scholarly journals The Early Prelinguistic Skills in Iranian Infants and Toddlers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-454
Author(s):  
Narges Bayat ◽  
◽  
Atieh Ashtari ◽  
Mohsen Vahedi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Children’S Development

Objectives: The prelinguistic skills which pave the way for language development have always been an area of research in the Speech Therapy field. Although studying these skills is important, there is a study gap among Persian children. Therefore, this study explored prelinguistic skills among a sample of Persian-speaking children aged 6 to 24 months and made a comparison between different age groups. We also studied the effects of gender and family history of speech-language disorders on children’s prelinguistic abilities. Methods: In the present study, 277 mothers of Iranian Persian-speaking children aged 6 to 24 months were asked to fill a research-made checklist that evaluated the prelinguistic skills of their children. This study was cross-sectional and was conducted in Tehran City, Iran, in 2021. Children’s abilities in different age groups were compared using the analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scheffe test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and the post-hoc test. The differences between the total scores of the two genders were also determined using the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Comparing the prelinguistic skills in different age groups indicated a statistically significant increase in the scores as children grow up. Children with a positive family history of speech-language disorders scored lower on the checklist than the others (91.03±17.37). Furthermore, there were statistically significant differences between the two genders in developing gesture, vocalization, first words, social interaction, imitation, and play; girls had higher scores. Conclusion: Based on the studies conducted in different countries, prelinguistic skills develop as children grow up; these skills facilitate language acquisition and other social skills. The present study also demonstrated the development of these skills alongside children’s development. This similarity between Persian-speaking children and other children from different cultures and languages, as well as better performance in children with a negative family history of speech-language impairments, confirm the role of genetic factors in children’s development. Moreover, the differences in the development of some prelinguistic skills between girls and boys reveal the impact of various factors, such as social factors, on prelinguistic skills development.

scholarly journals Fasting Blood Glucose Profile among Secondary School Adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. O. Oluwayemi ◽  
S. J. Brink ◽  
E. E. Oyenusi ◽  
O. A. Oduwole ◽  
M. A. Oluwayemi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Family History ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Obesity ◽  
The Impact

Background.Over the past two decades there has been an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children. Baseline data is needed to assess the impact of changing lifestyles on Ado-Ekiti, a previously semiurban community in Southwest Nigeria. This study was therefore conducted to assess the fasting blood glucose (FBG) of adolescents in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Methodology.This was a cross-sectional study involving 628 adolescents from three different secondary schools in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. With parental consent, volunteers completed a structured questionnaire, and an overnight FBG was measured.Results.There were 346 males and 282 females (male : female ratio = 1.2 : 1). Their ages ranged from 10 to 19 years (mean age:14.2±1.7years). Four hundred and forty-four (70.7%) had normal FBG, while 180 (28.7%) and 4 (0.6%) had FBG in the prediabetic and diabetic range, respectively. Female gender, age group 10–14 years, and family history of obesity were significantly associated with impaired FBG (Pvalue <0.001, <0.001, and 0.045, resp.).Conclusion.Impaired FBG is common among secondary school adolescents and it is more prevalent among younger female adolescents (10–14 years) with positive family history of obesity.

scholarly journals Differential expression of micro RNA-29 family in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzair Abbas ◽  
Bushra Imdad ◽  
Sikander Adil Mughal ◽  
Israr Ahmed Baloch ◽  
Afshan Mehboob Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective MicroRNAs are known to regulate 60% of genes at post translational level. MicroRNAs including Micro RNA-29 family play a vital role in cellular activities and have validate role in numerous metabolic disorders inclusive of diabetes mellitus and its complications. While micro RNA profile changes years before the occurrence of disease. This cross-sectional study was conducted in non-diabetic adults of diabetic and non-diabetic parents to explore the early changes in expression of micro RNA-29 family as it can be served as early biomarker of type 2 diabetes in non-diabetic adults. This study was conducted from January 2019 to January 2021. Micro RNA was extracted from plasma of 50 participants and expression was compared through qPCR. While data was analyzed through SPSS version 21.0. Results 29a and 29b had lower expression in participants with family history of DM compared to those having no family history of DM (P < 0.0001). While micro RNA 29c was found to be significantly higher in participants with positive family history of type 2 diabetes as compared to those without family history of diabetes (P = 0.001).

What is known about Prostate Cancer? Response from Men Aged 50 Years and Above in Lindi Municipal, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Simon Francis ◽  
Obadia V. Nyongole
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level

