scholarly journals Solvent-less Synthesis, Antimalarial and Toxicity Evaluation of Lumefantrine-Copper Complex in Swiss Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-300
Author(s):  
Rotimi Olusanya ARISE ◽  
Adedibu Clement TELLA ◽  
Oluyinka A. IYIOLA ◽  
Oluwakemi Mary AYENI ◽  
Samuel Tobi FAROHUNBI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Copper Complex ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Toxicity Evaluation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Functional Toxicity

The antimalarial efficacy and safety of mechanically induced solventlessly synthesized lumefantrine-copper complex were investigated in experimental mice. Parasite level in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice treated with lumefantrine - copper complex (LCC) significantly declined (p < 0.05) at day 3 and was comparable with that of chloroquine-treated mice. LCC attained a percentage chemo-suppression which was significantly higher than those of pure lumefantrine and comparable with chloroquine. Pure lumefantrine attained a clearance of 88.52%, chloroquine was 91.95%, while LCC was 95.10%. Administration of lumefantrine, LCC and chloroquine to mice for 7 days caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the liver when compared with the control, and a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the liver and kidney activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases when compared with the control. Also, there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the levels of PCV, Hb, RBC and lymphocytes and a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the white blood cells count and neutrophil counts in all the treatment groups when compared with control. Alterations in the biochemical parameters and chromosomal aberration in the organs investigated suggested selective, chromosomal and functional toxicity of the tested drugs.

scholarly journals Haematological and Serum Biochemical Profile of Growing Yankasa Ram Lambs Fed Diets Containing Graded Levels of Sesame Residue

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Garba ◽  
E. A. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Ram Lambs

An experiment was carried out to test the effect of Sesame residue (SR) inclusion in the diets of growing Yankasa ram lambs on haematological and serum biochemical parameters. Twelve (12) Yankasa ram lambs with initial body weight of 20.08±3.08kg were allotted to three dietary treatments containing 0, 20 and 30% SR (A, B and C). A completely randomized design was used for the study which lasted twelve (12) weeks. The haemetology results revealed that the white blood cells (12.85-16.85 109/L), red blood cells (1.49-2.04 1012/L), haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) (39.85-48.00 pg), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and lymphocytes differed significantly (P<0.05) among the treatments. Lambs fed 30% SR had the highest MCV, MCH, MCHC and lymphocyte values. Serum biochemical analysis results revealed that lambs fed 20% and 30% SR had higher alkaline phosphatase, total protein and globulin values than lambs fed 0%SR. However, SR inclusion in the diets did not affect calcium and phosphorus levels of the lambs. In conclusion, including sesame residue at 30% in the diets of growing Yankasa ram lambs had no observable adverse effect on haematological and serum biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT  when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite.  NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Effect of aspartame on biochemical and oxidative stress parameters in rat blood

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Prokic ◽  
Milica Paunovic ◽  
Milos Matic ◽  
Natasa Djordjevic ◽  
Branka Ognjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Antioxidative Status

Aspartame (ASP) is one of the most widely used nonnutritive sweeteners. This study investigates the chronic effects of ASP on hematological and biochemical parameters, and its effects on the oxidative/antioxidative status in the red blood cells of Wistar albino rats. Rats were provided with ASP (40 mg/kg/daily for six weeks) in drinking water. Increased food and fluid intake was observed in the ASP-treated rats. Total body mass was significantly decreased in the ASP-treated rats. Treatment with ASP caused an increase in the concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and in the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as a decrease in the levels of HDL-cholesterol in the serum. A significant decline in the number of white blood cells (WBC) was observed after ASP uptake. Based on the results we conclude that ASP induces oxidative stress, observed as an alteration of the glutathione redox status, which leads to increased concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxides (LPO) in the red blood cells. Changes in biochemical parameters, lipid metabolism, as well as changes in the levels of oxidative stress markers and the appearance of signs of liver damage indicate that chronic use of ASP can lead to the development of hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and associated diseases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Broccoli Extract in Arsenic-Induced Experimental Poisoning on the Hematological, Biochemical, and Electrophoretic Parameters of the Liver and Kidney of Rats

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Raeeszadeh ◽  
Pouria Karimi ◽  
Nadia Khademi ◽  
Pejman Mortazavi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Kidney Damage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Liver And Kidney Damage

