scholarly journals Control of Phytoparasitic Nematodes Attacking Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ayala ◽  
Domingo Bee
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Abnormal Growth ◽  
Sorghum Plant ◽  
Phytoparasitic Nematodes ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Under laboratory conditions, Fensulfothion (20 lb/acre), D-D (40 gal/acre), and Vorlex (40 gal/acre) increased dry weights of sorghum roots over those of the controls, two other nematicides, and two fungicides. Under field conditions methyl bromide (1 lb/100 ft2) was highly effective in one experiment but not in a second one. Preplant soil treatments with methyl bromide, Fensulfothion (30 lb/acre and D-D (40 gal/acre) increased plant top dry weights 132, 106, and 66%, respectively, over the control plants. Vorlex (40 gal/acre), D-D (40 gal/acre) and Fensulfothion (20 lb/acre) significantly increased plant top dry weight over nontreated plants and the Oxamyl and Phenamiphos treatments. Of three different dosages evaluated, 20 lb/acre of Fensulfothion and 60 gal of D-D/acre significantly increased sorghum plant tops dry weight by 44% over the controls. Both under field and greenhouse conditions, soil fungicides and insecticides failed to produce significant increases. Nematode population levels and pH were lower in plants showing symptoms of abnormal growth with purple leaves and reddish rootlets than in healthy-looking plants free of the symptoms; Al concentration was higher in soil around stunted plants.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Abu Dan Proporsi Pasir-Kompos Di Dalam Media Pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrian Isro Rahmadi ◽  
Tundjung Tripeni Handayan ◽  
Martha L Lande
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biology Department ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
The Media ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Department Faculty ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The aim of this experiment was to determine the effect of the addition of ash and sand-compost proportion in the media on the growth of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Theexperiment was conducted on December 2015 to January 2016 in the Botanical Laboratory,Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Lampung University, andwas conducted in a complete randomized design by using two treatments. The first treatmentwas the addition of ash in two equivalents (with and without ash), the second treatment wasthe addition of sand-compost proportion in four equivalents (2 kg of sand, 1¾ kg of sand +¼ kg of compost, 1½ kg of sand + ½ kg of compost, 1¼ kg of sand + ¾ kg of compost). Theobserved variables of the growth were the number of the roots, the crown’s length, the wetweight, and the dry weight. The number of the roots was determined by observing thenumber of the roots present at the base of the stalk of each plants. The length of the crown(cm) was determined by measuring it from the stalk’s base to the edge of the longest leaf.The wet weight (g) was determined by measuring the whole part of the plant using ananalytical balance. The dry weight (g) was measured after the plants were stored in an ovenfor three hours in the temperature of 70o-80oC. The result showed that the best growth wasobtained from the media with the sand equivalent of 1¼ kg of sand added with ¾ kg ofcompost without ash.Key words: Ash, compost, growth of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.), sand

scholarly journals Toxic affects of chromium on some quality parameters of Sorghum bicolor (L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweety Sihag ◽  
U. N. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A pot experiment was conducted to determine the effects of varying Cr (VI) levels [0.0–4.0 mg Cr (VI) kg-1 soil in the form of potassium dichromate] on the some quality parameters of sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.). Quality parameters was measured in terms of protein content, chlorophyll content, and IVDMD ( In vitro dry matter digestibility) content at different growth stages, i.e. 35 DAS, 70 DAS and 90 DAS (Days after sowing) that were adversely affected with an increase in Cr (VI) levels from 0.0 to 4.0 mg Cr (VI) kg-1 soil. The decline in protein content 4.67 g/ kg dry weight at T4 was observed as compared to control (T1) ( 8.96 g/kg dry weight basis) at 35 DAS in leaves , Total chlorophyll content declined from 3.25 mg g-1 fresh weight (T1) to 2.40 mg g-1 fresh weight (T4) at 35 DAS and IVDMD content declined from 43.60 to 33.60 per cent dry weight basis with increment in chromium concentration. It is concluded that Cr (VI) at higher doses (4.0 mg Cr (VI) kg-1 soil) adversly affects the quality parameters of Forage sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.) however, quality parameters are responsible for nutritive value of sorghum Sorghum bicolor (L.).

scholarly journals Effect of petrol and spent oil on the growth of Guinea Corn (Sorghum bicolor L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronke Justina Komolafe ◽  
Olatunde M. Akinola ◽  
Oludare James Agbolade
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Petroleum Pollutant

