scholarly journals Use of Recycled Potting Medium for Containerized Production of Squash

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Dorval ◽  
Riphine Mainviel ◽  
Vincent Michael ◽  
Yuqing Fu ◽  
Bala Rathinasabapathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Water ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Cost Cutting ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media

Vegetable growers are keen on cost-cutting measures to increase profitability. Containerized vegetable production can be done in a shade-house or garden, and it often requires commercial potting media. Although expensive, potting media are lightweight and provide high water- and nutrient-holding capacities, and thus they are widely used by growers. Growers often discard or compost the potting media after a single season due to issues such as diseases, pests, and weeds. However, old potting media could be reused for containerized production if appropriately sterilized and amended with fertilizer salts. The current study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using sterilized recycled potting medium amended with fertilizer salts for containerized production of squash. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department was written by Marie Dorval, Riphine Mainviel, Vincent Michael, Yuqing Fu, Bala Rathinasabapathi, and Geoffrey Meru.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1404

Leaching of Oxyfluorfen in Container Media

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menashe Horowitz ◽  
Clyde L. Elmore
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Leaching Experiments

Bentgrass was used to bioassay oxyfluorfen in leaching experiments done in columns of soilless potting media and soils, with herbicide incorporated into the upper 2 to 4 cm. Depth of herbicide leaching increased in order in the following soils: peat and sand (1:1) mix, Stockton clay soil, Yolo fine sandy loam soil, and redwood bark and sand (3:1) mix. Depth of leaching was not related to soil organic matter content. Equilibration experiments showed that peat adsorbed 4 to 5 times more oxyfluorfen than redwood bark. Less leaching was observed in potting mixtures containing peat than bark. Raising the oxyfluorfen dose from 20 to 200 ppmw increased the depth of leaching and concentration of herbicide in the leachate, while a 10-fold increase in water volume had only a limited effect. Twenty ppmw of oxyfluorfen incorporated in the top of a peat-containing potting medium has a low risk of leaching out of the container.

scholarly journals Root and Stem Infection of Rhododendron from Potting Medium Infested with Phytophthora ramorum

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Parke ◽  
C. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Stem Infection ◽  
Splash Dispersal ◽  
Hair Roots ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Transmit Disease

Phytophthora ramorum has been detected in soil and potting media, but the potential for root infections is not fully understood. To determine whether the root system could become infected and transmit disease, rhododendron ‘Nova Zembla’ plants grown from rooted cuttings and native Pacific rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum) plants grown from seed were transplanted into a potting medium artificially infested with P. ramorum. Inoculum consisted of V8-brothvermiculite cultures of P. ramorum, chopped infected leaves, or zoospores. Plants were watered from the bottom to prevent splash dispersal of inoculum onto stems and foliage. Both infested amendments and applications of zoospores resulted in plant mortality within 3 to 7 weeks. P. ramorum was isolated from hair roots, large roots, and stems above and below the potting medium surface. Noninoculated control plants remained healthy and did not yield P. ramorum. Epifluorescence microscopy of tissue culture plantlets inoculated in vitro revealed attraction of zoospores to wounds and root primordia, and colonization of the cortex and vascular tissues of roots and stems, including the xylem. Transmission of P. ramorum from infested potting media to stems via infected, symptomless root tissue demonstrates the need to monitor potting media for presence of the pathogen to prevent spread of P. ramorum on nursery stock.

Iron-phosphorus interactions in the nutrition of seedling macadamia in organic potting media

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Handreck
Keyword(s):  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Single Superphosphate ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Shoot Quality

Macadamia integrifolia cv. Keauhou seedlings were grown in an organic potting medium based on ground pine bark and peat and of pH 5.9. Interactive effects of iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) on shoot growth and quality were studied by amending the medium with single superphosphate to provide 0-240 mg P/L, and either FeSO4.7H2O at 0-3 g/L or FeEDDHA at 0.1-0.4 g/L. Shoots of all seedlings, except those at the highest levels of ferrous sulfate with low P addition, were chlorotic, with symptoms typical of Fe deficiency. Shoot quality, as judged by degree of chlorosis, was correlated with Fe concentrations in unbuffered DTPA (1:1.5 by volume) and double acid (DA) (1:5 by volume) extracts of the media (r2 = 0.683 and 0.688), poorly correlated with P concentrations in these extracts (r2 = 0.284 and 0.289), and highly correlated with concentrations of both Fe and P in the regression equation (r2 = 0.845 and 0.865). Shoot quality was not as well correlated with Fe and P in ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) extracts. Optimum shoot quality was achieved in media (pH 5.9) whose DTPA, DA and NH4OAc extracts contained 2-9, 1.54 and 2-4 mg P/L and at least 60, 15 and 0.43 mg Fe/L, respectively. Leaf chlorosis did not occur if the Fe : P ratios of the extracts were >4.5, >1.7 and >0.02, respectively.

