scholarly journals Co-management of protected areas: a property rights point of view

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Van Ngoc Truc Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wide Range

Co-management is an increasinglyused tool in natural resource management around the world, in situations where the protection of natural resources has to ensure the livelihoods of local people who have traditionally relied upon these resources. It is a mechanism of sharing power in decision-making and sharing the benefits of natural resources between stakeholders (usually governments and local communities). In Vietnam, several governmental pilot projects on comanagement of PAs were launched over the past decade, with the purpose of eventually scaling up as a national policy. Nationwide, co-management initiatives have been implemented for protected areas (PAs). Therefore, a full assessment of the PAs co-management paradigm is needed. This paper aims to increase the understaing of the ''state-of-the-art" of the management that exist within PAs and to direct attention to the issues associated with property rights in conservation. It assesses the comanagement of PAs in terms of concepts, practices and implications that relate to indigenous peoples and community land and resource rights. The paper begins with a theoretical discussion about comanagement of PAs and property rights. Next, it analyzes a wide range of biodiversity-rich countries that have different time schedules for applying comanagement in PAs. The analysis also focusses on various types of PAs such as forests, game reserves, pastureland reserves, marine PAs, etc. It then encompasses experienced cases of community based forest management in Vietnam that may be applicable to co-managed PAs. This paper reveals that co-management could be an effective tool for PAs management as long as the property rights of local communities and their members are defined clearly and satisfactorily. Among them, land ownership/land-use rights have the most influence on the nature of the co-management agreements. The co-management of PAs officially acknowledges the rights of locals who live in and around forests, to enter, use and manage PAs. These management rights of communities are collective rights rather than individual rights, while ultimately management rights belong to governments. Governments retain the rights to control forest resources; to make decisions about forest products with high value; and to approve policies related to the PA management plan, exploitation license, development of forest management guidelines. In conclusion, governments usually do not empower local communities regarding their exclusion and alienation rights.

scholarly journals Review: Forest management and conservation practices in Ethiopia: Opportunities and constraints

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
BEKELE TONA AMENU
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Practices ◽  
The Social ◽  
Management And Conservation

Amenu BT. 2018. Review: Forest management and conservation practices in Ethiopia: Opportunities and constraints. Asian J For 2: 77-82. Ethiopia has various and diversified natural resources. Forests are one of the most valuable resources of our physical environments. It is one of the natural resources that have several benefits for the society. It constitutes various social, economic, and other uses. This review identified that forests are an important part of our state's environment and economy. When it managed well, forests provide clean air and water, homes for wildlife, beautiful scenery, places for recreation and more than 5,000 products we all use every day. Forest resources and forest lands should be managed and used in sustainable basis to fulfill the social, economic, cultural and spiritual needs of the present and future generation. By its nature, forestry is concerned with maintaining the quality of various nonmarket benefits. In forest management, trees are harvested for a variety of reasons including improving the health of the forest; controlling the types of trees that grow on the site; attracting certain wildlife species; providing a source of income for the landowner; producing paper, lumber and numerous other forest products; and improving access to the area for hikers, hunters and other recreational users. There are varieties problems, constraints, and opportunities of forest conservation and management system Address poverty and forest governance by promoting forest ownership and access rights. Promote greater recognition of the rights of local and indigenous groups and give greater attention to land tenure, ownership, and rights-to-resource, the greatest biodiversity losses in the world have occurred through habitat losses. Conversely, the greatest opportunities for ecological restoration will occur through land abandonment, and access issues In addition to this, the social, economic constraints and socio-economic factors are the major problems. The major constraints or problems are adequate appreciation of the role and value of forest and in adequate investment in forestry sector under the state plan etc. (internet). Constraints and factors such as poor management plan, lack of good resource management plan and policy were the main factors and constraints of forest destruction.

scholarly journals Situation und Anliegen der Waldeigentümer – einige Gedanken (Essay)

2014 ◽  
Vol 165 (8) ◽  
pp. 224-227
Author(s):  
Markus Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Future Time ◽  
Forest Owners ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Increasing Demand

Situation and concerns of forest owners - some notions (essay) The swiss forest economy is expecting huge challenges due to major changes in national and international circumstances. The main task in future time will be to combine proven traditions and principles with new and probably massif changes in an optimized way. We must be aware of the fact that some existing methods of forest management and sylviculture will eventually have to be adapted in a quite extensive and fundamental way. Swiss forest land owners must be recognized again as the main actors and the most important stakeholder concerning forest matters. There has been a very long period of reducing forest owners property rights and liberty of action, this process has to be stopped now. The increasing demand for existing and new non-wood forest products and services and for further limitations in forest management must be satisfied increasingly on a voluntarely basis (product selling, service agreements), rather than by tightening up the forest and other forest-related laws. The well-known «wake theory» in Swiss forest economy doesn't work anymore in its traditional form.

