scholarly journals Septilin, A Polyherbal Formulation Against the Immunosuppression Induced by Cyclophosphamide and Cisplatin in Swiss Albino Mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Shruthi S ◽  
◽  
Bhasker K. Shenoy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Haematological Study ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Septilin (Spt) is an ayurvedic drug formulation from Himalaya Drug Company and is well-known for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Interest in the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicine as immunomodulators has currently been the subject of scientific investigation worldwide. Cyclophosphamide (CP) and Cisplatin (Csp) are widely used chemotherapeutic drugs and are known for their immunosuppressive effects. Methods: The present study evaluated the immune-stimulating activity of Spt (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg; PO/7 days) against CP (50 mg/kg) and Csp (10 mg/kg) induced immunosuppression in mice sensitized with sheep Red Blood Cells (RBC) by measuring Hemagglutination Antibody (HA) titre values and by determining the haematological parameters, such as Haemoglobin (Hb) content, White Blood Cells (WBC), RBC and platelet counts. Thymus index and differential counts of leukocytes were also determined. Results: Upon HA assay, the titre was significantly decreased in CP (59.40%) and Csp (62.16%) in the treatment groups (P<0.001). An increase in the HA titre value in Spt-treated mice showed the stimulation of humoral immune response (P<0.001). The results of haematological study in Spt-treated mice indicated stimulation of total leukocytes, RBC and platelet counts. Moreover, Spt treatment prior to the administration of CP and Csp prevented the loss of body weight and minimized their adverse effect on the mice thymus. Conclusion: Our experimental evidence suggests the immunostimulatory potency of Spt against the immunosuppression induced by chemotherapeutic drugs in mice. The study results are comparable with the immune-potentiating effects of standard immunomodulatory drug Levamisole (Lev). Hence, Spt may be used as an adjuvant to obviate the immune suppression induced by chemotherapeutic medications.

scholarly journals Association between serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation in the Swedish AMORIS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
aida santaolalla ◽  
Sam Sollie ◽  
Ali Rislan ◽  
Debra H. Josephs ◽  
Niklas Hammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System

Abstract Background: Although the onset of inflammatory cascades may profoundly influence the nature of antibody responses, the interplay between inflammatory and humoral (antibody) immune markers remains unclear. Thus, we explored the reciprocity between the humoral immune system and inflammation and assessed how external socio-demographic factors may influence these interactions.Methods: From the AMORIS cohort, 5,513 individuals were identified with baseline measurements of serum humoral immune (immunoglobulin G, A & M (IgG, IgA, IgM)) and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, haptoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), iron and total iron-binding capacity) markers measured on the same day. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to evaluate biomarkers correlation, variation and associations. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess associations between biomarkers and educational level, socio-economic status, sex and age.Results: Frequently used serum markers for inflammation, CRP, haptoglobin and white blood cells, correlated together. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis confirmed the interaction between these main biological responses, showing an acute response component (CRP, Haptoglobin, WBC, IgM) and adaptive response component (Albumin, Iron, TIBC, IgA, IgG). A socioeconomic gradient associated with worse health outcomes was observed, specifically low educational level, older age and male sex were associated with serum levels that indicated infection and inflammation.Conclusions: These findings indicate that serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation closely interact in response to infection or inflammation. Clustering analysis presented two main immune response components: an acute and an adaptive response, comprising markers of both biological pathways. Future studies should shift from single internal marker assessment to multiple humoral and inflammation serum markers combined, when assessing risk of clinical outcomes such as cancer.

scholarly journals Stimulation of superoxide release by thymol in white blood cells: Species specificity

1986 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Yukio Suzuki ◽  
Shin Nakamura ◽  
Shin-ichi Miyoshi ◽  
Katsumi Sugiyama ◽  
Hiroaki Furuta
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Superoxide Release ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Association between serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation in the Swedish AMORIS study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Santaolalla ◽  
Sam Sollie ◽  
Ali Rislan ◽  
Debra H. Josephs ◽  
Niklas Hammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System

