scholarly journals Effect of 6 Weeks of Aerobic Training on TGF-Β1, Myostatin and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Genes Expression in the Tendon of Fast- and Slow-Twitch Muscles of Male Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-291
Author(s):  
Ghasem Mohammadnezhad ◽  
◽  
Hasan Matin Homaee ◽  
Farshad Ghazalian ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Slow Twitch ◽  
Tgf Β1

Background and Aim: Tendon, like the skeletal muscle, exhibits mechanical and morphological adaptations resulted from exercise training; however, little is known about the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate these responses. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of aerobic training on the TGF-β1, myostatin and MMP9 mRNAs expression in the tendon of fast- and slow-twitch muscles.  Methods & Materials For this purpose, 12 male Wistar rats at 8 weeks of age were randomly divided into two groups: experimental (n=6) and control (n=6). The exercise group performed aerobic training for 6 weeks, 5 sessions per week. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, all rats were sacrificed and the tendons of soleus and Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL) muscles were extracted. Expression of TGF-β1, myostatin and MMP9 mRNAs were assayed using RealTime-PCR. Independent t-test was also used for statistical analysis. Ethical Considerations: All stages of the study were conducted according to the ethical guidelines and authorization of Research Deputy of Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch No. IR.IAU.PS.REC.1398.296.  Results: The results showed that the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in EDL and soleus tendons significantly increased (P≤0.001), whereas the expression of myostatin in EDL tendon was significantly reduced (P≤ 0.001). Increased mRNA expression of MMP9 in the tendon of EDL and soleus muscles was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: It seems that aerobic exercise can modulate the expression of genes involved in the regulation of tendon collagen in a muscle type-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Infiltrating CD8+ T Lymphocytes, Natural Killer Cells, and Expression of IL-10 and TGF-β1 in Chemically Induced Neoplasms in Male Wistar Rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 548-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Tozzi Spinardi-Barbisan ◽  
Luís Fernando Barbisan ◽  
João Lauro Viana De Camargo ◽  
Maria Aparecida Marchesan Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tgf Β1

scholarly journals The Green Bitter Weed (Hymenoxys odorato) Plant Extract Is Toxic to the Liver and Kidney of Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Juma Ochieng ◽  
Isaac Echoru ◽  
Musa Ajibola Iyiola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
High Doses

Background: Medicinal plants are of great importance to health of individual and communities. About 80% of the population in Uganda relies on traditional medicine because western-trained medical personnel are limited especially in villages. Most Ugandans use Hymenoxys odorato for medicinal purposes e.g. to treat colds, fever, coughs, anti-helminthes, locally used as tea, anti-allergy and also as an anti-venom to relieve snake bites. Method: A group of 25 male wistar rats of 150 g–210 g were kept for 14 days while being fed and treated with the extract. At 14th day, anesthesia was given and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture for hematological and biochemical investigations. Serum was analyzed for Alkaline Phosphatase, Aspartate Transaminase and Alanine Transaminase while whole blood was used for complete blood count. The liver and kidney were removed and placed in 10% formalin to prepare for histology staining using haematoxylin and eosin technique. Results: The extract elevated hepatic biomarker enzymes i.e. ALP, ALT and AST. The increase was found to be significantly different (P > 0.05) at 400 and 500 mg/kg doses as compared to the control group. Histological sections of the liver showed distortion of liver cytoarchitecture, steatosis, necrosis of hepatocytes and congestion of the sinusoids at high doses 300, 400 and 500 mg/kg body weight. In the sections of the kidney, there was mild distortion of the integrity of the kidney with glomerular hypercellularity at high doses (400 and 500 mg/kg per body weight). Conclusion: Hymenoxys odorato aqueous extract has toxic effects on the liver and kidney of wistar rats. The effects were observed to be in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Electro-Acupuncture Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Anorexia in Rats by Modulating Ghrelin and Monoamine Neurotransmitters

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Yun Baek ◽  
Tuy An Trinh ◽  
Wonsang Huh ◽  
Ji Hoon Song ◽  
Hyun Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Gastrointestinal Hormone ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid

Anorexia is common in patients with cancer, mostly as a side effect of chemotherapy. The effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) on ameliorating cancer-related symptoms have been studied in animal models and in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to determine optimal conditions for the application of EA to alleviate anorexia, followed by the study of molecular mechanisms affecting its therapeutics. Anorexia was induced in male Wistar rats by injecting cisplatin, which was then followed by EA treatment at CV12, the acupuncture point located in the center of the abdominal midline. Body weight and food intake were measured daily throughout the duration of the study. The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the plasma were quantitatively analyzed by HPLC-ECD. Gastrointestinal hormone concentrations were elucidated with ELISA kits. RT-qPCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression of ghrelin (GHRL), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and pro-opiomelanocortin. The expression of c-Fos in the nucleus tractus solitarii was detected using western blotting analysis. The optimal conditions of EA to alleviate anorexia in rats was determined to be 1 unit for intensity and 10 Hz for frequency. EA treatment at CV12 reduced the levels of plasma monoamine neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, dopamine, and norepinephrine; as well as stimulated the expression of GHRL and NPY to alleviate cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats. EA stimulation at CV12 could be used to treat cisplatin-induced anorexia in rats.