Social Aspects of Forestry in Southeast Asia: A Review of Postwar Trends in the Scholarly Literature

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Lee Peluso ◽  
Peter Vandergeest ◽  
Lesley Potter
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Science Writing ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
The World

This paper examines the major trends since the 1950s in social science writing on forest management in Southeast Asia. Southeast Asia is simultaneously rich in and dependent on natural resources, both for local and national use or sale. Among renewable resources, forest products have played critical roles in the region's national, provincial, and local economies before, during, and after colonialism — for as long as two millennia. Their importance in international trade illustrates that Southeast Asia's forests linked the region to other parts of the world for quite some time, dispelling myths that parts of the region such as Borneo were “remote”, “primitive”, or “pristine”.

Integrating multi-discipline teams into forest planning: A case study in west-central Alberta

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D Simpson ◽  
Ted Gooding
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
Penalty Cost ◽  
Forest Management Planning ◽  
Supply Analysis ◽  
Forest Values

Millar Western Forest Products Ltd. completed its 2007–2016 detailed forest management plan for its forest management agreement area by engaging multi-discipline expertise to better manage forest values. Disciplines were formed into impact assessment groups, which were charged with developing indicators and targets for identified values and objectives and with constructing models to predict the impacts of forest management activities. Three different modeling approaches were used in developing the plan and the best results were obtained by integrating indicators directly into the forecasting model even when the indicators were simple versions of complex models. Integrating indicators into the forecasting model reduced the penalty cost on other indicators, permitted the model to find better solutions, provided almost immediate feedback to the plan development team, permitted more scenarios to be investigated, and provided a better understanding of the dynamics and tradeoffs. The other two techniques used in the DFMP involved the assessment of forecasted scenarios with more complex discipline specific models, which provided more detailed information about the indicators. Key words: forecasting, forest management planning, Patchworks, forest management modeling, timber supply analysis, trade-off analysis, VOIT

Tenure and forest conditions: community forestry in the Nepal Terai

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harini Nagendra
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
National Forests ◽  
Initial Condition ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Forest Conditions

There is a current trend towards decentralization of forest management, particularly among developing nations. Nepal has taken a lead in initiating innovative policies of community forestry. Although these initiatives have been largely deemed successful in the mountains, within the Terai lowlands, there is considerable debate about their outcomes. This research evaluates forest condition within recently declared community forests, national forests and protected areas in the Nepal Terai, using plot mensuration techniques and interviews with local users. The initial condition of forests that were handed over to local communities for use was significantly poorer than those retained as national forests. Protected areas had the highest levels of plant abundance, biomass and biodiversity, which is not surprising, given the level of funds and manpower input to managing these limited areas. In the context of current controversy about the outcome of community forestry in the Nepal Terai, the poor initial condition of forests handed over to local communities is highly significant, and needs to be factored into evaluations of community forest management. This research underscores the need for benchmark studies for evaluating the future outcomes of forest policies in the Terai, provides a valuable addition to the limited information on forest conditions under different management regimes in Nepal, and indicates some of the difficulties that local communities face while dealing with community forestry in practice.

Property Rights and Natural Resources

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Community Property ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Control

This chapter focuses on the connection between property rights and natural resources. Most national jurisdictions are based on a model of ‘State property’, whereby ownership and control of natural resources are vested in the ultimate authority of the State. This chapter analyses how the right to property supports the recognition of property rights over natural resources for certain category of citizens, notably indigenous peoples, landless peasants, and rural women. Based on this analysis, the chapter then explores how human rights law is gradually supporting the recognition of some forms of community property rights, notably for local forest communities and small-scale fishing communities. It also explores some of the underlying tensions between the concessionary rights of corporations and investors over natural resources and the rights of local communities.

scholarly journals Exploring Park–People Conflicts in Colombia through a Social Lens

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kobe De Pourcq ◽  
Evert Thomas ◽  
Marlene Elias ◽  
Patrick Van Damme
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Nation States

SummaryNatural resource-related conflicts between local communities and nation states can be extremely destructive. Worldwide, interest is growing in gaining a better understanding of why and how these conflicts originate, particularly in protected areas inhabited by local communities. The literature on local attitudes towards and perceptions of park conservation and park–people conflicts is quite extensive. Studies have examined the socioeconomic and geographical determinants of attitudes to protected areas. However, the role of such determinants in the experience of park–people conflicts has received considerably less attention. Drawing on 601 interviews with people living in or near 15 Colombian national protected areas (NPAs), we examine the socioeconomic and geographical variables that are most influential in people’s experience of conflict related to restricted access to natural resources. We find that the experience of this type of conflict is largely explained by the NPA where a person resides, pursuit of productive activities within the NPA, previous employment in NPA administration, gender and ethnicity. We recommend implementing socially inclusive conservation strategies for conflict prevention and resolution in Colombia’s NPAs, whereby both women and men from different ethnic groups are engaged in design and implementation.

