scholarly journals Trade, Violence and Diplomacy on the Coast of Ikorodu: The Resistance of Balogun Mabadeje Jaiyesimi

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebowale Adeyemi-Suenu
Keyword(s):  
Trade Routes ◽  
Military Victory ◽  
The Town ◽  
Main City

From the 1850s, British influence in Lagos and coastal Nigeria expanded, leading to the annexation of Lagos in December 1861 and the establishment of Lagos Colony in 1862. This period also witnessed the British quest for the control of coastal and inland trade routes. Ikorodu’s location north of Lagos and on the lagoon, and its control of trade from the coast to Sagamu, the main city of Remo, involved the town in larger struggles between the Ijebu kingdom and the Egba settlers at Abeokuta, and in the expansionist plans for Lagos under Governor Henry Stanhope Freeman (1862–4) and his successor, Captain John Hawley Glover (1864–6). This article explores how Ikorodu successfully manoeuvred between these differen interests under the leadership of Balogun Mabadeje Jaiyesimi to defeat its external aggressors and to increase its independence. It not only addresses the dearth of published work on Ikorodu but also provides a response to Earl Phillips’ discussion of the unsuccessful 1864–5 Egba attack on Ikorodu. Unlike Philips, who suggests that the Egba defeat was primarily engineered by John Glover, this article emphasises the importance of Balogun Jaiyesimi’s strategic and negotiating skills, which led to the formation of a local coalition between Ikorodu and its neighbouring towns, especially Igbogbo, to ensure Ikorodu’s military victory.

Shivta-A Byzantine Town in the Negev Desert

1985 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur Segal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Negev Desert ◽  
Beer Sheva ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Town ◽  
Town Building ◽  
Aesthetic Values

Shivta, a Byzantine town settled in the 5th century and abandoned in the 8th or 9th century C. E., occupies an area of about 20 acres in the Negev desert 43 kilometers southwest of Beer-Sheva. Remains of terraces, dams, and other agricultural structures indicate that the town, which was far from the trade routes, existed mainly on agriculture. Examination of the town today shows that Shivta's three churches were the source of influence and authority not only in matters of religion and worship, but also apparently in the public, administrative, and economic life of the town. It appears, further, that Shivta, as it was built, offers nothing unique in comparison to other, similarly situated towns of the same period in Roman and Byzantine Palestine and the neighboring regions. Lacking an urban tradition, its inhabitants evidently were unconcerned with aesthetic values in town building. Shivta developed spontaneously, without a guiding hand or any effort to create a monumental emphasis.

scholarly journals THE HISTORY OF THE OLD TOWN HALL IN SIERADZ

space&FORM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (47) ◽  
pp. 227-238
Author(s):  
Adriana Sowała ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

The Old Town in Sieradz is one of the oldest and best-preserved medieval urban complexes in Poland. In its center there is the Old Market Square, which was marked out at the intersection of important trade routes in the 13th century. Unfortunately, to this day, the center-market buildings, including the town hall, have not been preserved. Moreover, no photo or drawing showing the appearance of the Sieradz seat of municipal authorities has survived. In connection with the above, the article attempts to present the history of the repeatedly rebuilt town hall in Sieradz from different periods, as well as plans for its reconstruction. For this purpose, the available archival materials, the results of archaeological research and the literature on the subject were used, the analysis of which allowed to draw conclusions about the history of the town hall in Sieradz.

scholarly journals Radionički pečati na italskoj tera sigilati iz Bunuma

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Borzić
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Military Camp ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
The University ◽  
The Town ◽  
Archaeological Excavations

Besides large architectural complexes (the camp principium/municipium forum, the amphitheatre and the exercise campus), archaeological excavations, both earlier ones and those conducted after 2003 by the Town Museum in Drniš and the Department of Archaeology of the University of Zadar, that have taken place in the area of the Roman military camp/municipium of Burnum (Ivoševci near Kistanje) have revealed an extraordinarily large quantity of small archaeological artefacts. Among those from the early stages of life at Burnum in the first half of the first century, there is a series of approximately eighty stamps on fine tableware, which confirms the existence of imports from the Italic area. An analysis of these, together with observations on the overall holdings of the pottery finds, enables detailed insights regarding spatial and chronological supply sources, while a comparison with similar finds from civilian and military sites throws light on the position of Roman Dalmatia on regional trade routes.

Egyptian‐Sudanese Trade in the Ottoman Period to 1882

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Walz
Keyword(s):  
Nile Valley ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
The West ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Individual Traders ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Egypt’s trade in the Ottoman period with the Sudanic kingdoms to its south waxed and waned according to political conditions at either end of its trade routes. During the 16th and 17th centuries, powerful kingdoms developed in the area of Sinnar (near modern-day Khartoum) and to the west in the area of Darfur. The trade route connecting western Sudan to Egypt, known as the Forty Days Road, was ancient, probably dating to the Pharaonic period, but it experienced a remarkable revival in the 17th century when the Keira sultans of Darfur consolidated their rule in western Sudan and engaged in trade with Egypt in order to obtain luxury goods. In the following two centuries, trade between Egypt, Sinnar, and Darfur flourished, the pattern being that Egyptian, Syrian, and European-made goods were exchanged primarily for Sudanic exports of slaves, ivory, ostrich feathers, and livestock. Sudanese merchants, known as jallaba, came to Egypt and Egyptians settled in the Sudan as a result of these developments. Asyut was the town in Upper Egypt chiefly benefiting from the revival of the caravan trade, but the primary trade destination was Cairo, whence most merchants went. In 1820, the Egyptians invaded the Sudan and trade between the two countries fell under a different set of rules and regulations. Initially monopolized by the government, items in the trade began to be sold by individual traders, and after 1839, when the Muhammad Ali, ruler of Egypt, was forced to withdraw from lands his army had conquered in Arabia and the Levant, European free enterprise soon became a major economic force in the Nile Valley. For a brief period, between 1845 and 1860, Egyptian middlemen, working closely with jallaba, profited richly from the Sudan trade, the city of Asyut prospered, but eventually they fell victim to European economic domination.

