scholarly journals Sampling Guidelines and Recommendations for Submitting Samples for Diagnosing Laurel Wilt in Avocado Trees (Persea americana L.)

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Henry Crane ◽  
Romina Gazis ◽  
Jeff Wasielewski ◽  
Daniel Carrillo ◽  
Bruce Schaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Laurel Wilt ◽  
Root Grafts ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

Laurel wilt (LW) is a vascular disease caused by a fungal pathogen transmitted to avocado trees by several ambrosia beetle species and through root grafts among adjacent avocado trees. A critical part of preventing and controlling plant diseases is determining the causal agent so that the appropriate management practices can be implemented to eradicate or contain the outbreak. Proper sampling is a critical step in disease diagnosis and in the determination of the causal agent of disease. This new 3-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department was written by Jonathan Crane, Romina Gazis, Jeff Wasielewski, Daniel Carrillo, Bruce Schaffer, Fredy Ballen, and Edward Evans.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1394

scholarly journals Agri-dogs: Using Canines for Earlier Detection of Laurel Wilt Disease Affecting Avocado Trees in South Florida

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Mendel ◽  
Christina Burns ◽  
Beatrice Kallifatidis ◽  
Edward Evans ◽  
Jonathan Crane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Persea Americana ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Laurel Wilt ◽  
Raffaelea Lauricola ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Fungal Partner ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Redbay Ambrosia Beetle

The invasive redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus) was first detected in Savannah, GA, in 2002. This tiny beetle and its symbiotic fungal partner (Raffaelea lauricola) have led to one of the most devastating new plant diseases in recent times affecting laurel trees (Lauraceae), laurel wilt. In Florida, this devastating disease has also affected the agriculturally important avocado (Persea americana), and once symptoms are visible (i.e., wilting leaves), it is too late to save the infected tree. However, prophylactic systemic treatment with propiconazole can protect the trees from the disease for ≈12 months. This study evaluated the novel approach of using scent-discriminating canines (Canis familiaris) trained on the volatiles of laurel wilt pathogen as a proactive management tool for grove owners. Canine deployments in groves resulted in the detection of 265 presymptomatic avocado trees during two trials. In trial 1, 155 presymptomatic trees were treated with propiconazole and, over the subsequent 14-month monitoring period, 97% remained asymptomatic. In trial 2, the canines detected 100 presymptomatic trees that were not subsequently treated and 22 progressed to wilt within 2–5 weeks, and the remaining trees were removed, thus halting the observation period at 6 weeks. The canines have proven to be an effective proactive management tool.

Determination of factors involved in the rejection of bananas (Musa acuminata) intended for international commercialization

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Musa Acuminata ◽  
P Value ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Export Sector ◽  
Export System

The banana agro-export sector in Ecuador provides millions of dollars in income for this concept, but with this development, a series of quality standards have been established that must be met to enter the export system. This has contributed to establishing good post-harvest production and management practices that guarantee the optimal production of bananas and plantains. The objective of this study was to determine the factors involved in the rejection of bananas (Musa acuminata) destined for international commercialization. The methodology considered the design modality of non-experimental transactional research, with a quantitative approach. The methodological design was developed in three phases at Finca 6 Hermanas located in the Barraganete sector of the San Juan parish in the Puebloviejo canton of the Los Ríos Province, Ecuador. The results highlight that the main causes for which banana rejection is generated are due to abiotic factors (damage, dry latex, scar, insect damage, broken neck, overgrowth) in a higher percentage of 79.55 % and biotic factors ( twins, diseases, short finger) by 20.45 %. The average rejection was 6 361 fingers and1 269 Kilograms (K) over the 6-week study duration. The analysis of variance turned out to be significant for variable 1 (biotic and abiotic). Ho is rejected; with the criterion of p-value < 0.0001 and F (9; 45) = 2.10., F = 13.17> F critic. In the case of variable (2) “work weeks”, Ho is accepted with the criteria obtained of p-value of 0.7694 and F (5; 45) = 2.4., As F = 0.51 < F critic, it is concludes, that with a significance level of 5% the null hypothesis is accepted. It is concluded that these figures lead to the elaboration of strategies that systemically mitigate the damages, by correcting each one of the causes that cause the deterioration of the banana and increasing the economic gains of the commercialization process.