scholarly journals Eradication of Phytophthora ramorum and Other Pathogens from Potting Medium or Soil by Treatment with Aerated Steam or Fumigation with Metam Sodium

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Linderman ◽  
E.A. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Infected Plant ◽  
Selective Medium ◽  
Phytophthora Ramorum ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Pythium Irregulare ◽  
Metam Sodium ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

Phytophthora ramorum survived in potting media infested with sporangia or chlamydospores, allowing the pathogen to remain undetected while disseminated geographically. Chlamydospores or oospores of P. ramorum, Pythium irregulare, Thielaviopsis basicola, and Cylindrocladium scoparium produced in vermiculite culture were used to infest potting media. Infested media in plastic plug flats were treated with aerated steam mixtures from 45 to 70 °C for 30 min. In a second experiment, infested media were fumigated in polyethylene bags with a concentration series of metam sodium ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mL·L−1. Survival of the pathogens was determined by selective baiting or direct plating the infested media on PARP selective medium. Assays indicated that all pathogens in the infested potting media were killed by aerated steam heat treatments of 50 °C or higher. Metam sodium concentrations of 1.0 mL·L−1 of medium or greater also eradicated all pathogens from the potting medium and soil. These results show that aerated steam treatment or fumigation with metam sodium can effectively sanitize soil-less potting media infested with P. ramorum or other soilborne pathogens, as well as P. ramorum-infested soil beneath infected plant containers. In addition, steam treatments to 70 °C did not melt plastic plug trays.

Cocos nucifera (coconut).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
High Water ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
General Utility ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Rich Liquid ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Natural Dispersal

Abstract C. nucifera is believed to have originated in the Indo-Malayan to Western Pacific region (Parrotta, 1993) and is now of pan-tropical distribution, mainly the result of cultivation for its nuts and by natural dispersal by the oceans. It can be cultivated up to an elevation of 1200 m near the equator or 900 m at higher latitudes (Moistero, 1978), with annual rainfall of 700-5000 mm but growth and fruit production are reduced at the extremes (Parrotta, 1993). Commercial production of coconuts is mainly concentrated in low coastal lands. It prefers deep, fertile and adequately drained soils at pH 5.5-6.5, with either a high water-table or continually replenished surface soil moisture (Francis and Liogier, 1991; PCARRD, 1993). Generally, C. nucifera is propagated from seeds (the nuts), which take 8-10 weeks to germinate and 30 weeks to reach planting-out size. It is intolerant of shade, self-pruning, highly resistant to wind damage and may tolerate some salinity (Parrotta, 1993). Besides its nuts, C. nucifera trees are of enormous general utility. The timber is used for poles, construction, furniture, boxes, fixtures, particle board, paper pulp, charcoal, and occasionally veneers. The wood is difficult to saw, requiring tungsten carbide teeth. Coconut milk may be drunk or used as a medium for tissue culture; the copra (dried endosperm) is used for extraction of oils for use in foods, cosmetics, and medicines; the cori (mesocarp fibres) is used to construct mats, ropes, carpets, brushes, brooms, and bags, packaging, and potting media; the shell is used to make bowels, cups, spoons, ladles, smoking pipes, ashtrays, vases, boxes, and toys. The leaves are used in thatching, and the terminal bud may be eaten as a vegetable. The roots have medicinal properties, and provide a sweet sucrose-rich liquid known as toddy (Westphal and Jansen, 1989).

Olive (Olea europea) Jift Suppresses Broomrape (Orobanchespp.) Infections in Faba Bean (Vicia faba), Pea (Pisum sativum), and Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Z. Ghosheh ◽  
Khalid M. Hameed ◽  
Munir A. Turk ◽  
Abbas F. Al-Jamali
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Oil Processing ◽  
Inoculation Density ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Mixed Soils

Olive jift is a solid by-product of olive (Olea europea) oil processing. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate olive jift effect on broomrape (Orobanchespp.) infections on three crops. Soil—jift mixtures were used as potting medium in ratios of 1:0, 1:1, and 3:1 soil to jift. Broomrape seeds were evenly incorporated in the potting media at 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 900 seeds/kg. Pots planted with faba bean or pea were inoculated with seeds ofO. crenataForsk., whereas pots planted with tomato were inoculated with seeds ofO. lavandulaceaReichenb. Jift in soil reduced broomrape germination and infection on all three hosts regardless of inoculation densities. Pea was not infected with broomrape in jift-containing media at any inoculation density, whereas only sporadic broomrape infections were observed in faba bean and tomato grown in jift-mixed soils. Fresh and dry weights of all crops were not adversely affected by mixing jift with soil. These results suggest a possible use of jift as an inexpensive organic material for broomrape control.

scholarly journals Enumeration and Inoculation of Nitrifying Bacteria in Soilless Potting Media