Heavy metals such as arsenic contribute to environmental pollution that can lead to systemic effects in various body organs. Some medicinal plants such as broccoli have been shown to reduce the harmful effects of these heavy metals. The main aim of the present study is to evaluate the effects of broccoli extract on liver and kidney toxicity, considering hematological and biochemical changes. The experimental study was performed in 28 days on 32 male Wistar rats classified into four groups: the control group (C), a group receiving 5 mg/kg oral arsenic (AS), a group receiving 300 mg/kg broccoli (B), and a group receiving arsenic and broccoli combination (AS + B). Finally, blood samples were taken to evaluate the hematological and biochemical parameters of the liver and kidney, as well as serum proteins’ concentration. Liver and kidney tissue were fixed and stained by H&E and used for histopathological diagnosis. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), and hemoglobin (Hb) in the AS group compared to other groups. However, in the B group, a significant increase in RBC and WBC was observed compared to the AS and C groups ( P  < 0.05). Moreover, RBC and WBC levels increased significantly in the AS + B group compared to the AS group ( P  = 0.046). However, in the AS group, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, and creatinine levels increased, while total protein, albumin, and globulin decreased. This can be a result of liver and kidney damage, which was observed in the AS group. Furthermore, the increase in the concentration of albumin and globulin in the AS + B group was higher than that in the AS group. Infiltration of inflammatory cells and necrosis of the liver and kidney tissue in the pathological evaluation of the AS group were significantly higher than other groups. There was an increase in superoxide dismutases (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC); however, a decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was seen in the AS + B group compared to the AS group. It seems that broccoli is highly effective at reducing liver and kidney damage and improving the hematological and biochemical factors in arsenic poisoning conditions.

scholarly journals HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF PRE - AND POST LAMBING PERIODS FOR IRAQI NUAEMIE EWES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-948
Author(s):  
Awad & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Post Partum Period ◽  
Biochemical Assessment

The present study designed  to investigate the hematological and blood biochemical changes in pre and post lambing periods in Iraqi Nuaemie ewes. Ten Nuaemie ewes weighed 35-45 kg and aged between 2-3 years were reared in animal's house of Veterinary College / Tikrit University from October-2018 to March-2019, Ten ml of blood samples were collected from each animal during the periods of last gestation month, at lambing and 2 weeks thereafter, Two and half ml of blood samples were collected in EDTA- containing tubes to determine the hematological parameters and the remaining was used to separate serum and stored at -20 °c for blood biochemical assessment. The results   revealed decreased in total red blood cells, haemoglobin and packed cell volume during post lambing period. The total white blood cells count and neutrophils were decreased during the post-partum period, while the lymphocyte was decreased at the day of lambing (50±5.8%). The biochemical parameters exhibited lesser total protein concentrations at the day of lambing (6.5± 1.85 g/dl ) while greater glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations during post-partum period. The concentration of urea and creatinine increased during the pre-partum period whereas, LDL and HDL concentrations increased in post- lambing period. The minerals concentrations revealed lesser concentrations of Zink and iron during the post-partum period while, copper concentration was greater during similar period. In conclusion, the physiological status of animals have clearly effects on the haematological and biochemical parameters in Iraqi Nuaemie ewes.  

scholarly journals Effect of the inclusion of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) in diet on growth and haematology of growing rabbits

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331
Author(s):  
W. Buba ◽  
S. Duru ◽  
J. Metemilola ◽  
C. Uchendu ◽  
A.O. Iyiola-Tunji
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of scent leaf (Ocimum gratissimum) as feed additive in rabbit diet on growth and hematological parameters of rabbits was investigated using a number of 24 non-descript rabbits in an eight (8) weeks feeding trial. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain 0.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0g scent leaf (SL) per kg of feed. The diets were randomly assigned to four treatment groups of 6 rabbits per treatment in a completely randomized design (CRD) experiment. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Feed intake and weight gain was taken and used to calculate other growth performance parameters while blood sample (2 ml) was collected aseptically between 6:30 and 7:30 am from three rabbits per treatment and transferred into heparinised tubes which was used to determine the haematological parameters (PCV, Hb, red blood cells and white blood cells). The results showed that there was significant (P<0.05) differences in body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) across the four (4) treatment groups with treatment group fed scent leaf at 4.0g/kg diet having the highest weight gain and the best FCR. There was also significant difference (P<0.05) in albumin and cholesterol levels. Haematological parameters showed significant difference (P<0.05) across the treatment groups with treatment group fed 2.0g scent leaf having the lowest white blood cell (8.00 x 1012 /L). In conclusion treatment group fed 4.0g scent leaf gave the best result in terms of weight gain and FCR.  

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial and haematological effects of Senna occidentalis leaf ethanolic extracts on Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-128
Author(s):  
S.M. Babangida ◽  
G.J. Sow ◽  
D.M. Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Albino Mice

A research was conducted to investigate the haematological effects of ethanolic leaf extracts of Senna occidentalis on Swiss albino mice infected with 0.2 ml of Plasmodium berghei infected blood. Fifteen (15) mice weighing between 140-260g were assigned into five study groups of three mice each. The first group is treated with 0.2 mL of normal saline (drug free control). Group 2, 3, 4 were treated with 100, 200, and 400mg/kg of theethanolic leaf extract respectively while group 5 received 10mg/kg of chloroquine phosphate. All doses were administered orally. The results obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test to separate the means. The result of the preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, diterpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, tannins, Triterpenoids, carbohydrates and proteins. The level of parasite suppression ranges from 35% to 75% and the activity increased with increase in concentration of the extracts (dose dependent). The extracts were found to increase the level of some haematological parameters such as Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells and Haemoglobin. The effect is concentration dependent, increases with increase in concentration. Thus, the anti plasmodial efficacy of the leaf extract of S. occidentalis on P. berghei is confirmed. It is recommended that , 400 mg/kg leaf ethanolic extracts of S. occidentalis couldbe use in the treatment of malarial fever.

