synthesis ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Polymerase Inhibitors

ABSTRACTWe further examined the usefulness of previously reportedBacillus subtilisbiosensors for antibacterial mode-of-action studies. The biosensors could not detect the tRNA synthetase inhibitors mupirocin, indolmycin, and borrelidin, some inhibitors of peptidoglycan synthesis, and most membrane-damaging agents. However, the biosensors confirmed the modes of action of several RNA polymerase inhibitors and DNA intercalators and provided new insights into the possible modes of action of ciprofloxacin, anhydrotetracycline, corralopyronin, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and juglone.

scholarly journals Different Modes of Action of Naphthyridones in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed T. Buurman ◽  
Kenneth D. Johnson ◽  
Roxanne K. Kelly ◽  
Kathy MacCormack
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Modes Of Action

ABSTRACT Naphthyridones that were recently described as a class of translation inhibitors in gram-positive bacteria mediate their mode of action via GyrA in Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli. These are the first examples of compounds in which modes of action in different bacterial pathogens are mediated through widely different targets.

scholarly journals Measuring thousands of single vesicle leakage events reveals the mode of action of antimicrobial peptides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kareem Al Nahas ◽  
Marcus Fletcher ◽  
Katharine Hammond ◽  
Christian Nehls ◽  
Jehangir Cama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Single Vesicle

Host defense or antimicrobial peptides hold promise for providing new pipelines of effective antimicrobial agents. Their activity quantified against model phospholipid membranes is fundamental to a detailed understanding of their structure-activity relationships. However, existing characterization assays lack the resolution necessary to achieve this insight. Leveraging a highly parallelized microfluidic platform for trapping and studying thousands of giant unilamellar vesicles, we conducted quantitative long-term microscopy studies to monitor the membrane-disruptive activity of archetypal antimicrobial peptides with a high spatiotemporal resolution. We described the modes of action of these peptides via measurements of the disruption of the vesicle population under the conditions of continuous peptide dosing using a range of concentrations, and related the observed modes with the molecular activity mechanisms of these peptides. The study offers an effective approach for characterizing membrane-targeting antimicrobial agents in a standardized manner, and for assigning specific modes of action to the corresponding antimicrobial mechanisms.

scholarly journals The Symptoms of Herbicidal Action: The Case of Aclonifen

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Özgür Kıvılcım Kılınç
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Indirect Consequence ◽  
Accurate Observation ◽  
Current Report

The symptoms which were directly bound to the biochemical mode of action of an herbicide, other symptoms result from an indirect consequence of this action. The symptoms of herbicidal action deeply differed and that the climatic factors during the two first weeks after treatment could change definitely the result of the selective herbicide action. The repetitive observation of symptoms allows to inform the farmer about the tolerance or resistance of certain plant species, including the culture, for instance through the appearance of symptoms on the first leaves of the seedlings and their absence in the following leaves. As a whole, the accurate observation of herbicidal symptoms on plants is the essential, rapid and non-expensive analysis of treatment effectiveness at the field scale. The purpose of the current report is to describe the symptoms of a very complex herbicidal action, that of aclonifen involving two modes of action for the same molecule, approximately at the same concentration, and to compare these symptoms under field conditions and under controlled conditions, for a better understanding.

scholarly journals Cross-resistance of the pathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata to fungicides with different modes of action

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Na Yang ◽  
Meng-Han He ◽  
Hai-Bing Ouyang ◽  
Wen Zhu ◽  
Zhe-Chao Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Antimicrobial Compound ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Sole Criterion

Abstract Background: Cross-resistance, a phenomenon that a pathogen resists to one antimicrobial compound also resists to one or several other compounds, is one of major threats to human health and sustainable food production. It usually occurs among antimicrobial compounds sharing the mode of action. In this study, we determined the sensitivity profiles of Alternaria alternata , a fungal pathogen which can cause diseases in many crops to two fungicides (mancozeb and difenoconazole) with different mode of action using a large number of isolates (234) collected from seven potato fields across China. Results: We found that pathogens could also develop cross resistance to fungicides with different modes of action as indicated by a strong positive correlation between mancozeb and difenoconazole tolerances to A. alternata . We also found a positive association between mancozeb tolerance and aggressiveness of A. alternata , suggesting no fitness penalty of developing mancozeb resistance in the pathogen and hypothesize that mechanisms such as antimicrobial compound efflux and detoxification that limit intercellular accumulation of natural/synthetic chemicals in pathogens might account for the cross-resistance and the positive association between pathogen aggressiveness and mancozeb tolerance. Conclusions: The detection of cross-resistance among different classes of fungicides suggests that the mode of action alone may not be an adequate sole criterion to determine what components to use in the mixture and/or rotation of fungicides in agricultural and medical sects. Similarly, the observation of a positive association between the pathogen’s aggressiveness and tolerance to mancozeb suggests that intensive application of site non-specific fungicides might simultaneously lead to reduced fungicide resistance and enhanced ability to cause diseases in pathogen populations, thereby posing a greater threat to agricultural production and human health. In this case, the use of evolutionary principles in closely monitoring populations and the use of appropriate fungicide applications are important for effective use of the fungicides and durable infectious disease management.

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