scholarly journals Isolation and efficacy of two bacterial strains antagonists of Erwinia amylovora and Pectobacterium carotovorum

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M’hamed BENADA ◽  
Boualem BOUMAAZA ◽  
Sofiane BOUDALIA ◽  
Omar KHALADI
Keyword(s):  
Fire Blight ◽  
Erwinia Amylovora ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Bacterial Strains

Abstract Background The development of ecofriendly tools against plant diseases is an important issue in crop protection. Screening and selection process of bacterial strains antagonists of 2 pathogenic bacterial species that limit very important crops, Erwinia amylovora, the causal agent of the fire blight disease, and Pectobacterium carotovorum, the causal agent of bacterial potato soft rot, were reported. Bacterial colonies were isolated from different ecological niches, where both pathogens were found: rhizosphere of potato tubers and fruits and leaves of pear trees from the northwest region of Algeria. Direct and indirect confrontation tests against strains of E. amylovora and P. carotovorum were performed. Results Results showed a significant antagonistic activity against both phytopathogenic species, using direct confrontation method and supernatants of cultures (p<0.005). In vitro assays showed growth inhibitions of both phytopathogenic species. Furthermore, results revealed that the strains of S. plymuthica had a better inhibitory effect than the strains of P. fluorescens against both pathogens. In vivo results on immature pear fruits showed a significant decrease in the progression of the fire blight symptoms, with a variation in the infection index from one antagonistic strain to another between 31.3 and 50%, and slice of potato showed total inhibition of the pathogen (P. carotovorum) by the antagonistic strains of Serratia plymuthica (p<0.005). Conclusion This study highlighted that the effective bacteria did not show any infection signs towards plant tissue, and considered as a potential strategy to limit the fire blight and soft rot diseases.

scholarly journals 2017 publication guidelines for structural modelling of small-angle scattering data from biomolecules in solution: an update

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 710-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Trewhella ◽  
Anthony P. Duff ◽  
Dominique Durand ◽  
Frank Gabel ◽  
J. Mitchell Guss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Angle ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Small Angle Scattering ◽  
Scattering Data ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Angle Scattering ◽  
Publication Guidelines ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations

In 2012, preliminary guidelines were published addressing sample quality, data acquisition and reduction, presentation of scattering data and validation, and modelling for biomolecular small-angle scattering (SAS) experiments. Biomolecular SAS has since continued to grow and authors have increasingly adopted the preliminary guidelines. In parallel, integrative/hybrid determination of biomolecular structures is a rapidly growing field that is expanding the scope of structural biology. For SAS to contribute maximally to this field, it is essential to ensure open access to the information required for evaluation of the quality of SAS samples and data, as well as the validity of SAS-based structural models. To this end, the preliminary guidelines for data presentation in a publication are reviewed and updated, and the deposition of data and associated models in a public archive is recommended. These guidelines and recommendations have been prepared in consultation with the members of the International Union of Crystallography (IUCr) Small-Angle Scattering and Journals Commissions, the Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) Small-Angle Scattering Validation Task Force and additional experts in the field.

Disease severity and ecophysiology of rootstock/scion combinations of different avocado (Persea americana Mill.) genotypes in response to laurel wilt

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 110250
Author(s):  
Raiza Castillo-Argaez ◽  
Joshua L. Konkol ◽  
Ana I. Vargas ◽  
Randy C. Ploetz ◽  
Bruce Schaffer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Laurel Wilt

scholarly journals Laurel Wilt: Current and Potential Impacts and Possibilities for Prevention and Management