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey J. Lang ◽  
George C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Counting Efficiency ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Nitrobacter Agilis ◽  
Inoculum Volume ◽  
Rate Limiting

Autotrophic nitrifying organisms were enumerated in soilless potting media using the most probable number (MPN) technique. Populations of NH4+ and NO2- oxidizing organisms varied widely between two soilless media—Metro-Mix 220 and 350. Estimates for NH4+ oxidizing organisms ranged from 0.7 to 7.8 × 105 organisms/cm3, while NO2- oxidizers ranged from 1.3 to 9.5 × 105 organisms/cm3. Population numbers were similar to those typically reported in soils. There was a significant effect of medium type, NH4+ N : NO3- N fertilizer ratio, and planting on MPN counts of both groups of organisms, with significant interaction between several of the factors. Estimates of NH4+ oxidizers were not linearly correlated with NH4+ oxidizing activity, implying low counting efficiency, heterotrophic nitrification, or rate-limiting substrate NH4+ level. In a separate study, a soilless potting medium was inoculated with pure cultures of either Nitrosomonas europaea or Nitrobacter agilis. Rates of NH4+ and NO2- oxidation increased, respectively, as inoculum volume increased. Inoculation with nitrifying bacteria may help in the overall management of N in the rhizosphere and be feasible alternatives for the prevention of either NH4+ or NO2- phytotoxicity with fertilizers containing urea or NH4+.

scholarly journals EXPANDED SHALE AS A POTTING MEDIUM COMPONENT FOR BEDDING PLANTS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1163d-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Nash ◽  
Tim P. Brubaker ◽  
Billy W. Hipp
Keyword(s):  
Pore Space ◽  
Peat Moss ◽  
Bedding Plants ◽  
Medium Component ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Expanded Shale ◽  
Container Capacity

Expanded shale and peat moss were mixed in 5 ratios and evaluated as potting media for Petunia and Impatiens. Two grades of shale (coarse and fine) were used. Bulk density increased linearly with increasing shale whereas total pore space and container capacity increased linearly with increasing peat. Air space of peat-fine shale was consistently lower than that of peat-coarse shale when the peat/shale ratio was the same. Container capacity of peat-fine shale was consistently higher than that of peat-coarse shale when the peat/shale ratio was the same. Growth and quality of both bedding plants increased quadratically with increasing peat in peat-coarse shale and increased linearly with increasing peat in peat-fine shale. Highest growth and quality of both plants were found in peat-coarse shale media with at least 50% peat and in peat-fine shale media with at least 75% peat.

scholarly journals Reduction of Phytotoxicity in Polyurethane Foam-containing Potting Media

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wees ◽  
Danielle Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Polyurethane Foam ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Medium Component ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
The Mean

Leachates were produced by washing Hydra-fill, a polyurethane ester foam, with water. These leachates decreased radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculenturn Mill.) seed germination and were phytotoxic to seedlings. Washing the foam for as little as 5 minutes (compared to not washing) before collecting the leachate significantly decreased the mean seed germination time by 0.6 to 1 day. Rinsing the foam with ethanol before collecting the leachate was detrimental to germination. When used as a potting medium component, the foam reduced radish shoot and root dry weights compared to potting media without foam. Washing the foam with tap water before use resulted in increased radish shoot and root dry weights. Hydra-fill generally reduced plant performance when included in potting media. However, radish grew well in fresh 25% Hydra-fill (raw or washed) mixed with loam.

scholarly journals Substrates and irrigation levels for growing desert rose in pots

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Carlos Colombo ◽  
Vanessa Favetta ◽  
Marcelo Augusto Aguiar e Silva ◽  
Ricardo Tadeu de Faria
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Level ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Potting Media ◽  
Irrigation Levels

ABSTRACT In the past decades, desert rose has become a very popular ornamental plant, especially among collectors, due to its exotic and sculptural forms. However, it has been grown on a commercial scale only recently, and little is known about how to best manage it as a container-grown plant, or even which potting medium (substrate) to recommend. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between potting media and irrigation levels for growing desert rose as a potted ornamental plant. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a 6 x 2 factorial arrangement with six replications, six potting media and two irrigation levels. The mixes were characterized by measuring their physical properties, specifically the density and water retention capacity (WRC), as well as chemical properties, such as the pH and electrical conductivity (EC). After 210 days, plant growth and plant water consumption were evaluated and measured. A lower dry density for the vermiculite mixes was observed in comparison to that for the sand mixes. However, WRC ranged from 428 to 528 mL L-1 among the mixes, values considered close to ideal. In general, plant growth exhibited higher increases in mixes consisting of coconut fiber + sand or vermiculite, regardless of the irrigation level. Mixes of vermiculite + coconut fiber and sand + coconut fiber can be used to grow desert rose in pots, as long as irrigation is used to maintain the moisture content of the potting medium (mix) between 60-70% and 80-90% of the WRC.

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