scholarly journals Change in haematological and selected biochemical parameters measured in feline blood donors and feline whole blood donated units

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Spada ◽  
Daniela Proverbio ◽  
Luciana Baggiani ◽  
Giada Bagnagatti De Giorgi ◽  
Elisabetta Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Donor ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Selection Of

Objectives The quality of whole blood (WB) units is influenced by many factors, starting with selection of donors and the method of blood collection. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes that occur in haematological and selected biochemical parameters in blood transferred from a feline blood donor to feline WB unit. Methods Data from 27 feline blood donations were used in this study. Cats were anaesthetised with a combination of tiletamine and zolazepam. Blood (10 ml/kg body weight to a maximum of 60 ml/cat) was collected in citrate–phosphate–dextrose–adenine (CPDA) anticoagulant. Lactated Ringer’s solution (10 ml/kg) was administered intravenously starting halfway through the donation. Haematological and selected biochemical parameters (complete blood count, free haemoglobin, % haemolysis, glucose, sodium, potassium, pH) were measured in the blood donor before donation and in the corresponding donated WB unit soon after collection. Results Significant decreases occurred between blood donor and WB unit in red blood cells (mean difference −1.06 × 1012/l; P <0.0001), haemoglobin (mean difference −1.6 g/dl; P <0.0001), haematocrit (mean difference −4.6%; P <0.0001), red cell distribution width (mean difference −0.9%; P = 0.0003), white blood cells (mean difference −2.17 × 109/l; P <0.0001), pH (mean difference −0.5; P <0.0001) and potassium (mean difference −1.4 mmol/l; P <0.0001). Significant increases occurred between blood donor and WB unit in platelets (mean difference +87.00 ×109/l; P = 0.0039), glucose (mean difference +25.42 mmol/l; P <0.0001) and sodium (mean difference +20 mmol/l; P <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance When using a blood collection protocol with intravenous fluid administration midway through the donation and a CPDA:blood ratio of 1:7, there were significant changes in both the haematological and biochemical characteristics between the blood donors and WB units. The majority of these changes may be the result of the anticoagulants used for storage. Understanding these changes may assist selection of blood donors and help prediction of the characteristics of the donated WB unit.

Punicalagin Improved the Oxidant-antioxidant Status in Male New Zealand White Rabbits

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Gulay ◽  
O. Yildiz-Gulay
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Background: Although punicalaginis known for its strong antioxidant properties, the current literature lacks knowledge about the direct oral consumption of punicalagin in rabbits. Therefore, the present study evaluated the potential effects of this powerful antioxidant in male rabbits. Methods: The rabbits (n=24) were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups; controls (tap water) and 3 different doses of punicalagin in tap water (1, 2 and 10 mg/kg punicalagin). At the end of the experiment (9 wk), blood samples were taken and rabbits were sacrificed. The liver and kidney tissues were collected for oxidant and antioxidant parameters. Result: Punicalagin did not cause any clinical symptoms. Body weights and feed intakes were not affected by punicalagin treatments. Similarly, the hematological parameters such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells and platelets did not differ among the treatments. Serum glucose, urea, creatinine, amylase, lipase, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase levels were within the physiological ranges. Two highest doses used in the experiment decreased malondialdehyde levels and positively affected superoxide dismutase and catalase enzyme activities (P less than 0.05). Therefore, the current study suggests a lack of harmful effects and promising antioxidant capacity of punicalagin in male New Zealand rabbits up to 10 mg/kg/day dose levels.

scholarly journals Tartrazine induces structural and functional aberrations and genotoxic effectsin vivo

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Khayyat ◽  
Amina Essawy ◽  
Jehan Sorour ◽  
Ahmed Soffar
Keyword(s):  
Comet Assay ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Experimental Group

Tartrazine is a synthetic organic azo dye widely used in food and pharmaceutical products. The current study aimed to evaluate the possible adverse effect of this coloring food additive on renal and hepatic structures and functions. Also, the genotoxic potential of tartrazine on white blood cells was investigated using comet assay. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were grouped into two groups of 10 each, control- and tartrazine-treated groups. The control group was administered orally with water alone. The experimental group was administered orally with tartrazine (7.5 mg/kg, b.wt.). Our results showed a marked increase in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP, urea, uric acid, creatinine, MDA and NO, and a decreased level of total antioxidants in the serum of rats dosed with tartrazine compared to controls. On the other hand, administration of tartrazine was associated with severe histopathological and cellular alterations of rat liver and kidney tissues and induced DNA damage in leucocytes as detected by comet assay. Taken together, the results showed that tartrazine intake may lead to adverse health effects.

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