Resistance training‐induced muscle hypertrophy is mediated by TGF‐β1‐Smad signaling pathway in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 5649-5665
Author(s):  
Rohollah Nikooie ◽  
Sohil Jafari‐Sardoie ◽  
Vahid Sheibani ◽  
Amir Nejadvaziri Chatroudi
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Smad Signaling ◽  
Smad Signaling Pathway ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Tgf Β1

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Curcumin on Diabetes-Induced Endothelial Dysfunctions: Txnip, ICAM-1, and NOX2 Expressions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natchaya Wongeakin ◽  
Parvapan Bhattarakosol ◽  
Suthiluk Patumraj
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Endothelial Functions ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunctions

We aim to investigate the effects of curcumin on preventing diabetes-induced vascular inflammation in association with its actions on Txnip, ICAM-1, and NOX2 enzyme expressions. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (CON), diabetic (DM; streptozotocin (STZ), i.v. 55 mg/kg BW), control-treated with curcumin (CONCUR; 300 mg/kg BW), and diabetes treated with curcumin (DMCUR; 300 mg/kg BW). 12th week after STZ injection, iris blood perfusion, leukocyte adhesion, Txnip, p47phox, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by using laser Doppler, intravital fluorescent confocal microscopy, Western Blot analysis, and TBAR assay, respectively. The iris blood perfusion of DM and DMCUR was decreased significantly compared to CON and CONCUR(P<0.001). Plasma glucose and HbA1c of DM and DMCUR were increased significantly compared to CON and CONCUR(P<0.001). Leukocyte adhesion, ICAM-1, p47phox expression, and MDA levels in DM were increased significantly compared to CON, CONCUR, and DMCUR(P<0.05). Txnip expression in DM and DMCUR was significantly higher than CON and CONCUR(P<0.05). From Pearson’s analysis, the correlation between the plasma MDA level and the endothelial functions was significant. It suggested that curcumin could ameliorate diabetic vascular inflammation by decreasing ROS overproduction, reducing leukocyte-endothelium interaction, and inhibiting ICAM-1 and NOX2 expression.

scholarly journals Twist Modulates Human Trophoblastic Cell Invasion via Regulation of N-Cadherin

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (2) ◽  
pp. 925-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
York Hunt Ng ◽  
Hua Zhu ◽  
Peter C. K. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Small Interfering Rna ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Trophoblastic Cell ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Bewo Cells ◽  
Interfering Rna ◽  
Tgf Β1

The invasion of extravillous cytotrophoblasts (EVT) into the underlying maternal tissues and vasculature is a key step in human placentation. The molecular mechanisms involved in the development of the invasive phenotype of EVT include many that were first discovered for their role in cancer cell metastasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that N-cadherin and its regulatory transcription factor Twist play important roles in the onset and progression of cancers, but their roles in human trophoblastic cell invasion is not clear. The goal of the study was to examine the role of Twist and N-cadherin in human trophoblastic cell invasion. Twist and N-cadherin mRNA and protein levels were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting in human placental tissues, highly invasive EVT, and poorly invasive JEG-3 and BeWo cells. Whether IL-1β and TGF-β1 regulate Twist mRNA and protein levels in the EVT was also examined. A small interfering RNA strategy was employed to determine the role of Twist and N-cadherin in HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion. Matrigel assays were used to assess cell invasion. Twist and N-cadherin were highly expressed in EVT but were poorly expressed in JEG-3 and BeWo cells. IL-1β and TGF-β1 differentially regulated Twist expression in EVT in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Small interfering RNA specific for Twist decreased N-cadherin and reduced invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Similarly, a reduction in N-cadherin decreased the invasive capacity of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Twist is an upstream regulator of N-cadherin-mediated invasion of human trophoblastic cells.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SINGLE- AND REPEATED- EXCESSIVE SWIMMING EXERCISE ON KIDNEY HISTOPATHOLOGY OF MALE RATS WISTAR STRAIN (Rattus norvegicus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Wenni Juniarni Tripani ◽  
Muhammad In’am Ilmiawan ◽  
Willy Handoko
Keyword(s):  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Swimming Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Mean

Background: Physical exercise aims to improve or maintain physical fitness. However, excessive physical exercise may cause increase of oxidative stress which leads to cellular injury, including in the proximal tubules of kidney. This research aims to find out the effect of single- and repeated- excessive swimming exercise to the kidney histopathology of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This research was an experimental study with complete random and post test only control group design. Twenty seven male wistar rats were divided into three treatment groups: control group, single- excessive swimming exercise group (45 minutes for one day), and repeated- excessive swimming exercise group (45 minutes/day for seven days). In the end of the treatment, the kidney of the rats were taken to be analyzed by using hematoxylin-eosin stain. The mean of proximal tubules injury of kidneys were counted by two observers using blinded method. Data were analyzed by using one way anova test. Result: The analysis showed there was a significant difference in the mean percentage of proximal tubules injury between control group and single swimming group as well as the repeated swimming group (Anova p=0,000), also there was significant difference between the treatment groups (p=0,020). The highest average of proximal tubules injury was in the single swimming group. Conclusion: Single- and repeated- excessive swimming exercise causes the proximal tubules injury of kidney.

