A REVIEW ON UROLITHIASIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Umesh Kumar Gilhotra
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Renal Surgery ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave

Urolithiasis is the urinary disorder characterized by formation of stone in the urinary tract, urinary bladder and kidneys. Urolithiasis is considered to be a risk of urinary incontinence and may be associated with urinary incontinence. A urinary stone commonly occurs in males and are calculated on the basis of their mineral composition. Approximately 80% of urinary stones composed as calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate. Urinary calculi can cause disruption to the urinary system, hydrophoresis, infections and bleeding. Root stone formation is the result of several mechanisms. Whereas exceeding supersaturation (i.e. free stone formation) is the cause of uric acid or cystine calculi, infection stones result from bacterial metabolism. Renal calculi can be broadly classified in two large groups: tissue attached and unattached. Components in diet increase the risk of stone formation include low intake of fluid and animal protein, sodium, sugar and syrup high corn fruit, oxalate, grape juice, apple juice and cola drinks.   Vegetarian diets, spices and liquids may be helpful in treating and prevention and kidney stones. Therefore, the best way to prevent kidney stones is to consume a lot of water and a magnesium rich vegan. Common medications used to prevent urolithiasis do not work for all patients, and many have adverse effects that endanger their long-term use.  Managing today's urolithiasis with open renal surgery is unusual and rarely used, only by the introduction of Extracorporeal Shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is useful but it is expensive. Herbs and herbal medicines have created interest among people with its clinically proven effects such as immunomodulation and antimutagenic. Also, abusing synthetic drugs due to serious side effects of the drug has allowed humans to return to nature for safe treatment. Kew words: hydrophoresis, Urolithiasis

Demographic Study of Water Hardness with Potential to Predict Formation of Renal Crystals

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deeptiman Chatterjee ◽  
Vishaka Verma ◽  
Amiti ◽  
Sheija Rohil ◽  
Narayanasamy Arunai Nambi Raj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Demographic Study ◽  
Kidney Stone Formation

Kidney stones or renal calculi or Nephrolithiasis is a common health problem in both developed and developing nations [1,2]. Analysis of the chemical and physical properties of renal calculi helps in preventing their formation and treatment. In this study, we evaluated the hardness of water used for drinking purposes, in an attempt to correlate water hardness with an increased incidence of stone formation. Identifying risk factors help to develop a preventive strategy to reduce the risk of renal calculi formation. The incidence of kidney stone formation in Vellore district was correlated with the hardness of water samples taken from different areas in Vellore. The study can be employed at a larger demographic level for effective and economic monitoring of the risk of kidney stone formation.

Kidney stones

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Turney ◽  
John Reynard
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Drug History ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Urine Biochemistry

The composition of kidney stones is variable and the predisposing factors multifactorial. Consequently, a detailed evaluation of the patient’s lifestyle, diet, fluid intake, medical history, drug history, urinary tract anatomy, blood, and urine biochemistry and stone composition is required determine predisposing factors for stone formation in an individual patient. Combinatorial subtle variants in biochemistry may act synergistically to increase risk of stone formation/recurrence. Many medications may alter blood and/or urine biochemistry and predispose to stone formation. Corticosteroids increase absorption of calcium from the gut and cause hypercalciuria. Topirimate (for seizures or migraines), sulphasalazine (for rheumatoid arthritis), diuretics containing triamterene, acetazolamide (for myotonia), antacids containing trisilicate, calcium supplements, vitamin D supplements, vitamin C in high doses, indinavir (for HIV), and some herbal medicines (containing ephedrine) all increase stone risk.

scholarly journals Vaginal Urinary Calculi Formation Secondary to Vaginal Mesh Exposure with Urinary Incontinence

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara M. Griffiths ◽  
Geoffrey D. Towers ◽  
Jerome L. Yaklic
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Mesh Erosion ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Mesh Exposure ◽  
Mesh Placement ◽  
Additional Imaging ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vaginal Calculus

Background. Vaginal stones may form in the setting of mesh exposure with urinary incontinence. This report serves to help understand the presentation, evaluation, and management of vaginal urinary stones.Case. A 68-year-old female presented with a vaginal calculus. She had a history of anterior and posterior polypropylene mesh placement for prolapse 7 years earlier and urinary incontinence. The stone was identified on a portion of exposed mesh and removed in office. Pathology confirmed urinary etiology. The exposed mesh resolved with topical estrogen. Cystourethroscopy excluded urinary fistula and bladder mesh erosion.Conclusions. When identified, a vaginal calculus should be removed and evaluated for composition. Cystourethroscopy should be performed to assess potential urinary tract fistulas and mesh erosion. Additional imaging should be considered.

