scholarly journals Population structure three species of Family Syngnathidae in Merowi River, Kecamatan Kembayan, Kabupaten Sanggau Kalimantan Barat

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-319
Author(s):  
Kasianus Krisye Firstantha ◽  
Tri Rima Setyawati ◽  
Riyandi Riyandi ◽  
Gema Wahyudewantoro
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Status ◽  
Male To Female

Pipe fish is a type of freshwater fish that has potential as ornamental fish. The research objective was to determine the status and habitat conditions of the Merowi River pipe fish as a member of Syngnathidae. The research was conducted from July to December 2019. The research stations were determined based on differences in existing environmental bases.  Sampling had done randomly by using scoop net and umbrella fish trap. The data used include population density, age group,test Chi-Square and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that 2 genera consisted of 3 species of pipe fish, as much 248 individu.  Doryichthys deokhatoides 26 individu (0.042 Catch/Unit Efort); D. martensii 209 individu (0.34 Catch/Unit Efort);  Microphis retzii 13 individu (0.02 Catch/Unit Efort). The length of the pipe fish ranged from 48.1 mm to 87.4 mm, and  the ratio of male to female is 1: 1 (balanced). The presence of members of Syngnathidae in the Merowi River was effect by temperature and current velocity.

scholarly journals The earliest example of sexual dimorphism in bivalves—evidence from the astartid Nicaniella (Lower Jurassic, southern Germany)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Baran Karapunar ◽  
Winfried Werner ◽  
Franz T. Fürsich ◽  
Alexander Nützel
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Life History ◽  
Shape Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sex Change ◽  
Lower Jurassic ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Fourier Shape Analysis ◽  
Lower Height ◽  
Male To Female

Abstract Protandrous sex change (sex change from male to female) is one of the diverse sexual expressions exhibited by bivalves, but its expression in the shell is quite rare. Previous studies on living and fossil astartids suggest a relationship between protandrous sex change and the formation of crenulations on the ventral shell margin at later ontogenetic stages. Here we report the formation of such crenulations in the Early Jurassic astartid Nicaniella rakoveci (Kuhn, 1935) from the Amaltheenton Formation at Buttenheim, Franconia. This is the earliest known record of protandrous hermaphroditism in fossil bivalves, predating previous reports by at least 13 Myr. A principal component analysis of linear size measurements and Fourier shape analysis of the shell outlines revealed that the outline of Nicaniella rakoveci specimens varies from subquadrate to subcircular, but this variation is independent of the presence or absence of crenulations and therefore not associated with sex. Crenulated specimens exhibit a lower height/inflation ratio than non-crenulated ones, suggesting that the protandrous females have more inflated valves than the males. The formation of crenulations was probably related to allocation of resources for reproduction. The most likely function of the crenulations was to increase the internal shell volume in the female stage to accommodate more eggs rather than being an adaptation against predation as often assumed for other bivalves. The formation of crenulations is part of the protandrous life history and probably is controlled by a genetic mechanism that is also responsible for sex change.

scholarly journals Principal Component Analysis of Morphometric Traits of West African Dwarf Goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I O Dudusola ◽  
S O Oseni ◽  
M A Popoola ◽  
A Jenyo
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
West African ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
West African Dwarf

The study was conducted to evaluate the principal component analysis of phenotypic attributes of West African Dwarf (WAD) goat. Data collected on the live body weight and twelve morphometric traits of the goats which were categorised into four age groups based on their dentition. The age groups were: less than 2years old, 2- 3years old, 3-4 years old and 4 years old. The data were subjected to a PCA and Cluster analyses using the multivariate procedure components of SAS (2003). Result revealed that highest values of morphometric traits were obtained in goats that of 4 years old. The rate of increase in body weight and other morphometric traits was high in age group of ˂2 years to age 2-3years compared to differences observed in others across the age group. Heart Girth had the highest correlation with body weight. Foreleg, neck, ear and hind leg lengths; wither height and rump height were weakly correlated with the body weight of the goats. Result revealed that two Principal components were retained in the first age group (age group˂2years) which accounted for 72.99% of the total variation. The first PC alone accounted for 63.13% of the total variation while PC2 accounted for the remaining 9.86%. From this study, it was concluded that there is interdependence among body weight and morphometric traits and that morphometric traits can be used in predicting live weight of WAD goats; PCA and Cluster could be exploited in breeding and selection programmes to acquire highly coordinated animal bodies using fewer measurements.

scholarly journals Simulasi Metode Statistik untuk Seleksi Single Nucleotide Polymorphism pada Populasi Plasmodium

