scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK MORFOLOGI PLASMA NUTFAH SORGUM DARI BEBERAPA DAERAH POTENSIAL SUMATERA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Yun Sondang
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Cereal Plant ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Sorghum Plant ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a cereal plant that has the potential to be cultivated and developed as a source of carbohydrates. The research objective was to identify the morphology and varieties of sorghum plants from several potential areas of West Sumatra, such as Limapuluh Kota Regency, Payakumbuh City, and Sijunjung Regency be used as a source of germplasm. The research was carried out in Limapuluh Kota District, Payakumbuh City, and Sijunjung Regency for six months starting from June-November 2020. The research was carried out with stages beginning with a survey of the location of sorghum planting, identification of plant morphological characteristics, identification of varieties/cultivars/lines, and collection of germplasm sources. Observations were made on the morphological characteristics of plants in the vegetative and generative phases based on the sorghum plant description book. The results showed differences between morphological features in the field and existing descriptions in terms of plant properties, plant height, leaf color, leaf bone, panicle density, panicle shape, panicle length starting from the neck of the panicle, shape, and color of the neck of the panicle.

scholarly journals Cane Yield and Juice Volume Determine Ethanol Yield in Sweet Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. p29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice K. Rono ◽  
Erick K. Cheruiyot ◽  
Jacktone O. Othira ◽  
Virginia W. Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Ethanol Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) contains fermentable sugars in the stem that can be converted to ethanol. The current study aimed at evaluating the performance of three sweet sorghum genotypes with five checks and contributes towards availing suitable sweet sorghum for industrial ethanol production. Field studies were carried out in Kenya at varied locations in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Sorghum was harvested at hard dough stage of grain development and evaluated for several stem juice production traits including plant height, cane yield, juice volume, degrees Brix, total, reducing, and non-reducing sugars, and ethanol yield via juice fermentation. Analyses of variance using SAS version 9.1 showed a significant effect of genotype for morphological characters and ethanol yield. Genotype EUSS10 produced the greatest cane (27.4 T/ha) and juice yield (7806.7 L/ha) whereas ACFC003/12 recorded the greatest ethanol yield (423.1 L/ha). At all sites, EUSS10 had the greatest plant height and days to 50% heading whereas SS04 had the greatest Brix and total sugar concentration. The greatest grain yield and non-reducing sugar concentration was produced by SS17 and SS21, respectively. Results of this study show that though Brix and total sugars are desirable for ethanol yield, cane yield, and juice volume of sweet sorghum determines the ultimate volume of ethanol produced.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Response of Sorghum to Tillage Systems and Nitrogen Fertilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marwan Ramadhan ◽  
Sadiq Muhsin
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

In the subtropical semi-arid zones, sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) productivity is limited by numerous constraints. Relatively few studies have been conducted to measure the response of grain sorghum varieties to tillage and nitrogen. For sustainable crop production, selected tillage practice and fertilizer application are important. Field experiments were conducted at Al Qurna (QL), 74 km northwest Basrah province and Shatt al-Arab (SHL) and 17 km east Basrah province. A randomized complete block design, arranged in a split-split plot, was used with three replications. The tillage system was no tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT), while sorghum varieties were Inqadh, Rabih, and Cavire 2, and four levels of N fertilizer, viz., 0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1. The objective of research was to evaluate two sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) varieties to tillage system and nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The application of tillage was shown to enhance the growth of sorghum as observed in the plant height, leaf area, number of grains panicle−1, 1000-grain weight, yield, biomass yield, and root dry matter. CT surpassed the other treatments for all studied traits. The highest value of plant height, number of grains panicle−1, grain yield, biomass yield, and root dry matter in the QL and SHL locations, respectively, were produced by Cavire 2. The plots fertilized with 120 kg N ha−1 maximize the values of plant height (132.33 cm in the SHL location), leaf area (3040.53 and 2751.47 cm2 in the QL and SHL location respectively), number of grains panicle−1 (1431.37 in the SHL location), 1000-grain weight (31.77 g in the QL location), biomass yield (15752.00 kg ha−1 in the SHL location), and root dry matter (22.42 and 20.75 g root cm−3 in the QL and SHL locations, respectively). Cavire 2 variety under CT with 80 kg N ha−1 in the QL location was the best (observed as the most promising) in terms of grain yield. Whereas Cavire 2 under CT showed best performance with 120 kg N ha−1 in the QL location in terms of biomass yield character.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitrogen on Growth and Yield of Sorghum Forage (Sorghum Bicolor ( L.) Moench Cv.) under Three Cuttings System

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Afzal ◽  
A. Ahmad ◽  
Au.H. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Growth Attributes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Abstract A field experiment was conducted on sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv.) under three cutting system to determine the effect of nitrogen on growth and yield at University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, during the season 2010-2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), using three replications. There were four levels of nitrogen 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N/acre in the form of urea. The growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves, leaf area is determined periodically. First reading taken after 20 days of sowing while second and third was taken after 15 days of first cutting. Yield parameter like plant population, fresh and dry weight was determined in three cuttings. Results showed that increasing nitrogen dose increased all growth attributes. Results revealed for first, second and third cuttings showed significant differences at all growth attributes. Thus, the maximum plant height was observed in N4 (100 kg N/acre), having plant height 193.92, 195.24 and 192.79 cm in first, second and third cutting, respectively, which was followed by the treatment N3 (75 kg N/acre), having 179.70 cm in first cutting, while second and third cutting have same plant height 168.62 cm. The exception was the plant population showed non significant behavior in second and third cutting while number of leaves per plant in second cutting only and protein % in third cutting showed non significant difference with nitrogen application.