This study assessed the effect of petrol and spent lubricating oil on the major growth traits (such as root length, stem length, leaf area, and biomass), and the changes in epidermal layer of leaf and its mitotic index in Guinea Corn (<em>Sorghum bicolor</em> L.) exposed to 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% concentrations of petrol and spent lubricating oil. Each concentration was mixed with 3 kg of soil in a plastic pot and each treatment was carried out in three replicates. Forty days after planting, the leaf areas of guinea corn plant were 95.83 cm2, 89.67 cm2, 89.47 cm2, and 77.80 cm2 in control, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% respectively of petrol pollutant. The means of stem length were 32.50±0.5 cm, 22.60±0.65 cm, 21.27±0.75 cm, 20.83±0.28 cm and 20.33±0.28 cm in control, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. Both leaf area and stem length of treated seedlings reduced with increased concentration of the pollutants. Additionally, reduction in the dry weight of the seedlings increased with increasing concentration of both petrol and spent oil. The micrograph of the internal anatomy of the upper epidermal layers of the leaf revealed broken and scattered epidermal cells and smaller sizes of the stomata, and were increased with the increasing concentration of the treatment. Statistical analysis of the treatment shows that there was a significant reduction (P&lt;0.05) in the stem length and leaf area of the seedlings. This study revealed that petroleum pollutant adversely affected germination, growth and development of guinea corn but petroleum products like spent oil can provide nutrition necessary for growth and yield of plant at low concentration.

Diazotroph establishment and maintenance in the Sorghum – Glomus – Azospirillum association

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 977-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond S. Pacovsky
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Glomus Etunicatum ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench cv. Bok 8) plants were grown in either a high peat or a low organic matter substrate and inoculated with a pigmented strain of Azospirillum brasilense (Cd). Half of the plants were also inoculated with the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus etunicatum, while the remaining plants were fertilized with levels of phosphorus that had been found to be comparable to P input resulting from mycorrhizal colonization. Plants were harvested 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks postemergence. Total plant dry weight was statistically similar (p > 0.05) between the two treatments for each substrate at all harvests. For each substrate, Azospirillum counts per gram of root were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in mycorrhizal roots at all harvests than in P-fertilized roots, and also higher in the high peat substrate compared with the low organic matter substrate. The ratio of the total number of inoculated A. brasilense cells in the Glomus-colonized compared to the P-fertilized roots was positively and significantly correlated (r = 0.81; p < 0.05) with % VAM colonization. Colonization of sorghum roots by G. etunicatum thus enhanced the establishment and persistence of A. brasilense in the endorhizosphere of sorghum.Key words: Azospirillum brasilense, endomycorrhizae, Glomus etunicatum, rhizosphere, Sorghum bicolor.

PERÍODO ANTERIOR À INTERFERÊNCIA DE PLANTAS DANINHAS EM SORGO GRANÍFERO E FORRAGEIRO

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 470
Author(s):  
GUILHERME MATOS MARTINS DINIZ ◽  
RENATA OLIVEIRA BATISTA ◽  
IRAN DIAS BORGES ◽  
HELLEN MARTINS SILVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Central Lines ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Competition For Light ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

RESUMO – Plantas daninhas promovem perdas na produtividade do sorgo (Sorghum bicolor) devido à competição por luz, nutrientes e água por influencia alelopática, justificando o estudo da competição e interferência na cultura. O objetivo com este trabalho foi determinar o período anterior a interferência em variedades de sorgo pela comunidade de plantas daninhas. A unidade experimental consistiu de que quatro linhas, sendo as duas linhas centrais a área útil de cada parcela. Os tratamentos foram compostos de duas cultivares de sorgo (BR 304 granífero e BRS 610 forrageiro) e sete épocas de início da supressão de plantas daninhas (0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 e 48 dias após a emergência) com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as características: altura da planta, número de plantas por hectare, pesos verde e seco por hectare. Conclui-se que o sorgo granífero BR304 possui um período de convivência com plantas daninhas de até 8 dias após a emergência, enquanto na cultivar de sorgo forrageiro BRS 610 esse período deverá ser de até 16 dias após a emergência.Palavras-chave: Competição, cultivares, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.ABSTRACT - Weeds promote losses in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain production due to competition for light, nutrients and water and also due to the allelopathic effect, which justify the study of the competition and weed interference in this crop. The objective of this study was to determine the period that precedes the interference of the weed community on sorghum varieties. The experimental unit consisted of four lines, being the two central lines of each plot. The treatments consisted of two sorghum cultivars (BR 304 grain and BRS 610 forage) and seven times for the beginning of weed suppression (0, 8, 16, 24, 31, 40 and 48 days after emergence), with four replications. Plant height, number of plants per hectare and fresh and dry weight per hectare were assessed. The results showed that the grain sorghum BR 304 has a period of coexistence with weeds up to 8 days after emergence, and for the forage sorghum BRS 610 the period is up to 16 days after emergence.Keywords: Competition, cultivars, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.