Life Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ikhsan Nurulloh ◽  
Yustinus Ulung Anggraito ◽  
Hidayat Trimarsanto ◽  
Endah Peniati ◽  
R. Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Selection Method ◽  
Principal Coordinate Analysis ◽  
Neighbor Joining ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Informative Snps

Plasmodium is a pathogen that causes malaria which has high genetic diversity and resistance to antimalarial drugs. Information on the population structure of Plasmodium can be used as molecular markers, one of which is Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). SNP markers are in large numbers and not entirely informative. The existing method has not been effective in producing informative SNPs, therefore it is necessary to develop an effective SNP selection method. The SNP selection method is developed using FST as the main filter (filter) and combines Linkage Disequilibrium (LD). The population structure of the SNP is known to use Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), pairwise FST, and neighbor-joining population trees. Informative SNP criteria known by calculating FST and Minor Allele Frequency (MAF). Statistical methods were tested to determine their effectiveness in producing informative SNPs. The method testing was carried out using genetic data simulation of the Plasmodium population. The results of the study show that the statistical method is effective in producing informative SNPs. The informative SNP criteria are SNPs with MAF 0.2-0.4 and FST 0.1-0.4 and 0.8-1.0.   Plasmodium merupakan patogen penyebab malaria dengan keanekaragaman genetik tinggi dan memiliki resistensi terhadap obat antimalaria. Informasi sturuktur populasi Plasmodium dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai marka molekuler seperti Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). Marka SNP terdapat dalam jumlah yang banyak dan tidak seluruhnya informatif. Metode yang telah ada belum efektif dalam menghasilkan SNP informatif sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan metode seleksi SNP yang efektif. Metode seleksi SNP dikembangkan menggunakan FST sebagai filter (penyaring) utamanya dan gabungkan Linkage Disequilibrium (LD). Struktur populasi dari SNP diketahui menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA), pairwise FST, dan neighbor-joining population tree. Kriteria SNP informatif yang diketahui dengan menghitung FST dan Minor Allele Frequency (MAF). Metode statistika diuji untuk mengetahui keefektifannya dalam menghasilkan SNP informatif. Pengujian metode dilakukan menggunakan simulasi data genetik populasi Plasmodium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode statistika efektif dalam menghasilkan SNP informatif. Kriteria SNP informatif adalah SNP dengan MAF 0.2-0.4 serta FST 0.1-0.4 dan 0.8-1.0.

Hegemonic and Polemical Beliefs: Culture and Consumption in the Social Representation of Wine

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégory Lo Monaco ◽  
Christian Guimelli
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Wine Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Social Debate

Wine, in France, is a cultural product. However, the issue of wine consumption has been at the centre of a recurring social debate. We decided to focus our study on the effect of consumption practices on this social representation as well as the variations in position-taking in very different normative contexts. Results revealed two distinct social representations according to consumption practice. Moreover, Guttman effect in principal component analysis uncovered a unique phenomenon which showed that participants (consumer vs. non consumer) were inclined to act differently only in the case of polemical issues when they perceived the investigator as a consumer vs. non consumer. Indeed, in the case of hegemonic beliefs they were inclined to act in the same way and their answers were not influenced by the status of the investigator. Results are discussed around the question of the links between social representations and social identity.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological interactions in species of peacock bass Cichla spp. from the Amazon

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 594-599
Author(s):  
Philip Dalbert da Silva Castro ◽  
Daniel Da Silva Ladislau ◽  
Maiko Willas Soares Ribeiro ◽  
Antônia Jaqueline Vitor de Paiva ◽  
Ariany Rabello da Silva Liebl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ornamental Fish ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Sport Fishing ◽  
Fish Market ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Peacock Bass

The peacock bass species Cichla spp. are economically important in the Amazon region, being used in food, sport fishing and the ornamental fish market. The aims of present study was investigate the ecophysiological interactions and the relationship to the physical parameters of the water. In order to compare and ecologically correlate the species of peacock bass (Cichla monoculus, Cichla temensis and Cichla vazzoleri) in Lake Balbina, Presidente Figueiredo. The total of 45 animals, 15 individuals of each species, was captured with rod and reel, hand line with natural and artificial bait. The animals blood was removed by means of caudal puncture and the hematological data were determined according to methodology previously described in the literature. The analysis of water physical properties was determined during the collections. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for observations of interactions (60.00%). The PCA of the erythrogram showed an interaction of 86.26%, the thrombogram and leukogram of the peacock bass species showed no interaction. The PCA of the plasma metabolites showed no interaction with a rate of 51.55%, however, there is a tendency in the x axis, where the species C. monoculos presents distinct ecophysiological patterns of C. temensis and C. vazzoleri. In the analysis of the physical properties of the water, was observed interaction 96.59%, where in the X axis the species C. monoculos and C. vazzoleri inhabit exclusive localities. It is possible to infer that C. monoculos presents a different pattern compared to other species.