A Critical Review on Antiurolithiatic Activity of Bioactive Phytoconstituents

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
Dheepa Anand ◽  
Chandrasekar R ◽  
Sivagami B
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Food Habits ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Emerging Infections

New drugs are introduced in the market every year and new diseases are emerging every year and there is no cure for existing diseases. Though new drugs are being approved by the FDA every year, controlling emerging infections is a global concern. Due to increased side effects and toxicity the modern world is turning towards herbal medicine. Due to few reasons like global warming, food habits and modern life style disease like Urolithiasis places a significant economic burden on the healthcare system, especially in developed and developing countries where, owing to changes in food habits and lifestyle, the prevalence of stone disease has significantly increased over the last few decades; unfortunately, it will probably continue to increase for a number of reasons. Despite considerable improvements in the development of new herbal therapies for the management of urinary stones, the incidence of urolithiasis is increasing worldwide. However, it is evident that crystal retention, cell apoptosis, renal cell injury, and associated stone promoters or inhibitors play important roles for kidney stone formation. In addition, the identification of novel phytoconstituents on the basis of molecular and cellular alterations in relation to stone formation will help develop better herbal remedies. Moreover, better understanding of the mechanisms of urolithiasis associated with stone inhibitors or promoters will be critical for stone-removing medications. This review encompasses different medicinal plants, polyherbal formulations and phytoconstituents used in the treatment of Kidney stones. More interdisciplinary research is needed to develop new plant-derived high-quality natural products to treat and prevent the formation of kidney stones.

scholarly journals Treatment of Kidney Stones Using Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and Double-J Stent in Infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Younesi Rostami ◽  
Mehrdad Taghipour-Gorgikolai ◽  
Rayka Sharifian
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽  
Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Double J Stent

Background. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has progressively acquired popularity as being the gold standard treatment for upper urinary tract lithiasis in infants since 1980. Our aim was to evaluate the outcome of ESWL for kidney stones and the use of double-J stent in infants.Material and Methods. A prospective clinical trial study performed on 50 infants with renal calculi at pelvic admitted in the Urology ward of Shafa Hospital, Sari, Iran, between 2001 and 2010. Main outcome measure of our study was clearing stones after one or more consecutive sessions of ESWL.Results. The study included 50 patients with renal calculi at pelvic. Among them, there were 35 (70%) boys and 15 (30%) girls with the age ranging from 1 to 13 months (mean of 7 month ± 3 days). All of them were treated by standard ESWL using Simons Lithostor plus machine. The stone sizes ranged from 6 mm to 22 mm. Double-J stents were placed in 11 infants (22%) with stones larger than 13 mm. Most of the patients required only one ESWL session.Conclusion. Since there were no complications following ESWL treatment, we can conclude that, in short term, ESWL is an effective and safe treatment modality for renal lithiasis in infants. In addition, we recommend double-J stent in infants with stones larger than 13 mm.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE ETIOPATHOGENESIS AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF RENAL CALCULI

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2740-2745
Author(s):  
Harsh Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Dinesh Chandra Sharma ◽  
Vinod Meena
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Renal Calculi ◽  
The United States ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nucleation Theory ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Waste Products

Calculus (Stone) is a polycrystalline aggregate made up of different quantities of the crystalloid and organic matrix. Urine calculus is a stone-like formation made up of urine salts held together by a colloid matrix or organic elements. It has a nucleus or nidus around which concentric layers of urinary salts are formed, giving it a stone-like appear- ance. Urolithiasis (from Greek oûron, "urine," and lithos, "stone") is a urinary system pathology in which urinary crystalloids clump together anywhere in the urinary tract, from the kidney to the bladder. The kidneys play a critical role in excreting waste products from the body, but various problems can disrupt the urinary system's crucial activ- ities and cause illnesses, one of which is urolithiasis. Urinary calculi are worldwide in distribution but are particu- larly common in some geographic locations such as in parts of the United States, South Africa, India and South- East Asia. Renal calculi are characterised clinically by colicky pain (renal colic) as they pass down along the ureter and manifest by haematuria. This article focuses on the etiopathogenesis of Renal Stone, predisposing factors, and its pathophysiology for a better understanding of the disease so that its formation can be prevented, and the formed calculi can be treated with better knowledge. Keywords: Urinary Stones, Oxalates, Predisposing factors: urinary crystalloids, Hyperoxaluria, Hypercalciuria, Super-Saturation Theory, Nucleation Theory, Randall’s plaque

