scholarly journals Epidemiology of Leprosy in Childhood: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-516
Author(s):  
Rusmawardiana Rusmawardiana ◽  
Fifa Argentina ◽  
Indri Widya Sari
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Household Contact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

A B S T R A C TBackground: Children are the group most susceptible to Mycobacterium lepraeinfection. The proportion of new leprosy cases in children is indicator of successfulleprosy elimination program from World Health Organization (WHO), so this studywould like to know the epidemiology of pediatric leprosy at Dermatology andVenereology Polyclinic, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Methods:Retrospective study of all new cases of leprosy in children (0-17 years) who cameto Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembangfrom January 2017 to December 2020. Results: There were 10 pediatric patients(7.58%) from 132 new leprosy cases. Most cases (40%) were in the 15-17 agegroup. There are more male than female. Most types of leprosy are BL (60%)followed by TT (20%). Manifestations of hyperpigmented skin patches and nervousdisorders, grade 1 disability, and type 2 leprosy reactions are mostly found in typeBL leprosy. The duration of illness 6-12 months has a grade 1 disability (30%).The history of positive contact came from same household in 3 cases (30%) with7 people (70%) domiciled in Palembang. All cases received Multidrug Therapy(MDT) treatment according to WHO guidelines. Conclusion: Found 10 new casesof leprosy in children in Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic Dr. Moh. HoesinPalembang for four years, especially in the 15-17 age group, with the most casesbeing type BL leprosy. Household contact still plays an important role in leprosytransmission.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Leprosy in Childhood: A Retrospective Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-492
Author(s):  
Rusmawardiana ◽  
Fifa Argentina ◽  
Indri Widya Sari
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Multidrug Therapy ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Children are the group most susceptible to Mycobacterium leprae infection. The proportion of new leprosy cases in children is indicator of successful leprosy elimination program from World Health Organization (WHO), so this study would like to know the epidemiology of pediatric leprosy at Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. Methods: Retrospective study of all new cases of leprosy in children (0-17 years) who came to Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic, Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from January 2017 to December 2020. Results: There were 10 pediatric patients (7.58%) from 132 new leprosy cases. Most cases (40%) were in the 15-17 age group. There are more male than female. Most types of leprosy are BL (60%) followed by TT (20%). Manifestations of hyperpigmented skin patches and nervous disorders, grade 1 disability, and type 2 leprosy reactions are mostly found in type BL leprosy. The duration of illness 6-12 months has a grade 1 disability (30%). The history of positive contact came from same household in 3 cases (30%) with 7 people (70%) domiciled in Palembang. All cases received Multidrug Therapy (MDT) treatment according to WHO guidelines. Conclusion: Found 10 new cases of leprosy in children in Dermatology and Venereology Polyclinic Dr. Moh. Hoesin Palembang for four years, especially in the 15-17 age group, with the most cases being type BL leprosy. Household contact still plays an important role in leprosy transmission.

scholarly journals An alternative approach for continuous monitoring of heart and breath sounds in pediatric patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar ◽  
Summaiya Ali ◽  
Fauzia Anis Khan ◽  
Muhammad Suleman
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Breath Sounds ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Anesthetic management in neonates, infants and young children is always a challenge.  Both esophageal and precordial stethoscopes are used for continuous monitoring of heart and breath sounds in this age group. Recent (2018) publication of Standards for Safe Practice of Anesthesia by World Health Organization-World Federation of Societies of Anesthesiologists (WHO-WFSA) have also recommended monitoring with a precordial or esophageal stethoscope. Citation: Kumar D, Ali S, Khan FA, Suleman M. An alternative approach for continuous monitoring of heart and breath sounds in pediatric patients. Anaesth pain & intensive care 2019;23(4):__   Received: 30 December 2019; Reviewed & Accepted: 31 December 2019

scholarly journals Life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children: A Single-center Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedigheh Rafiei Tabatabaei ◽  
Abdollah Karimi ◽  
Shahnaz Armin ◽  
Seyed Alireza Fahimzad ◽  
Roxana Mansour Ghanaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Case Series ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Radiologic Findings ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Group Population ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known as the most recent pandemic condition declared by the World Health Organization (WHO). It is widely believed that this infection is less frequent and severe in children, but few mortality reports are available in this age group population. Case Presentation: We described nine pediatric patients with probable or confirmed COVID-19 who died due to disease complications. Their age ranged between seven months and 14 years. All had underlying diseases, and three of them had been hospitalized before the COVID-19 diagnosis due to their previous medical conditions. Cough and respiratory symptoms were the most common symptoms observed in these patients. Bilateral ground-glass opacities were common radiologic findings. Conclusions: Although COVID-19 is less common in the pediatric group, all ages are vulnerable to this infection, and mortality may occur, especially in patients with underlying diseases. We emphasize that children with underlying diseases and COVID-19 should be hospitalized and monitored tightly during treatment.