scholarly journals The relationship between plant height and sugar accumulation in the stems of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

2017 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanyukta Shukla ◽  
Terry J. Felderhoff ◽  
Ana Saballos ◽  
Wilfred Vermerris
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Sugar Accumulation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Analyses of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines and hybrids in response to early-season planting and cool conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 773-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohankumar H. Kapanigowda ◽  
Ramasamy Perumal ◽  
Robert M. Aiken ◽  
Thomas J. Herald ◽  
Scott R. Bean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Early Season ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Cool Conditions

Kapanigowda, M., H., Perumal, R., Aiken, R. M., Herald, T. J., Bean, S. R. and Little, C. R. 2013. Analyses of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] lines and hybrids in response to early-season planting and cool conditions. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 773–784. Early-season cold tolerance in sorghum contributes to emergence, seedling establishment, and early vegetative growth, and reduces damping-off diseases under chilling conditions. The objectives of this study were to identify cold-tolerant sources and to evaluate and optimize rapid screening techniques under a controlled environment. Field studies involving 48 genotypes, representing phases of the hybrid development process (landraces, elite and advanced breeding lines, recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and hybrids were conducted with early and normal planting dates in 2011 at Hays and Colby, Kansas. Studies under controlled environments were conducted at both locations using 18 genotypes that differ for emergence index (EI) and 30 d after emergence (DAE) shoot biomass based on field studies during 2011. Significant differences among the genotypes were recorded for all seedling traits (emergence percentage, EI, shoot biomass, plant height, and leaf number measured 30 DAE), and agronomic traits (days to 50% flowering, panicle exsertion, panicle length, and plant height at maturity). Eight advanced breeding lines: ARCH10731, ARCH10732, ARCH10736, ARCH10737, ARCH10738, ARCH10739, ARCH10744 and ARCH10749 and one RIL (RTx430/SQR-2) were found to be potential sources of cold tolerance with early EI, higher biomass and relatively early flowering. These genotypes are free from tannin, which helps to increase the feed grain efficiency of livestock, and hence were selected for test hybrid evaluation to assess fertility status, combining ability and yield performance. Significant correlation was observed between EI and biomass during early planting, which indicated that late-emerging genotypes produced greater biomass (30 DAE) compared with early-emerged genotypes. Significant correlation between growth chamber and field study for EI offers a potential and fast preliminary high-throughput screening technique for identification of cold-tolerant sorghum.

scholarly journals Effect of the fortilizer nitrophoska on sorghum Sorghum bicolor L. parasitized by witchweed (Striga Hermonthica Del Benth)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faqiri Awad
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Striga Hermonthica ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Compound Fertilizer ◽  
Head Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Effect of the fortilizer nitrophoska on sorghum Sorghum bicolor L. parasitized by witchweed (Striga Hermonthica Del Benth) Nitrophoska (NPK), a compound fertilizer, showed significant effects in stimulating yield components of Sorghum bicolor L. cultivar Tabat and in depressing the parasitism of Striga hermonthica Del. Benth. Over all treatments nitrophoska at N3 (54 kg N/F) gave 160, 105,121 and 120% increases in yield components over the control for head weight, plant height, 1000 grain weight and straw yield/ m2 of sorghum. Nitrophoska scored 83% and 80% decrease in striga dry shoot weight / m2 and striga density / m2, respectively less than the control at N1 (18 kg N/F). To maximize the yield components of sorghum, higher levels of nitrophoska (N2. N3) were recommended to be used; while lower levels of nitrophoska (N1) were recommended to combat the menace of striga in fields of sorghum

