scholarly journals Ginkgo biloba modulates hippocampal BDNF expression in a rat model of chronic restraint stress-induced depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-297
Author(s):  
Seyed Abdolmajid Ayatollahi ◽  
◽  
Shahrokh Khoshsirat ◽  
Ali Asghar Peyvandi ◽  
Omidvar Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Repeated Restraint Stress

Introduction: Mood disorders such as depression and anxiety disorders have been affecting a relatively high proportion of the world's population. Neuroplasticity hypothesis of depression proposes that lack of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can cause structural changes in the brain. The extract of Ginkgo biloba (Gb) leaves can restore much of the damage in the nervous system. We examined the antidepressant role of Gb extract (EGb 761) on BDNF expression modulation in the hippocampus of rats subjected to repeated restraint stress (RRS). Methods: Adult male rats were randomly divided into 10 groups: control, control-vehicle treated, stress, stress-vehicle treated, as well as three control and three experimental groups pretreated with EGb (15, 30, 60mg/kg, IP daily) for 21 days. They underwent restraint stress on a daily basis, 6 hours for 21 consecutive days. Weight changes, locomotor activity and forced swim test (FST) were employed to assess depressive-like symptoms. The serum corticosterone level was also measured by ELISA. Hippocampal BDNF DNA methylation and protein expression were assayed by methylation sensitive restriction enzymes (Real Time PCR) and Western-blotting respectively in all groups. Results: Pre-treatment with 30 and 60 mg/kg/day of Gb extract significantly attenuated depressive-like effects in the body weight, FST and serum corticosterone level in RSS rats compared to control groups. Further, it inhibited chronic stress-induced alterations in the hippocampal BDNF DNA methylation and protein expression. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Gb can induce an antidepressant role through its modulation effect on the hippocampal BDNF expression.

scholarly journals Lithium modulates the chronic stress-induced effect on blood glucose level of male rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasa Popovic ◽  
Snezana Pajovic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Serum Corticosterone

In the present study we examined gross changes in the mass of whole adrenal glands and that of the adrenal cortex, as well as the serum corticosterone and glucose level of mature male Wistar rats subjected to three different treatments: animals subjected to chronic restraint-stress, animals injected with lithium (Li) and chronically stressed rats treated with Li. Under all three conditions we observed hypertrophy of whole adrenals, as well as the adrenal cortices. Chronic restraint stress, solely or in combination with Li treatment, significantly elevated the corticosterone level, but did not change the blood glucose level. Animals treated only with Li exhibited an elevated serum corticosterone level and blood glucose level. The aim of our study was to investigate the modulation of the chronic stress-induced effect on the blood glucose level by lithium, as a possible mechanism of avoiding the damage caused by chronic stress. Our results showed that lithium is an agent of choice which may help to reduce stress-elevated corticosterone and replenish exhausted glucose storages in an organism.

scholarly journals Neurotoxic Effect of Fipronil in Male Wistar Rats: Ameliorative Effect of L-Arginine and L-Carnitine

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Yasmina K. Mahmoud ◽  
Ahmed A. Ali ◽  
Heba M. A. Abdelrazek ◽  
Tahany Saleh Aldayel ◽  
Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Spatial Learning And Memory ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ameliorative Effect

The ameliorative effect of L-arginine (LA) and L-carnitine (LC) against fipronil (FPN)-induced neurotoxicity was explored. In this case, 36 adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups: group I received distilled water, group II received 500 mg/kg LA, group III received 100 mg/kg LC, group IV received 4.85 mg/kg FPN, group V received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 500 mg/kg LA and group VI received 4.85 mg/kg FPN and 100 mg/kg LC for 6 weeks. Cognitive performance was assessed using Barnes maze (BM). Serum corticosterone, brain total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) and dopamine were measured. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of ionized calcium-binding adaptor (Iba-1), doublecortin (DCX) and serotonin (S-2A) receptors were performed. Fipronil induced noticeable deterioration in spatial learning and memory performance. In addition, FPN significantly (p < 0.05) diminished brain antioxidant defense system and dopamine coincide with elevated serum corticosterone level. Histopathological examination revealed degenerative and necrotic changes. Furthermore, Iba-1 and DCX were significantly expressed in cortex and hippocampus whereas S-2A receptors were significantly lowered in FPN group. However, administration of LA or LC alleviated FPN-induced deteriorations. In conclusion, LA and LC could be prospective candidates for mitigation of FPN-induced neurotoxicity via their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuropotentiating effects.