Confirmation of Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Ohio

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Traci L. Brenly-Bultemeier ◽  
Jeff Stachler ◽  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

A population of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) located in Fairfield County, Ohio, was investigated for herbicide resistance after it persisted in a field that had been treated repeatedly with herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS). Herbicide bioassays confirmed cross-resistance of the suspected resistant (R) population to the ALS inhibitors nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and imazethapyr. Herbicide doses required to reduce R shattercane shoot dry weight 50% (i.e., the GR50 values) were > 35,000, > 40,000, and 34,215 g ai/ha for nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and imazethapyr, respectively. In contrast, GR50 values for the same herbicides applied to a susceptible (S) shattercane population from an adjacent county were 0.185, 0.025, and 0.038 g/ha, respectively. The high levels of resistance exhibited by the R population suggest that the resistance mechanism is due to one or more alterations in ALS, the herbicide target site. Effective management of ALS herbicide-resistant shattercane will require an integrated strategy designed to isolate the R population and deplete its soil seed bank while minimizing herbicide selection pressure. Accepted for publication 14 October 2002. Published 21 October 2002.

scholarly journals Calidad de semilla de genotipos isocitoplasmicos de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Víctor Pecina ◽  
Enrique Navarro ◽  
Héctor Williams ◽  
Raúl Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
A1 Cytoplasm ◽  
Harvest Maturity ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

The production of sorghum hybrids depends almost entirely on one genic-cytoplasmic sterility system (Milo-Kafir, A1 Cytoplasm), therefore its importance in increasing the diversity of the number of male-sterile sources, as the named A2 Cytoplasm. This system was introduced at the Rio Bravo Experiment Station (lNIFAP-CIRNE) in Tamaulipas, Mexico, where ge-netic material and seed production were developed. The objetive was to compare the seed quality ofthe isocytoplasmic genotypes (A1 and A2 cytoplasm). A Completely Radomized Experimental Design with Factorial Arrangement and two replications was used. The results show that there were no differences between the two types of cytoplasm (A1 and A2) for the following quality traits: volumetric weight of seeds, 1000 seeds' weight, germination(G) and seedling dry weight (SDW), through nine months of storage; whereas in vigor (G and SDW after fast aging) the A2 cytoplasm surpassed the Al cytoplasm and the same behavior was observed on the seed harvested at its physiological maturity, while at harvest maturity the Al was superior in G and SDW.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KANDUNGAN BRIX PADA BATANG TANAMAN PLASMA NUTFAH SORGUM (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)) Brix Content Evaluation of Sorghum Stem Germplasm (Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench))

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Kristina Dwiatmini ◽  
Andari Risliawati ◽  
Dodin Koswanudin ◽  
Sutoro Sutoro
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gene Bank ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Sorghum Plant ◽  
Sorghum Breeding ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L ◽  
Sorghum Germplasm