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Rabiu O. Olatinwo ◽  
Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽  
Albert E. Mayfield
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Laurel Wilt ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
Raffaelea Lauricola ◽  
Redbay Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, outbreaks of nonnative invasive insects and pathogens have caused significant levels of tree mortality and disturbance in various forest ecosystems throughout the United States. Laurel wilt, caused by the pathogen Raffaelea lauricola (T.C. Harr., Fraedrich and Aghayeva) and the primary vector, the redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff), is a nonnative pest-disease complex first reported in the southeastern United States in 2002. Since then, it has spread across eleven southeastern states to date, killing hundreds of millions of trees in the plant family Lauraceae. Here, we examine the impacts of laurel wilt on selected vulnerable Lauraceae in the United States and discuss management methods for limiting geographic expansion and reducing impact. Although about 13 species belonging to the Lauraceae are indigenous to the United States, the highly susceptible members of the family to laurel wilt are the large tree species including redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng) and sassafras (Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees), with a significant economic impact on the commercial production of avocado (Persea americana Mill.), an important species native to Central America grown in the United States. Preventing new introductions and mitigating the impact of previously introduced nonnative species are critically important to decelerate losses of forest habitat, genetic diversity, and overall ecosystem value.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae, a Causal Agent of Cercospora Leaf Blight on Soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Albu ◽  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Burton H. Bluhm ◽  
Paul P. Price ◽  
Raymond W. Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Agricultural Commodities

ABSTRACT Cercospora cf. sigesbeckiae is an ascomycete fungal pathogen that infects various plants, including important agricultural commodities, such as soybean. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence and assembly of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Fungicidal management of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex J.D. Hook)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipak T. Nagrale ◽  
Anil P. Gaikwad ◽  
Sanjay Goswami ◽  
Lalan Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Bordeaux Mixture ◽  
Gerbera Jamesonii ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Blight Disease

Alternaria, the fungal pathogen has wide host range generally attacks the aerial parts of plants causing leaf spots and blights. Gerbera is a genus of ornamental flower plants. Gerbera plants are infected by many diseases. Different disease management practices are adopted in gerbera cultivation. The fungicidal management of Alternaria blight is one of the important strategies for the disease management in gerbera in polyhouse condition. In this study, preventive and curative fungicidal sprays were adopted for the management of blight disease in polyhouse. This study revealed that preventive fungicidal sprays were significant over curative fungicidal sprays for the management of Alternaria alternata blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex J.D. Hook) in polyhouse. The preventive sprays made of Bordeaux mixture (0.6 %), tricyclazole (0.1%) and iprodione + carbendazim (0.1%) fungicides were found effective with 95.85 %, 96.59 % and 95.88 % disease control respectively, under polyhouse condition.

Raffaelea lauricola (laurel wilt).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Fraedrich
Keyword(s):  
Solid Wood ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
South Florida ◽  
Florida Current ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Laurel Wilt ◽  
Southeastern Usa ◽  
Raffaelea Lauricola ◽  
Redbay Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
The Usa

Abstract Laurel wilt is responsible for the death of hundreds of millions of redbay (Persea borbonia sensu lato) trees throughout the southeastern USA, and the disease is also having significant effects on other species such as sassafras (Sassafras albidum) in natural ecosystems and avocado (Persea americana) in commercial production areas of south Florida. Laurel wilt is caused by the pathogen Raffaelea lauricola, a fungal symbiont of the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Thus far, the disease is confined to members of the Lauraceae that are native to the USA, or native to such places as the Caribbean, Central America and Europe and grown in the USA. The beetle and fungus are native to Asia and were likely introduced with untreated solid wood packing material at Port Wentworth, Georgia in the early 2000s. Since that time laurel wilt has spread rapidly in the coastal plains of the southeastern USA, spreading north into central North Carolina, as far west as Texas, and reaching the southernmost counties of Florida. Current models suggest that X. glabratus can tolerate temperature conditions that occur throughout much of the eastern USA, and so the disease threatens sassafras throughout much of this region. The disease poses a threat to lauraceous species indigenous to other areas of the Americas as well as Europe and Africa.

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