Background: The incidence of prostate cancer in Tanzania is among the highest recorded in Africa. Prostate cancer is also the most common cancer among men aged 50 years and above in Tanzania. Our study aimed to determine the awareness, knowledge, and attitudes among adult men with age 50 years and above regarding prostate cancer.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that included 250 adult men aged 50 years and above in Lindi municipal being purposively selected and we interviewed them by using a structured questionnaire. A stratified random sampling method was used for obtaining our participants. All men who had stayed for not less than one year in Lindi and willing to participate were enrolled in the study. These men were selected at households without screening whether or not they had taken prostate screening test or had been diagnosed with prostate cancer Quantitative data were cleaned and analyzed with SPSS version 20.Results: Majority, 216(86.7%) of our study participants were aged 50–69 years and most of them, 142(56.8%) had primary education with 93.2% of them being married. Among the study subjects 7.2% had positive family history of cancer and 195(78%) were aware of prostate cancer with source of information being mass media (62.6%). Majority of them, 63.2%, did not know the risk age group. Few, 20.8% of our participants had good knowledge while majority, 95.2% had negative attitude toward prostate cancer. We found a statistically significant association between level of education, family history and level of knowledge regarding prostate cancer with p < 0.005.Conclusion: This study revealed high level of awareness, but poor knowledge regarding prostate cancer and negative attitude toward prostate cancer among men with age ≥50 years in Lindi municipal Tanzania. Key words: Awareness, knowledge, attitude, prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Clinical and Demographic Profiles of Patients Diagnosed as Cough Variant Asthma attended at Tertiary Referral Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
SK Shahinur Hossain ◽  
Md Safiul Islam ◽  
Md Mustafizur Rahman ◽  
Shubhashish Dey ◽  
Khurshid Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Tertiary Referral Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cough Variant Asthma ◽  
Demographic Profiles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

Background: Cough variant asthma is presented with different clinical and demographic characteristics.Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to see the clinico-demographic profiles of cough variant asthma patients.Methodology: This descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out in theDepartment of Respiratory Medicine at National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from September 2014 to August 2015 for a period of one year. Patients presented with cough variant asthma attending in NIDCH were selected as study population. Methacholine challenge test was performed to diagnosis of Cough Variant Asthma. Result: A total number of 50 patients were recruited for this study. The mean age±SD was found 19.1±7.6 years. Male was predominant than female with a ratio of 1.4.:1. Among the study population positive family history of asthma was found in 39.0% cases and associated allergic rhinitis was reported in 58.0% cases. Eczema was associated with 16.0% patients;however, only 4% patients had associate conjunctivitis. Conclusion: In conclusion young male is more commonly affected by cough variant asthma of which majority have family history of asthma. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(1):30-33

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and Clinical Variables of Depression among Patients with Epilepsy in a Neuropsychiatric Hospital in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nasir Olamide Madandola ◽  
Shehu Sale ◽  
Adebayo Sunday Adebisi ◽  
Ayodele Obembe ◽  
Auwal S. Salihu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Minority Ethnic Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Minority Ethnic

Background. Depression is a major contributor to the global burden of disease. Its occurrence in patients living with epilepsy is not just common but also a serious comorbidity. Patients tend to suffer if the depressive disorder is undetected and thus untreated. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorder in patients with epilepsy. Also, the sociodemographic and clinical factors that are associated with the development of depression in people living with epilepsy were examined. Materials and Method. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of participants living with epilepsy and receiving care at the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria. Participants were recruited consecutively as they come for follow-up care. A sociodemographic/clinical questionnaire and General Health Questionnaire version 28 (GHQ-28) were first administered to participants followed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The descriptive statistics were generated and analyzed. Logistic regression was also done to determine the predictors of depression in the study participants. All test of probability was set at p<0.05. Results. A total of 400 participants with epilepsy were examined with GHQ-28 and CIDI. Out of the GHQ-28 examined individuals, 71 people (17.8%) met criteria for caseness while 35 participants (8.8%) were depressed when assessed with CIDI. The predictors of depressive illness in participants living with epilepsy were GHQ caseness (p≤0.001), minority ethnic group (p=0.006), and a positive family history of mental illness (p=0.021). Conclusion. Depression is common in people with epilepsy. Physicians should actively assess individuals with epilepsy for symptoms of depression. Special attention should be paid to patients with a family history of epilepsy and those from minority ethnic groups.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Disease and Its Risk Factors Among Employees of Sindh Government; A Cross Sectional Survey from Karachi, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Madiha Shafi ◽  
Humaira Mehmood ◽  
Saeed Afsar ◽  
Zoaib Raza Bokhari ◽  
Saleem Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style

Abstract: Introduction:  Globally it is documented that CVD has multi-factorial aetiology and many factors like increased BMI, hypertension (HTN), stress and diabetes determine the risk of CVD. The prevalence of risk factors for cardio vascular disease (CVD) is on increase in the developing nations of the world. Objectives: The purpose of the study was   to find out the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors among employees of Sindh Government in Karachi, Pakistan.Method: It was hospital based cross sectional study. A total of 150 subjects (govt employees of Sindh Government) were interviewed by using consecutive sampling technique. Data on serum cholesterol, BMI, blood pressure, history of hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases was collected, in addition to demographic data. Results: Out of 150 subjects interviewed, 20.6% reported to have CVD. The most prevalent risk factor was hypertension, found in 58% respondents. Other risk factors were diabetes (45%), sedentary life style (50%), obesity (28%), dyslipidaemia (30%), smoking (20%), positive family history (26%). In 6% of subjects, three major risk factors were present. The risk factors, strongly associated with CVD in our study were diabetes (p<0.01), hypertension (p<0.001) and family history of CVD (p<0.02). There is strong association of increasing age on risk of developing CVD (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The results show that there is high frequency of CVD risk factors in employees of health department in Karachi. The high prevalence of risk factors, especially hypertension, sedentary life style, obesity and diabetes should be of great concern.