scholarly journals The Effect of Some Synthetic Food Colorants on Selected Biochemical Indices of Male Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Wopara, Iheanyichukwu ◽  
C. Awarajih, Uwaezuoke ◽  
Ike, Amanda
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Triglyceride Concentration ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 5

The aim is to evaluate the effect of tartrazine and erythrosine on serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. A total of 20 adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups with 4 rats per group. Group 1 served as the control and was given only water and feed. Whereas group 2, 3, 4, 5 were administered 5 mg/kgb.wt, 10 mg/kgb.wt, 20 mg/kgb.wt, 40 mg/kgb.wt of Tartrazine and Erythrosine via orogastric feeding for 21 days. At the end of 21 days, blood samples were collected via ocular puncture and used to measure glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in the serum of the animals. The results were analyzed using One way ANOVA, followed by post hoc multiple comparisons and level of significance set at p<0.05. The result revealed that there was a significant difference p<0.05 in the mean glucose concentration of Group 4 (5.81±0.40 mmol/L) and Group 5 (5.28±0.25 mmol/L) when compared with the control (3.27±0.11 mmol/L). Although Group 4 showed a higher mean cholesterol concentration (0.92±0.27 mmol/L) when compared with the control (0.18±0.05 mmol/L) the difference was not significant p>0.05. Furthermore, Group 5 showed no significant mean triglyceride concentration (2.01±0.15 mmol/L) when compared with the control (2.95±0.04 mmol/L). This result revealed that the colourants increased the glucose and cholesterol levels in the test group in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in serum glucose concentration may be an indication of pancreatic cancer caused by the hydrocarbons contained in the colourants.

scholarly journals Effects of ginger along with exercise training on serum levels of ALT and AST liver enzymes and malondialdehyde and the activity of liver tissue superoxide dismutase in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Aghaali Ghasemnian ◽  
Zeinab Iddehloei ◽  
Ahmad Rahmani ◽  
Mozhgan Usefpour
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and aims: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 2 months of endurance training (ET) along with ginger consumption on the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver tissue in male Wistar rats. Material and Methods: 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the weight as follows: control (n=8), sham (n=8), ET (n=8), ginger (n=8), and ET + ginger (n=8). The training protocol was an ET program on a treadmill for two months (5 days a week). Besides standard water and food, in groups using the supplement, 100 mg of ginger solution per kg body weight of the rats was injected three days a week. Then, 48 hours after the last training session and after 8 hours of fasting, blood and tissue samples were collected over night and the serum levels of liver enzymes (ALT and AST), MDA level of the liver tissue, and activity of the liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that after 8 weeks, the activity of liver SOD in ET group (131.7±18.6, P=0.001) and ET + Ginger group (130.2±31.3, P=0.001) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (83.8±14.9). Moreover, liver MDA levels in the ET group (0.38±0.08, P=0.008) and ET + Ginger group (0.37±0.09, P=0.013) significantly increased in comparison with the control group (0.25.0±03). However, 8 weeks of ET coupled with ginger consumption had no effects on the serum levels of AST and ALT (P>0.05). Furthermore, ginger had no effect on MDA level and enzymatic activity of SOD (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study does not support the protective effects of ginger on the reduction of liver enzymes levels and improvement of the antioxidant status

scholarly journals Cardioprotective effects of Citrullus lanatus rinds in male wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
O. G. Akintunde ◽  
E. S. Ajibola ◽  
S. A. V. Abakpa ◽  
B. O. Oluwo ◽  
J. O. Olukunle
Keyword(s):  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cardiac Risk ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Water melon, citrullus lanatus is a common edible fruit belongs to the family of cucumber (Cucurbitacea). The outer part of citrullus lanatus known as the rind is always discarded. This study investigated the effects of ethanol extract of citrullus lanatus rinds orally administered on some liver function enzymes, kidney function markers, cardiac risk ratio, and the atherogenic coefficient indices in male wistar rats. Twenty-five male Wistar albino rats were randomly distributed into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of five rats each received 0mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds respectively for 35days. The result showed that the effects of ethanol extract of citrullus lanatus rinds was not significant difference (p > 0.05) in serum liver enzymes (Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, Alkaline phosphatase) in increasing dose dependent manner when compared with control group. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in serum levels of urea and creatinine with increasing dose of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds in rats when compared with control group. The extract showed significantly higher (p< 0.05) values in the serum HDL, cholesterol but there were significant reduction (p< 0.05) in the serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and non-HDL values in rats at higher doses of the extract when compared with control group. While it was observed that the cardiac risk ratio, the atherogenic coefficient and indices decreased significantly (p< 0.05) in rats at increasing doses of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds when compared with control group. This may suggest a likely cardio-protective effects of ethanol extract of Citrullus lanatus rinds in increasing dose dependent manner in rats when compared with control group. In conclusion, it can be inferred that Citrullus lanatus rinds can be consumed by animals without detrimental effect.

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