Abstract Background Although the onset of inflammatory cascades may profoundly influence the nature of antibody responses, the interplay between inflammatory and humoral (antibody) immune markers remains unclear. Thus, we explored the reciprocity between the humoral immune system and inflammation and assessed how external socio-demographic factors may influence these interactions. From the AMORIS cohort, 5513 individuals were identified with baseline measurements of serum humoral immune [immunoglobulin G, A & M (IgG, IgA, IgM)] and inflammation (C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, haptoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), iron and total iron-binding capacity) markers measured on the same day. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to evaluate biomarkers correlation, variation and associations. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess associations between biomarkers and educational level, socio-economic status, sex and age. Results Frequently used serum markers for inflammation, CRP, haptoglobin and white blood cells, correlated together. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis confirmed the interaction between these main biological responses, showing an acute response component (CRP, Haptoglobin, WBC, IgM) and adaptive response component (Albumin, Iron, TIBC, IgA, IgG). A socioeconomic gradient associated with worse health outcomes was observed, specifically low educational level, older age and male sex were associated with serum levels that indicated infection and inflammation. Conclusions These findings indicate that serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation closely interact in response to infection or inflammation. Clustering analysis presented two main immune response components: an acute and an adaptive response, comprising markers of both biological pathways. Future studies should shift from single internal marker assessment to multiple humoral and inflammation serum markers combined, when assessing risk of clinical outcomes such as cancer.

scholarly journals Effect of the inclusion of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) in diet on growth and haematology of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
W. Buba ◽  
S. Duru ◽  
J. Metemilola ◽  
C. Uchendu ◽  
A.O. Iyiola-Tunji
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) as feed additive in rabbit diet on growth and hematological parameters of rabbits was investigated using a number of 24 non-descript rabbits in an eight (8) weeks feeding trial. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0g scent leaf (SL) per kg of feed. The diets were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of 6 rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Feed intake and weight gain was taken and used to calculate other growth performance parameters while blood sample (2 ml) was collected aseptically between 6:30 and 7:30 am from three rabbits per treatment and transferred into heparinised tubes which was used to determine the haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, red blood cells and white blood cells). The results showed that there was significant (P<0.05) differences in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) across the four (4) treatment groups with treatment group fed scent leaf at 4.0g/kg diet having the highest weight gain and the best FCR. There was also significant difference (P<0.05) in albumin and cholesterol levels. Haematological parameters showed significant difference (P<0.05) across the treatment groups with treatment group fed 2.0g scent leaf having the lowest white blood cell (8.00 x 1012 /L). In conclusion treatment group fed 4.0g scent leaf gave the best result in terms of weight gain and FCR.  

scholarly journals Association between serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation in the Swedish AMORIS study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
aida santaolalla ◽  
Sam Sollie ◽  
Ali Rislan ◽  
Debra H. Josephs ◽  
Niklas Hammar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Response Component ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System

Abstract Background: Although the onset of inflammatory cascades may profoundly influence the nature of antibody responses, the interplay between inflammatory and humoral immune markers remains unclear. Thus, we explored the reciprocity between the humoral immune system and inflammation and assessed how external socio-demographic factors influence these interactions.Methods: From the AMORIS cohort, 5,513 individuals were identified with baseline measurements of serum humoral immune (immunoglobulin G, A & M) and inflammation (CRP, albumin, haptoglobin, white blood cells, iron & total iron-binding capacity) markers measured on the same day. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering were used to evaluate biomarkers correlation, variation and associations. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess associations between biomarkers and educational level, socio-economic status, sex and age.Results: Frequently used serum markers for inflammation, CRP, haptoglobin and white blood cells, correlated together. Markers of the humoral immune system, immunoglobulin A and G, also correlated together. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis confirmed the interaction between these main biological responses, showing an acute response component (CRP, Haptoglobin, WBC, IgM) and adaptive response component (Albumin, Iron, TIBC, IgA, IgG). A socioeconomic gradient associated with worse health outcomes was observed, specifically low educational level, older age and male sex were associated with serum levels that indicated infection and inflammation.Conclusions: These findings indicate that serum markers of the humoral immune system and inflammation closely interact in response to infection or inflammation. Correlation and clustering analysis presented two main immune response components: an acute and an adaptive response, comprising markers of both biological pathways. Future studies should shift from single internal marker assessment to multiple humoral and inflammation serum markers combined, when assessing risk of clinical outcomes such as cancer.