scholarly journals We are Family

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Omolafe ◽  
Michele Mouttapa ◽  
Shari McMahan ◽  
Sora Park Tanjasiri
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

This cross-sectional study sought to describe an association between family history of type-2 diabetes and the awareness of risk factors, perceived threat and physical activity levels in African Americans. With a prevalence of 11.8%, African Americans remain disproportionately affected by the epidemic of diabetes. A risk factor that cannot be modified, but is important and closely linked with diabetes expression, family history, can be a considerable tool in promoting behavior change and reducing the risk of developing the condition in African Americans. A self-report questionnaire was administered to 133 church going African Americans, with 55 of them with a positive family history of type-2 diabetes (41.4%) and 78 (58.6%) without. None of the participants had been previously been diagnosed with type-2 diabetes. The results from the study indicated that African Americans with positive family history had a greater knowledge of risk factors, were more likely to indicate that their concern about the disease influences their eating habits and physical activity, and engaged in significantly more physical activity than those with no family history.

Prospective colonoscopic study to investigate risk of colorectal neoplasms in first-degree relatives of patients with non-advanced adenomas

Gut ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siew C Ng ◽  
Moe Htet Kyaw ◽  
Bing Yee Suen ◽  
Yee Kit Tse ◽  
Martin C S Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasms ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Advanced Adenomas

ObjectiveThe risk associated with a family history of non-advanced adenoma (non-AA) is unknown. We determined the prevalence of colorectal neoplasms in subjects who have a first-degree relative (FDR) with non-AA compared with subjects who do not have an FDR with adenomas.DesignIn a blinded, cross-sectional study, consecutive subjects with newly diagnosed non-AA were identified from our colonoscopy database. 414 FDRs of subjects with non-AA (known as exposed FDRs; mean age 55.0±8.1 years) and 414 age and sex-matched FDRs of subjects with normal findings from colonoscopy (known as unexposed FDRs; mean age 55.2±7.8 years) underwent a colonoscopy from November 2015 to June 2018. One FDR per family was recruited. FDRs with a family history of colorectal cancer were excluded. The primary outcome was prevalence of advanced adenoma (AA). Secondary outcomes included prevalence of all adenomas and cancer.ResultsThe prevalence of AA was 3.9% in exposed FDRs and 2.4% in unexposed FDRs (matched OR (mOR)=1.67; 95% CI 0.72 to 3.91; p=0.238 adjusted for proband sex and proband age). Exposed FDRs had a higher prevalence of any adenomas (29.2% vs 18.6%; mOR=1.87; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.66; p<0.001) and non-AA (25.4% vs 16.2%; mOR=1.91; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.76; p=0.001). A higher proportion of exposed FDRs than unexposed FDRs (4.3% vs 2.2%; adjusted mOR=2.44; 95% CI 1.01 to 5.86; p=0.047) had multiple adenomas. No cancer was detected in both groups.ConclusionA positive family history of non-AA does not significantly increase the risk of clinically important colorectal neoplasia. The data support current guidelines which do not advocate earlier screening in individuals with a family history of non-AA.Trial registration numberNCT0252172.

Nocturnal enuresis among children in Morogoro region in Tanzania: A cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29
Author(s):  
Nehemia Kilongo ◽  
Francis F. Furia
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
African Region ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Disorders ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
History Of

Background: Enuresis is common childhood disorders which affecting quality of life of children and causing significant psychosocial disturbances to children and their families. This condition has been widely reported globally with increasing data from sub-Saharan African region. In Tanzania there is no reports on its magnitude and therefore this study was carried out with the aim of determine the prevalence of this condition among children in Tanzania.Methods: This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted among children aged between 5 and 14 years recruited from 12 streets in Morogoro Municipality in Tanzania. Standardized Swahili questionnaire was used to collect data including socio-demographic details of parents,  children and presence of enuresis. Socio-demographic data included age of the child, sex, level of education of the parents, education of the child, presence of bed wetting, history of enuresis in the family.Results: Five hundred and ten children were recruited into this study out of which 271 (53.1%) were females and mean age of study participants was 9±2.8 years. Enuresis was noted in 19% (97/510) of children, 68% (66/97) and 32% (31/97) had primary and secondary enuresis respectively. Significantly higher prevalence rates of enuresis were noted for children aged below 8 years 26.4% (43/162) and those with family history of enuresis 47% (18/38) with p values of 0.01 and < 0.001 respectively. Forty-one (42.3%) out of 97 respondents whose children had enuresis reported to have punished their children and only 21.4% (20/97) reported to have sought treatment for their children.Conclusions: Enuresis is common among children in Tanzania particularly those with positive family history. Punishment to children with enuresis was noted in this study and only one in five parents/guardians sought treatment for their affected children. Therefore, there is a need for initiatives for raising community awareness about enuresis in Tanzania Key words: Enuresis in children, prevalence of enuresis in Tanzania, factors affecting enuresis in children.

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