scholarly journals First Report of Colletotrichum sublineola causing Anthracnose on Sorghum bicolor in South Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Won Choi ◽  
Sung Kee Hong ◽  
Yeonghoon Lee ◽  
Youngnam Yoon
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Colletotrichum Graminicola ◽  
First Report ◽  
Sorghum Anthracnose ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the top five cereal crops in the world, but the cultivation area in Korea is estimated to be about 3,000 ha (MIFFAF, 2012). In August 2014, anthracnose symptoms on sorghum leaves were observed in two fields in Yecheon (36.62°, 128.41°) and Youngwol (37.20°, 128.49°), South Korea. Symptoms on leaves were brownish red irregular lesions with yellow and tan borders. Some darkened conidiomata and setae were observed on the lesions of infected leaves. Approximately 20% of sorghum plants (cv. Hwanggeumchal) were affected in each field with an area of about 0.1 ha. Fragments of diseased infected leaves were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 30sec. The pieces were placed on water agar and incubated at 25°C for 7days. Two isolates were obtained through single sporing and cultured on synthetic nutrient poor agar at 25°C for 14days. Conidia (n=30) of YN1458 isolate were falcate and measured 22.0 to 32.7 × 4.2 to 6.4 µm. Brown to black setae (n=20) had 1-3 septa, with tapering acute apices and 53.7 to 95.2 × 4.7 to 7.8 µm in size. Appressoria (n=30) were dark brown, usually irregular and 10.5 to 16.9 × 8.6 to 13.6 µm in size. Colonies on PDA produced salmon spore masses in the center of the colony, and whitish grey to dark color in reverse. The morphological characteristics of two isolates were similar. Based on morphology, two isolates were tentatively identified as Colletotrichum graminicola species complex (Cannon et al. 2012; Crouch and Tomaso-Peterson 2012). To clarify taxonomic placement, DNA extracted from mycelia of the two isolates was PCR amplified and sequenced targeting internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA, actin (ACT), chitin synthase 1(CHS-1), and beta-tubulin (TUB) genes (Weir et al. 2012). The sequences of the above four loci of YN1458 and YN1728 were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers KT351801, KT351802 (ITS); KY769869, KY69870 (ACT); KY769871, KY769872 (CHS-1); and KY769873, KY769874 (TUB), respectively. The sequencing results of two isolates showed 99.6% (ITS), 99.6% (ACT of YN1458), 100% (ACT of YN1728), 100% (CHS-1), 100% (TUB of YN1458) and 99.8% (TUB of YN1728) similarity with C. sublineola CBS 131301 (JQ005771, JQ005834, JQ005792, and JQ005855) by BLASTn. Based on the morphological characteristics and multigene sequence analysis, the two isolates were identified as C. sublineola. Pathogenicity of two isolates was confirmed by spraying conidial suspensions (106 conidia/mL) on leaves of 3-week-old sorghum seedlings (cv. Hwanggeumchal) using a pot assay (5 plants per isolate). The same number of seedlings were sprayed with sterile distilled water and served as controls. All plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25/32°C with natural light. After one week, symptoms similar to those in the field were observed on the leaves inoculated with the pathogen, but not on the control leaves. Colletotrichum sublineola was consistently re-isolated from the inoculated leaves showing anthracnose symptoms and the pathogen identity was confirmed by observing morphological characteristics. So far, C. graminicola was known as the only causal agent pathogen of sorghum anthracnose in South Korea (KSPP, 2009). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. sublineola causing anthracnose on sorghum in South Korea. Although sorghum is a small-scale crop in South Korea, it is necessary to study the biological and pathogenic characteristics of C. sublineola for effective control of sorghum anthracnose.

scholarly journals Control of Phytoparasitic Nematodes Attacking Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ayala ◽  
Domingo Bee
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Sorghum Plant ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Under laboratory conditions, Fensulfothion (20 lb/acre), D-D (40 gal/acre), and Vorlex (40 gal/acre) increased dry weights of sorghum roots over those of the controls, two other nematicides, and two fungicides. Under field conditions methyl bromide (1 lb/100 ft2) was highly effective in one experiment but not in a second one. Preplant soil treatments with methyl bromide, Fensulfothion (30 lb/acre and D-D (40 gal/acre) increased plant top dry weights 132, 106, and 66%, respectively, over the control plants. Vorlex (40 gal/acre), D-D (40 gal/acre) and Fensulfothion (20 lb/acre) significantly increased plant top dry weight over nontreated plants and the Oxamyl and Phenamiphos treatments. Of three different dosages evaluated, 20 lb/acre of Fensulfothion and 60 gal of D-D/acre significantly increased sorghum plant tops dry weight by 44% over the controls. Both under field and greenhouse conditions, soil fungicides and insecticides failed to produce significant increases. Nematode population levels and pH were lower in plants showing symptoms of abnormal growth with purple leaves and reddish rootlets than in healthy-looking plants free of the symptoms; Al concentration was higher in soil around stunted plants.

MORPHOLOGY AND CYTOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF ANEUPLOIDS OF SORGHUM BICOLOR

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Lin ◽  
J. G. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Triploid Plant

Ten types of single trisomics were tentatively classified within a progeny of a selfed homozygous triploid plant of Sorghum bicolor Moench using morphological characteristics. Of the 111 offspring obtained, 40 were found to be diploid, 58 trisomic, 11 double trisomic, 1 triple trisomic and 1 plant (because no heads were formed) unknown. Most of these trisomics were less vigorous than the diploids. Trisomics differed in number of tillers, plant height, panicle length, and fertility. Two types of trisomics had abnormalities apparently related to the sterility observed in these types. In Type 8, pollen grains had papilliform appendages and in Type 9 ovaries contained tumorous growths.One double trisomic was tentatively identified as Type 1–4 according to morphological appearances. Cytological analysis of pairing relationships of metaphase I of this plant indicated a close correspondance to the theoretical expectation.The trisomic types (excluding variants) arranged in order of decreasing frequency of occurrence correlated well with their order in decreasing percentage of trivalent formation. This order, therefore, might be interpreted to give an indication of the relative length of the extra chromosome found in each trisomic type.

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