Changes in Testamentary Practice at Montpellier on the Eve of the Black Death

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-269
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Reyerson
Keyword(s):  
Financial Capital ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Southern France ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Town

The Black Death arrived in southern France, at Marseille, in January 1348. It then spread westward, reaching Carcassonne by February and Perpignan by March. There is no exact chronology of the outbreak of the plague in Montpellier. However, the disease probably appeared by March 1348, since it spread along trade routes and the town was considerably closer to Marseille than both Carcassonne and Perpignan. The recorded toll of the Black Death in Montpellier at first seems great enough to account for any changes in the behavior of the population in the plague year. For this commercial and financial capital of Lower Languedoc, 1348 was generally termed “lan de la mortalidat.”

scholarly journals WAR LOSSES: A THREE-VOLUME PUBLICATION OF THE MUSEUM OF GDAŃSK

Muzealnictwo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Antoni Romuald Chodyński
Keyword(s):  
City Council ◽  
Town Hall ◽  
Ww Ii ◽  
Art Works ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
The Church ◽  
Main City ◽  
Small Room

Released in three separate volumes, the publication continues the Polish museology series published for several years now and related to the losses incurred as a result of WW II within the borders of today’s Republic of Poland. The Preface to Volume I on the war losses of the Town Hall of the Main City of Gdańsk by the Director of the Museum in Gdańsk Waldemar Ossowski, contains reflections essential for the discussed issue. The three-volume series opens with the War Losses of the Town Hall of the Main City of Gdańsk (Vol. I). Briefly, the most essential facts have been highlighted in the story of its raising, and the functions of the major Town Hall interiors, both sumptuous and serving as offices, have been described: the Grand Hallway, the Grand Room called Red or Summer Room, the Small Room of the Council called Winter Room, the Grand Room of the City Council, the Treasury, and the Deposit Room. In the final months of WW II, Gdańsk lost about 80% of its most precious historic substance within the Main City. As early as in April 1945, the search for and the recovery of the dispersed cultural heritage began. War Losses of the Artus Manor and the Gdańsk Hallway in Gdańsk (Vol. 2) begins with a sepia photograph from 1879. As of October 1943 to January 1945, the following took place: dismantling together with signing and numbering of the objects, packing into wooden chests, and evacuation to several localities outside Gdańsk. It has already been ascertained that as early as in mid-June 1942, some dozen of the most precious historic monuments were evacuated from the Artus Manor, of which several items have not been recovered: late- -mediaeval paintings (Boat of the Church, Siege of Marienburg, Our Lady with Child, and Christ, Salvator Mundi), several elements from the four sets of tournament armours from the section of the Brotherhood of St Reinold, the sculpture Saturn with a Child, the sculpture group Diana’s Bath and Actaeon’s Metamorphosis, as well as some dozen elements of the décor of the Grand Hall. All these historic pieces were transferred to the village of Orle (Germ. Wordel) on the Sobieszewo Island on 16 June 1942. Only fragments of tournament armours have been recovered: they were found at various locations under the circumstances hard to clarify many years later. The most extensive war losses have been presented for the Uphagen House (Vol. 3). The majority of the gathered art works, the interior equipment and usable objects essential in the burgher’s tenement house transformed into a museum in the early 20th century have not been found, thus they have not returned to their original location.

scholarly journals Fallujah in the Cuneiform Texts and Classical Sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Hussain Ahmed Al-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Left Bank ◽  
The West ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
North West ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

Fallujah is an Iraqi town with long history, located on the eastern bank of Euphrates. It is a part of the historical city of Anbar whose ruins lie 5km north-west of the modern-day Fallujah. This area had a strategic importance in Mesopotamia, because of its position on the overland  and river trade routes. It represented the vital artery of the Babylon and Assyria empires, offering access to Syria and the Mediterranean coasts. The city was in fact the site of a conflict between the Babylonians and Assyrians. This paper focuses on the history of the region. Located within a region called Sokhy or Sokho, which is extends from al Qaim district (Khandano) in the west-north to the town of Fallujah in the east-south. The name of Fallujah is mentioned as Pallukat in the texts of the modern Babylonian and Assyrian ages. It is derived from the Akkadian term Palagu which means ‘the little river’ in the Semitic languages. These appellations correspond with Fallujah’s position on the left bank of Euphrates. Keywords: Anbar, Sokhy, Fallujah, Classic sources, cuneiform texts

scholarly journals Historical, non-existing synagogue in Przeworsk

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agata Mikrut-Kusy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Religious Architecture ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

The history of southeastern Poland is inseparably linked with the Jewish community that settled mostly in larger cities located near significant trade routes. Despite limiting privileges, in many cities Jews managed to establish their own quarters, in which synagogues were the most important structures. Only a few cases of historical Jewish religious architecture, in varying states of preservation, have survived to the present. In Przeworsk, to the north of the town hall, an impressive, masonry Jewish synagogue had stood for several centuries. The building was erected at the start of the seventeenth century and up to the Second World War constituted a significant element of the city’s spatial structure. Despite the passage of over eighty years since the demolition of the synagogue, its site has not been commemorated. This paper presents the genesis and architecture of the historical synagogue. The massing of the building, its functional and spatial layout, and its interior décor were investigated. The paper also discusses the commemoration of historical buildings, pointing to the significance of place-based identity and broadly understood cultural heritage.

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