scholarly journals Effect of Fluticasone and Salmeterol on Tracheal Responsiveness to Ovalbumin and Lung Inflammation, Administrated during and after Sensitization

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Gholamnezhad ◽  
Mohammad Hossain Boskabady ◽  
Mohammad Reza Khazdair ◽  
Mahmoud Hosseini ◽  
Mahdi Abbasnejad
Keyword(s):  
Fluticasone Propionate ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group B ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell

The effect of duration of administration of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol on tracheal responsiveness to ovalbumin and total and differential white blood cell in sensitized guinea pig was examined. Six groups of guinea pigs (n=7) were sensitized to ovalbumin. Three groups of them were subjected to inhaled fluticasone propionate and salmeterol, one group during sensitization (A), one group after that (for 18 days, B), and the other one during sensitization but with 18 days delay before measurements (C). Three other groups were treated with placebo in the same manner. The tracheal responsiveness to ovalbumin and total and differential white blood cells of three placebo groups were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.001for all cases). Tracheal responsiveness to ovalbumin and total and differential white blood cell in treated groups with fluticasone propionate and salmeterol were significantly decreased compared to those of placebo groups (nonsignificant toP<0.001). The improvement in all variables in treatment groups A and C were more pronounced than group B. The results showed that fluticasone propionate and salmeterol had a prevention effect on tracheal hyperresponsiveness to ovalbumin and lung inflammation which was more pronounced when administered during than after sensitization.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of turmeric-enriched pellets to improve the immunity of Clarias batrachus toward motile Aeromonas septicemia disease

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Morina Riauwaty ◽  
Yusni I. Siregar ◽  
Isma Mulyani
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Natural Remedy ◽  
Loss Of Balance ◽  
Treated Fish

Background: Turmeric is known as a natural remedy to improve the immunity of organisms. This study aims to understand the effectiveness of turmeric-enriched pellets to improve the immunity of Clarias batrachus to Aeromonas hydrophila. Methods: The study was conducted from May to August 2020. C. batrachus fingerlings, 7-8 cm total length (TL) and 4-5 g (BW) at baseline, were kept in 30 L aquaria (10 fishes/aquarium; three replicated/treatment). Commercial pellets were mixed with turmeric powder. There were five treatment groups: P0 (control, no turmeric); P1 (0.5 g turmeric per Kg of pellets); P2 (0.7 g/Kg); P3 (0.9 g/Kg); Pp (positive control). Thirty days after being feed with turmeric-enriched pellets, all groups of fish were infected with 0.1 ml (108) of A. hydrophila suspension, intramuscularly. The P0 group did not receive injection, while Pp group were not fed with turmeric-enriched pellets but were infected with the bacteria. Fourteen days after infection, clinical signs and hematology of the fish were studied. Results: Pp fish showed heavy clinical signs of A. hydrophila, such as loss of balance, pigmentation, hemorrhages and ulcers. P0 fish did not show any symptoms, while the treated fish reveled some clinical signs of A. hydrophila to a lesser extent than Pp, indicating that the fish is able to face the A. hydrophila attack. Hematology for Pp fish revealed high white blood cells, indicating that the fish were infected. The blood condition of the P0 fish, as well as those of the turmeric-treated fish were normal. In general, the P3 fish showed the least clinical signs of A. hydrophila and normal blood condition, indicating that P3 treatment is best. Conclusion: The best turmeric dosage to improve the immunity of C. batrachus toward A. hydrophila infection is 0.9 g/Kg pellets.