Benefaction of Herbals in the Management of Urolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Yadav ◽  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Yatin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Forced Return

: Kidney stone formation or Urolithiasis is a common problem over many centuries with no guarantee of effective treatment and, a high recurrence rate. Urolithiasis is precipitation of insoluble and less soluble salt such as Oxalate and Phosphate in the urinary tract causing obstruction in the urethra resulting in renal colic and, hematuria. Approximately, 10-12% of the population in industrialized countries are severely affected by Urinary stones. In, only a few geographical areas is stone disease rare, e.g., in the coastal areas of Japan and Germany. It was believed that, 11% of people in India are suffering from urinary stone problems, and approximately 50% of these cases may lead to severe renal damage. Ultimately it causes severe health issues in terms of urinary tract obstruction, severe pain, and infection that adversely affects the health of individuals. Diuretics and narcotic analgesic like drugs which are used to prevent and cure urolithiasis are not effective in all cases and are costly, give quite common recurrences, risk long term fertility and, other potential side effects are observed. So, humans are forced return to Nature for safe remedies using herbal treatment. A great number of Indian medicinal plants have been investigated in the treatment of urolithiasis, and they have been reported to be safe and effective. In the present review, an effort has been made to highlight such herbal medicines which are potentially effective in the management of urolithiasis.

Changing in gender prevalence of nephrolithiasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 039156032096620
Author(s):  
Elisa Cicerello ◽  
Mario S Mangano ◽  
Giandavide Cova ◽  
Matteo Ciaccia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male To Female

Although nephrolithiasis is a more common disease in men rather than women, several studies over the last decades show that the male to female ratio 3:1 is narrowing. These finding may be associated to modified risk factors for stone formation between females and males. Changes in lifestyle and increasing obesity in women may play a role in shifting of gender disparity. Furthermore, recent studies have demonstrated an increase of kidney stones in women which have necessitated emergency department visits (ED). Therefore, females show a greater percentage of mortality rate if compared to males, especially if stone disease is associated to urosepsis and requires the admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). This article reviews recent insights into changing gender prevalence in urinary calculi and into identifying the relation between gender and risk factors for stone disease, that in case of severe urosepsis might also lead to mortality.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones in the Azorean Population (São Miguel Island - Portugal): A Preliminary Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Paula Silva Linhares ◽  
Patricia Ventura Garcia ◽  
Sara Goulart ◽  
Carlos Sebastião ◽  
Pedro Mota Preto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Family History ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Urinary Stones

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. However, the main risk factors and chemical composition of urinary stones in the population of the Azores are unknown. The objective of this study was to define the most important factors associated with the formation of urinary calculi, investigating eating habits, family history and chemical composition of the calculi in the population of the Azores. Methods: The data were collected from 46 patients of the Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo and 48 healthy volunteers. A questionnaire was recorded on the medical and family history of the participants and on their life habits. The chemical composition of the calculi was evaluated by ICP-MS. Results: It was observed that the study group has a higher prevalence of diabetes and cases of urinary calculi in the family compared to the reference group. A positive correlation was found between calcium in the stones and the contents of sodium, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and strontium. Conclusion: This study reveals that family history, diabetes and water consumption play an important role in the development of urinary calculi in the population of the Azores. The chemical content of the stones should also be considered since these data could help the medical community to understand the causes of urinary stone formation and adapt the medication and preventive measures to the patient and to the type of kidney stone produced.

Uric acid stones, clinical manifestations and therapeutic considerations

2018 ◽  
Vol 94 (1114) ◽  
pp. 458-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Ma ◽  
Li Fang ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
Liang Ma ◽  
Guohai Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Dual Energy Ct ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
Uric Acid Stones

Uric acid stones account for 10%–15% of all urinary stones. Changes in dietary habits, environment or both can result in the increase of uric acid stones. The formation of uric acid stones is related to hyperuricosuria, low urinary volume and persistently low urinary pH. Diabetes and obesity also significantly increase the risk of stone formation. Dual-energy CT provides a convenient and reliable method for diagnosis. Stone composition analysis and 24-hour urine metabolic evaluations should be considered for further evaluation. Most small uric acid stones (diameter <2 cm) can be treated by pharmacotherapy or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. However, ureteroscopy and other minimally invasive procedures should be reserved for larger stones (diameter ≥2 cm), or patients with concomitant urinary tract obstruction and/or infections. Additionally, adjustment of potential pathophysiologic defects by pharmacotherapy and dietary modification is strongly recommended for the prevention of uric stone recurrence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document