<p>Biji sorgum dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pangan, pakan dan bahan industri. Batang tanaman sorgum umumnya mengandung senyawa gula, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai minuman sirup dan bahan baku bioethanol. Untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa gula pada batang tanaman sorgum dapat dilakukan dengan mengukur kadar brix dengan alat refraktometer. Untuk menghasilkan varietas sorgum yang dapat menghasilkan brix tinggi diperlukan sumber genetik untuk pemuliaan tanaman sorgum. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan terhadap 219 aksesi plasma nutfah sorgum koleksi Bank Gen Balitbangtan di BB Biogen. Bahan batang tanaman diperoleh dari pertanaman sorgum yang ditanam pada tahun 2017. Sampel batang tanaman sorgum dipotong menjadi 3 bagian yang sama panjangnya dan diukur kandungan brix dengan refraktometer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi plasma nutfah sorgum dari batang bagian bawah, tengah dan atas memiliki kandungan brix bervariasi yaitu berkisar antara 0.2 – 15.1 %. Aksesi sorgum introduksi ICSV 93051, ICSV 93032, ICSV 93047, ICSR 91026, ICSV 8906, dan ICSV 93007 memiliki kandungan brix lebih dari 14% yang dapat dipergunakan sebagai bahan pemuliaan sorgum manis. Genotipe yang memiliki sifat ganda yang mampu menghasilkan hasil biji dan kandungan brix baik pada tanaman induk maupun ratun perlu mendapat perhatian.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong><strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong> </strong></p><p>       Sorghum seeds are used as a source for food, feed, and industrial materials. Stems of sorghum plants generally contain sugar compounds, so it can be used as a beverage of syrup and raw materials of bioethanol. The content of sugar compounds on the stem of the sorghum plant could be done by measuring brix by using refractometer. Genetic resources are needed to develop sorghum varieties that can produce high brix content in its plant breeding program. A study has been conducted on 219 germplasm accessions of IAARD Gene Bank collection at BB BIOGEN. The plant stem material is derived from the planting of sorghum grown in 2017. The stem of the sorghum plant is cut into 3 equal lengths and brix content measured by refractometer. The results showed that the accession of the sorghum germplasm from the lower, middle, and upper stems reveal that brix content varied from 0.2 to 15.1%. Introduction accession of sorghum i.e. ICSV 93051, ICSV 93032, ICSV 93047, ICSR 91026, ICSV 8906, and ICSV 93007 had a brix content of more than 14% and can be used as parent materials for sweet sorghum breeding. Multiple traits of genotipe which are capable producing seed yield and brix content in both primary plants and ratoon need further attention.</p><p> </p><p><strong><em><br /></em></strong><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Detection and Identification of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria from Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Rhizosphere Soil in Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-515
Author(s):  
Birhanu Babiye ◽  
Beira H. Meressa ◽  
Taye Tessema
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Iaa Production ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Sorghum Production ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are the bacteria which subsist inside and outside of the plant tissue and promote plant growth through direct or indirect mechanisms. To increase sorghum production and productivity we utilize herbicides and chemical fertilizers to overcome sorghum production constraints, but those chemicals have negative side effects. The current study was conducted with the objective of isolation of PGPR from sorghum rhizosphere and screening for primary growth related trait, evaluation of potential PGPR at greenhouse for sorghum growth performance and identify through biochemical characterization. So that, in this study a total of 117 plant growth promoting rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of 12 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotype by cultivating using 3 collected soil samples from the northern part of Ethiopia (Amhara and Tigray regional states) in greenhouse. Isolated bacteria were screened for primary growth promoting traits such as phosphate solubilization test, IAA production test at different concentration of L-tryptophan and ammonia production test. From the isolated bacteria 28% solubilized Phosphorous, 78% produced IAA at different concentration of tryptophan. The greatest IAA production was scored at 100 mg/L of tryptophan and the lowest production of IAA was scored at 150 mg/L of tryptophan, 69% of isolated bacteria produced ammonia. Hence, 15% of isolated bacteria fulfilled the above primary screening test and used for further greenhouse evaluation. Accordingly, eighteen bacteria were tested for greenhouse experiment using completely randomized design and all 18 isolates were significantly increased all the agronomic parameter as compared to the control such as plant shoot height, plant shoot fresh and dry weight, root length, root fresh and dry weight at p < 0.01 and P ≤ 0.001. Two isolates G6E29 and G4E19 had significantly increased all the parameter but two isolates (G12E19 and G3E40) were statistically non-significant for root fresh weight compared to the control. These 18 potential isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically. Eight isolates were grouped at Pseudomonas genera. Six isolates were grouped at Azotobacter and the rest four isolates were grouped at Bacillus genera. Thus, the use of plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria could be useful to improve sorghum production and productivity. However, further molecular identification and evaluation of the isolates exhibiting multiple plant growths promoting traits on plant-microbe interaction for economic crop of Ethiopia is needed to uncover their efficacy as effective plant growth promoting rhizosphere bacteria.

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