scholarly journals Solvent-less Synthesis, Antimalarial and Toxicity Evaluation of Lumefantrine-Copper Complex in Swiss Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Rotimi Olusanya ARISE ◽  
Adedibu Clement TELLA ◽  
Oluyinka A. IYIOLA ◽  
Oluwakemi Mary AYENI ◽  
Samuel Tobi FAROHUNBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Complex ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Functional Toxicity

The antimalarial efficacy and safety of mechanically induced solventlessly synthesized lumefantrine-copper complex were investigated in experimental mice. Parasite level in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice treated with lumefantrine - copper complex (LCC) significantly declined (p < 0.05) at day 3 and was comparable with that of chloroquine-treated mice. LCC attained a percentage chemo-suppression which was significantly higher than those of pure lumefantrine and comparable with chloroquine. Pure lumefantrine attained a clearance of 88.52%, chloroquine was 91.95%, while LCC was 95.10%. Administration of lumefantrine, LCC and chloroquine to mice for 7 days caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the liver when compared with the control, and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the liver and kidney activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases when compared with the control. Also, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the levels of PCV, Hb, RBC and lymphocytes and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the white blood cells count and neutrophil counts in all the treatment groups when compared with control. Alterations in the biochemical parameters and chromosomal aberration in the organs investigated suggested selective, chromosomal and functional toxicity of the tested drugs.

scholarly journals Effect of the inclusion of scent leaf (ocimum gratissimum) in diet on growth and haematology of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
W. Buba ◽  
S. Duru ◽  
J. Metemilola ◽  
C. Uchendu ◽  
A. O. Iyiola-Tunji
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) as feed additive in rabbit diet on growth and hematological parameters of rabbits was investigated using a number of 24 non-descript rabbits in an eight (8) weeks feeding trial. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain (0.0, 2.0.4.0 and 6.Og scent leaf (SL) per kg of feed. The diets were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of 6 rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Food intake and weight gain was taken and used to calculate other growth performance parameters while blood sample (2 ml) was collected aseptically between 6:30 and 7:30 am from three rabbits per treatment and transferred into heparinised tubes which was used to determine the haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, red blood cells and white blood cells). The results showed that there was significant (P<0.05) differences in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) across the four (4) treatment groups with treatment group fed scent leaf at 4.0g/kg diet having the highest weight gain and the best FCR. There was also significant difference (P<0.05) in albumin and cholesterol levels. Haematological parameters showed significant difference (P<0.05) across the treatment groups with treatment group fed 2.0g scent leaf having the lowest white blood cell (8.00 x 1012/L). In conclusion treatment group fed 4.Og scent leaf gave the best result in terms of weight gain and FCR.

scholarly journals Haematological and biochemical indices of broiler chicken fed graded levels of boiled African yam beans (Sphenostylis stenocarpa)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
A. S. Eburuaja ◽  
D. N. Onunkwo ◽  
O. O. Adedokun
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Optimal Productivity ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Biochemical Indices

This study was carried out to investigate the haematological and biochemical indices of broiler chicken fed graded levels of boiled African yam beans. The birds, 120 in number were allotted into four treatment groups having three replicate per treatment and 10 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design were used. Diet 1 was the control and corn-soy bean-based while diets 2, 3, and 4 had boiled African am beans at 10, 15 and 20% respectively. Blood samples were collected from eight weeks old broiler chicken into two sets of labeled sterile bottles and used for the analysis. The values observed for white blood cells (2.43, 2.71, 2.72. 2.76), packed cell volume (31.00, 31.04, 28.00, 27.00) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (32.83, 32.70, 29.60, 33.93%) for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively fell within the normal range reported for healthy broiler chicken while the red blood cells for diets 1, 2, and 3 are comparable. Blood of birds in Diets 2, 3 and 4 had similar values of alkaline phosphatase which were higher than those of diet 1. Those in diets3 and 4 had highest values of urea (30.00mg/dl), creatinine (0.413mg/dl) and lowest values of albumen (1.500d/L). Feeding boiled African yam bean above 10% level of inclusion resulted in increase in alkaline phosphatase, urea and creatinine. For optimal productivity 10% inclusion of boiled African yam beans is therefore recommended.

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