scholarly journals Gerris Lacustris (Linaeus 1758) and Gerris Costae (Herrich-Schäffer 1850) Species - Habitat Relations on Mountainous Tributaries of Vişeu River (Maramureş, Romania)

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Horea Olosutean ◽  
Daniela Minodora Ilie
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Stagnant Water ◽  
Habitat Changes ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
Steep Slopes ◽  
Habitat Variables

ABSTRACT Semi aquatic Heteroptera species from some mountainous tributaries of the Vişeu River were collected and their relations with habitat variables were investigated. Only two species, Gerris lacustris and Gerris costae were found, either one or both species, in almost half of the investigated sampling stations. Correlation analysis between samplings and habitat conditions showed that Gerris lacustris prefers small deep ponds or river banks with steep slopes and is easily adaptable to habitat changes, while Gerris costae is mostly found in large marshes with low, stagnant water and high amounts of vegetation. Both species are relatively tolerant to human impact in their habitat, Gerris lacustris more so. The two species are negatively correlated to each other, as an expression of competition between them. Principal Component Analysis resulted in two dominant factors explaining almost 60% of the habitat variation, and their graphic representation proved the observed correlations.

scholarly journals Study of geographical distribution of number of cases of COVID-19 in different areas of Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
T. Mohanty ◽  
P. P. Doke ◽  
K. H. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Age Group ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Case Distribution

Background: Geographical differences in number of COVID-19 cases and death are affected by population density, age, gender distribution and mitigation measures like social distancing etc. The aim of this study was to determine the geographical distribution of number of cases of covid-19 in different areas of Maharashtra. The investigator wants to know, which area, which age group and which gender has been affected the most by COVID-19 along with the effect of lockdown.Methods: Area and population of all the COVID-19 affected area was collected and area wise number of cases till 31st May 2020 was considered. Association between number of COVID-19 cases and population of areas was calculated and gender-wise and age-wise case distribution was also calculated.Results: Cases are more in urban areas mainly in corporation (Chi square=114441; p<0.0001). Age group 31-40 years’ is most affected (11.5 per 100,000 population affected). Young adults as well males were affected most and even though population of children is quite big, they remained less affected (chi square=22117).Conclusions: This COVID-19 is a disease of urban area primarily affecting corporation areas. High population density and overcrowding are mainly responsible for initial phase of this disease only in corporation area. Strict lockdown and other social measures decreased both transmission and mortality rate.

scholarly journals Isolation-By-Distance-and-Time in a stepping-stone model

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Duforet-Frebourg ◽  
Montgomery Slatkin
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Population Genetics ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Joint Effect ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stepping Stone Model

With the great advances in ancient DNA extraction, population genetics data are now made of geographically separated individuals from both present and ancient times. However, population genetics theory about the joint effect of space and time has not been thoroughly studied. Based on the classical stepping--stone model, we develop the theory of Isolation by Distance and Time. We derive the correlation of allele frequencies between demes in the case where ancient samples are present in the data, and investigate the impact of edge effects with forward-in-time simulations. We also derive results about coalescent times in circular/toroidal models. As one of the most common way to investigate population structure is to apply principal component analysis, we evaluate the impact of this theory on plots of principal components. Our results demonstrate that time between samples is a non-negligible factor that requires new attention in population genetics.

scholarly journals Tracking Financial Inclusion in India: A Study of SHG Initiatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-46
Author(s):  
Shrabani Mukherjee ◽  
Subhadri Sankar Mallik ◽  
Debdulal Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Elementary And Secondary Education ◽  
The Status ◽  
Development Processes

The objective of this study is to scrutinize the status, impact and constraints associated with the process of “inclusion” in rural financial sector in India and to identify key bottlenecks that constrain the effectiveness of the policy. This study attempts to construct a comprehensive measure of financial inclusion with special focus on SHGs for 20 major states in India from year 2008 to 2012 using principal component analysis. It also aims to examine causal relationship between financial inclusion and other development processes such as agricultural and industrial growth and access to elementary and secondary education across states. A previous study on panel data claims that financial inclusion improves agricultural growth and improvement in elementary education. This article through an empirical analysis, however, contests such a two-way causality.

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