Organization of restrictive quarantine measures to prevent especially dangerous infections

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Petr Ilyin
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Health Regulations

Especially dangerous infections (EDIs) belong to the conditionally labelled group of infectious diseases that pose an exceptional epidemic threat. They are highly contagious, rapidly spreading and capable of affecting wide sections of the population in the shortest possible time, they are characterized by the severity of clinical symptoms and high mortality rates. At the present stage, the term "especially dangerous infections" is used only in the territory of the countries of the former USSR, all over the world this concept is defined as "infectious diseases that pose an extreme threat to public health on an international scale." Over the entire history of human development, more people have died as a result of epidemics and pandemics than in all wars combined. The list of especially dangerous infections and measures to prevent their spread were fixed in the International Health Regulations (IHR), adopted at the 22nd session of the WHO's World Health Assembly on July 26, 1969. In 1970, at the 23rd session of the WHO's Assembly, typhus and relapsing fever were excluded from the list of quarantine infections. As amended in 1981, the list included only three diseases represented by plague, cholera and anthrax. However, now annual additions of new infections endemic to different parts of the earth to this list take place. To date, the World Health Organization (WHO) has already included more than 100 diseases in the list of especially dangerous infections.

Gambaran Pengetahuan Remaja Tentang Ca Serviks Dan Perilaku Pencegahan Ca Serviks Di Sma Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Kurniati Yuni Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Birth Control Pills ◽  
Health Organization

ABSTRACT   According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer in develoving countries. In Indonesia, new cases of cervical cancer is 40-45 cases of day. It is estimated every hour, a women died of cervical center. At the general hospital center Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, the incidence of women who had cervical cancer incidence year 2011 women who had cervical cancer incidence are 34 people (48,2%). The following factors increase the chance of cervical cancer in women is infection of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), sexsual behavior, family history of cervical cancer, age, mechanism of how oral contraceptives, smoking, income or socioeconomic status, race , unhealthy diet, the cell abnormal, parity, use of the drug DES (Dietilsbestrol), and birth control pills. The purpose of this study is known of adolescents about cervical cancer in SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang year 2016. This study used Analytic Survey with Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all young women students in SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang with the number of 171 respondents. The results showed there were 171 respondents (37.5%) of respondents were knowledgeable, and (62.52%) of respondents who are knowledgeable unfavorable. These results indicate that knowledgeable either less than those less knowledgeable in both the SMA Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Year 2016. From these results, it is expected that more teens can know about cervical cancer so that it can add a lot of insight and knowledge.     ABSTRAK   Menurut data World Health Organization (WHO), setiap dua menit wanita meninggal dunia karena kanker serviks dinegara berkembang. Di Indonesia, kasus baru kanker serviks 40-45 kasus perhari. Di perkirakan setiap satu jam, seorang perempuan meninggal dunia karena kanker serviks. Di rumah sakit umum pusat Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang, angka kejadian ibu yang mengalami kanker serviks pada tahun 2011 ibu yang mengalami kejadian kanker serviks terdapat 34 orang (48,2%). Faktor-faktor berikut meningkat kan peluang kanker serviks pada wanita yaitu infeksi Human Papiloma virus (HPV), perilaku seks, riwayat keluarga kanker serviks, umur ,mekanisme bagaimana kontrasepsi peroral, merokok, pendapatan atau status social ekonomi, ras, diet tidak sehat, adanya sel abnormal, paritas, menggunakan obat DES (Dietilsbestrol),dan pil KB. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Diketahuinya pengetahuan remaja tentang Ca Cerviks di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey  analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua siswi remaja putri di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang dengan jumlah 171 responden.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 171 responden terdapat(37.5 %) responden yang berpengetahuan baik, dan (62.52  %) responden yang berpengetahuan kurang baik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa yang berpengetahuan baik lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan  yang berpengetahuan kurang baik di SMA Negeri Tebing Tinggi Empat Lawang Tahun 2016. Dari hasil penelitian ini, Diharapkan remaja bisa lebih banyak mengetahui tentang caserviks sehingga dapat menambah banyak wawasan dan pengetahuan.    