Industrial Forest Management Assistance and Leasing: 1983 Programs and Accomplishments in Georgia

1985 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Cubbage ◽  
Thomas M. Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
The State ◽  
Forest Industry ◽  
Private Forest ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Industrial Forest ◽  
Nonindustrial Private Forest ◽  
Nipf Landowners

Abstract A survey of industrial forest management assistance and leasing programs indicated that a wide range of forest management services were provided to nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) landowners in Georgia. In 1983, approximately 6% of the commercial NIPF land in the state was leased by forest industry and about 1% was covered under industry management assistance programs. Forest products firms site-prepared 50,000 acres, planted about 38,000, and hand seeded about 20,000 acres of NIPF land. Costs for services seemed similar to industry averages. Leasing programs have been maintained the longest and help in managing more NIPF land, but are decreasing somewhat in area covered. Management assistance programs are generally newer and smaller in Georgia, but are increasing moderately in size.²

Stating the case for including Integrated Land Management within forest management plans: An opinion

2008 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S Russell
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Cumulative Effects ◽  
Integrated Resource Management ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Cumulative Effects Assessment ◽  
Effects Assessment

An increasing human population is exerting greater demands upon the earth for resource production and living space. Despite its large landmass, Canada is not immune to this pressure. On industrial forested lands, one response has been integrated resource management, whereby the forest supports multiple uses within the same space and time. Under the strain of increasing pressures, coupled with a concern for the maintenance of natural systems and processes, it has become evident that the current planning processes need to evolve to incorporate a new land management paradigm. This paper outlines the issues and presents for discussion a potential management paradigm based not only on the limited scope of industrial forested lands but on the broader expanse of land management in general. Supporting the proposed Integrated Land Management (ILM) approach, Millar Western Forest Products Ltd., an Alberta-based forest products company, developed a cumulative effects assessment to complement its forest management plan. This assessment demonstrates that as a proof of concept, ILM is technically achievable and can be scientifically based. Further, integration of diverse concepts and disciplines can be organized to produce functional plans. Key words: Integrated Land Management, Integrated Resource Management, forest management, cumulative effects assessment

scholarly journals The Contribution of Community Based Forest Management to Livelihood and Rural Economy: The Case of Hutan Nagari Sungai Buluh in Padang Pariaman

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syofia Agustini ◽  
Arya Hadi Dharmawan ◽  
Eka Intan Kumala Putri
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Environmental Services ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Livelihood System

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Based on Minister of Environment and Forests No. P.83 About Social Forestry, which is “to reduce poverty, unemployment and inequality management / utilization of forest areas, it is necessary Social Forestry activities through efforts to provide legal access to the local communities that aim for social welfare and forest resources”. Forests not only provide the advantage of conservation for the environment, but also forests can provide economic benefits to local communities. Not only wood, fruits, honey or the other forest products that can be utilized. However, forests can also be utilized in terms of its environmental services, namely as a carbon sink, hydrological function, as well as in terms of natural beauty (ecotourism). The research was conducted at the Forest Nagari Sungai Buluh, Padang Pariaman District, West Sumatra Province with aim to know economic and social impact of community based forest management. The method used is a combination of quantitative and qualitative approach using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Based on research that has been done, it appears that the utilization of forest environmental services into eco-tourism provides economic contribution to communities living around the forest and to improve of rural economy. Society no longer perform encroachment, however people can still benefit from these forests are of ecotourism.<br />Keywords: Rural regional development, ecotourism, livelihood system</p><p><br />ABSTRAK<br />Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan RI No. P.83 Tentang Perhutanan Sosial yaitu “untuk mengurangi kemiskinan, pengangguran dan ketimpangan pengelolaan/ pemanfaatan kawasan hutan, maka diperlukan kegiatan Perhutanan Sosial melalui upaya pemberian akses legal kepada masyarakat setempat yang tujuannya untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat dan sumberdaya hutan”. Hutan tidak hanya memberikan manfaatkan konservasi bagi lingkungan, namun hutan juga bisa memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat lokal. Tidak hanya kayu, buah-buahan, madu ataupun hasil hutan lainnya yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Namun, hutan juga dapat dimanfaatkan dari sisi jasa lingkungannya, yakni sebagai penyimpan karbon, fungsi hidrologi, serta dalam hal keindahan alamnya (ekowisata). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Hutan Nagari Sungai Buluh, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Provinsi Sumatera Barat dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dampak ekonomi dan sosial bagi masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah kombinasi dari pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan kuisioner dan wawancara mendalam. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan, terlihat bahwa pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan hutan menjadi ekowisata memberikan kontribusi ekonomi bagi masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar hutan yaitu sebesar 30.70% untuk rumahtangga masyarakat lapisan atas, rumahtangga masyarakat lapisan menengah memperoleh manfaat sebesar 50.20% dan untuk rumahtangga masyarakat lapisan bawah hanya memperoleh manfaat sebesar 19.10%. Masyarakat tidak lagi melakukan perambahan hutan, walaupun demikian masyarakat tetap bisa memperoleh manfaat dari hutan tersebut yaitu dari pengembangan ekowisata.<br />Kata kunci: Pembangunan wilayah pedesaan, ekowisata, livelihood System</p>

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