A Framework Convention on Alcohol Control: Getting Concrete about Its Contents

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Robin ROOM ◽  
Jenny CISNEROS ÖRNBERG
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Alcohol Control ◽  
The World ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Narcotic Drugs

This article proposes and discusses the text of a Framework Convention on Alcohol Control, which would serve public health and welfare interests. The history of alcohol’s omission from current drug treaties is briefly discussed. The paper spells out what should be covered in the treaty, using text adapted primarily from the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, but for the control of trade from the 1961 narcotic drugs treaty. While the draft provides for the treaty to be negotiated under the auspices of the World Health Organization, other auspices are possible. Excluding alcohol industry interests from the negotiation of the treaty is noted as an important precondition. The articles in the draft treaty and their purposes are briefly described, and the divergences from the tobacco treaty are described and justified. The text of the draft treaty is provided as Supplementary Material. Specification of concrete provisions in a draft convention points the way towards more effective global actions and agreements on alcohol control, whatever form they take.

scholarly journals Has the COVID 19 Virus Changed Adherence to Hand Washing among Healthcare Workers?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rosalia Ragusa ◽  
Marina Marranzano ◽  
Alessandro Lombardo ◽  
Rosalba Quattrocchi ◽  
Maria Alessandra Bellia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
World Health ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hospital Wards

The aim of the study was to assess adherence to hand washing by healthcare workers (HCWs) and its variations over time in hospital wards. We wanted to check whether the pandemic had changed the behavior of HCWs. The study was conducted between 1 January 2015, and 31 December 2020. The HCWs were observed to assess their compliance with the Five Moments for Hand Hygiene. We described the percentage of adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines stratified per year, per specialty areas, per different types of HCWs. We also observed the use of gloves. Descriptive data were reported as frequencies and percentages. We observed 13,494 hand hygiene opportunities. The majority of observations concerned nurses who were confirmed as the category most frequently involved with patients. Hospital’s global adherence to WHO guidelines did not change in the last six years. During the pandemic, the rate of adherence to the procedure increased significantly only in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). In 2020, the use of gloves increased in pre-patient contact. The hand-washing permanent monitoring confirmed that it is very difficult to obtain the respect of correct hand hygiene in all opportunities, despite the ongoing pandemic and the fear of contagion.

scholarly journals Bleeding risks are higher in children versus adults given prophylactic platelet transfusions for treatment-induced hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra D. Josephson ◽  
Suzanne Granger ◽  
Susan F. Assmann ◽  
Marta-Inés Castillejo ◽  
Ronald G. Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
World Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Treatment Category ◽  
Dose Trial ◽  
Health Organization

Age-group analyses were conducted of patients in the prophylactic platelet dose trial (PLADO), which evaluated the relation between platelet dose per transfusion and bleeding. Hospitalized patients with treatment-induced hypoproliferative thrombocytopenia were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 platelet doses: 1.1 × 1011, 2.2 × 1011, or 4.4 × 1011 platelets/m2 per transfusion, given for morning counts of ≤ 10 000 platelets/μL. Daily hemostatic assessments were performed. The primary end point (percentage of patients who developed grade 2 or higher World Health Organization bleeding) was evaluated in 198 children (0-18 years) and 1044 adults. Although platelet dose did not predict bleeding for any age group, children overall had a significantly higher risk of grade 2 or higher bleeding than adults (86%, 88%, 77% vs 67% of patients aged 0-5 years, 6-12 years, 13-18 years, vs adults, respectively) and more days with grade 2 or higher bleeding (median, 3 days in each pediatric group vs 1 day in adults; P < .001). The effect of age on bleeding differed by disease treatment category and was most pronounced among autologous transplant recipients. Pediatric subjects were at higher risk of bleeding over a wide range of platelet counts, indicating that their excess bleeding risk may be because of factors other than platelet counts. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00128713.

Health Problems of Adolescence: Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organization:

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-392
Author(s):  
THOMAS E. CONE
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Committee Meeting ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
The World ◽  
Group 15 ◽  
Health Organization

This is a timely, concise, eminently practical, thoughtfully, even tenderly, written 28 page report of a recent WHO Expert Committee meeting on the health problems of adolescence. The members and the consultants to the Committee deftly summarize the major worldwide trends affecting our adolescent population. The size of this population is staggering; in the age group 15-19 years alone there are already 300 million adolescents in the world, and there seems every likelihood that these numbers will increase rapidly during the next decade.

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