Repeated restraint stress upregulates rat sulfotransferase 1A1

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Rajiv Balyan ◽  
Ma Cai ◽  
Wenhong Zhao ◽  
Zhao Dai ◽  
Yujia Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Repeated Restraint Stress ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Hormone Homeostasis

Abstract BackgroundSulfotransferases (SULTs) are phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes. SULTs also regulate the biological activities of biological signaling molecules, such as various hormones, bile acids, and monoamine neurotransmitters; therefore, they play critical roles in the endocrine and nervous systems. People are subject to various kinds of physical, chemical, toxicological, physiological, and psychological stresses at one time or another. The study of the effects produced by stress may lead to finding novel remedies for many disease conditions. The effect of repeated restraint stress on rat SULT expression has not been studied. MethodsThis study involves the effect of repeated restraint stress on SULT1A1 expressions. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=4) were subjected to repeated restraint stress 2 h/day for 7 days. Protein and RNA expression of SULT1A1 were analyzed by western blot and quantitative real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively, in important tissues. ResultsWe observed that repeated restraint stress increased the expression of SULT1A1 in the liver, adrenal glands, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex in male rats. Patterns of enhanced expression were observed at both mRNA and protein level, indicating that repeated restraint stress stimulates enzyme expression at the transcriptional level. ConclusionsChanges of SULT1A1 expression in important tissues caused by repeated restraint stress will have a significant effect on drug metabolism and xenobiotics detoxification. The significant changes in endocrine glands and brain sections may also cause disturbances in hormone homeostasis, therefore leading to disease conditions. This report provides clues for the understanding of the effect of stresses on health.

scholarly journals The Antidepressant-like Effect of Flavonoids from Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seeds in Chronic Restraint Stress Mice via Modulation of Monoamine Regulatory Pathways

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiancheng Wang ◽  
Cuilin Cheng ◽  
Chao Xin ◽  
Zhenyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Sucrose Preference ◽  
Chronic Restraint Stress ◽  
Monoamine Neurotransmitters ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Mao A

Fenugreek (Trigonella Foenum-Graecum) seeds flavonoids (FSF) have diverse biological activities, while the antidepressant-like effect of FSF has been seldom explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant-like effect of FSF and to identify the potential molecular mechanisms. LC-MS/MS was used for the determination of FSF. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) was used to establish the animal model of depression. Observation of exploratory behavior in the forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) indicated the stress level. The serum corticosterone (CORT) level was measured. The monoamine neurotransmitters (5-HT, NE and DA) and their metabolites, as well as monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) enzyme activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum, were evaluated. The protein expression levels of KLF11, SIRT1, MAO-A were also determined by western blot analysis. The results showed that FSF treatment significantly reversed the CRS-induced behavioral abnormalities, including reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility time. FSF administration markedly restored CRS induced changes in concentrations of serum corticosterone, prefrontal cortex neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT and DA), hippocampus neurotransmitters (NE, 5-HT and DA) and striatum neurotransmitters (NE). FSF treatment exhibited significant inhibition of MAO-A activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. FSF also significantly down-regulated the KLF11, SIRT1 and MAO-A protein expression levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. These findings indicate that FSF could exhibit an antidepressant-like effect by down-regulating the KLF11/SIRT1-MAO-A pathways, inhibiting MAO-A expression and activity, as well as up-regulating monoamine neurotransmitters levels.

scholarly journals Vitamin D Regulatory Effect on Restraint Stress-Induced Changes on Serum Corticosterone and Hippocampus BDNF Levels in Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katayoun Sedaghat ◽  
Sara Choobdar ◽  
Ahmad Reza Bandegi ◽  
Zahra Ghods
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bdnf Level ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

Background: Chronic stress exerts negative effects on cognitive functions through inducing changes in the hippocampus. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an essential factor in cognitive activities, which is considerably reduced under chronic stress. 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D plays neuroprotective roles partially by regulating the expression of various neurotrophic factors. Objectives: Since few studies have studied the impact of vitamin D on BDNF level, we conducted this brief experiment to understand the role of vitamin D in maintaining hippocampal BDNF protein levels by using restraint as a model of chronic stress in rats. Methods: Rats underwent restraint stress 3 h/day for 28 days, during which they received vitamin D (5, 10 μg/kg) or its vehicle (IP, twice weekly). After the stress period, serum corticosterone (CORT) and hippocampus BDNF protein levels were measured. Results: Restraint stress increased serum CORT (P < 0.001) and reduced BDNF protein levels (P < 0.001) as compared to the non-stress group. Vitamin D markedly maintained BDNF level close to normal (P < 0.001), but did not change CORT level significantly. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that 3h/day of chronic restraint stress for 28 days boosted serum CORT and declined hippocampal BDNF levels, similar to stronger restraint stress models. Vitamin D maintained BDNF level close to normal in the hippocampus, but it did not affect CORT level significantly.

Effects of Chrysin on Serum Corticosterone Levels and Brain Oxidative Damages Induced by Immobilization in Rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahereh Farkhondeh ◽  
Sediqeh Jalali ◽  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Fariborz Samini
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Corticosterone Level ◽  
Serum Corticosterone ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Stressed Group ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
The Impact

Background: Chrysin (CH) is one of the main flavonoids of vegetables, fruits, and plants, the neuroprotective effect of which has been demonstrated in this study. Objective: The aim of the current investigation is the evaluation of the impact of chrysin (CH) on serum corticosterone level. Additionally, depression due to chronic stress was studied in animal models. Methods: The rats were restrained for 1 hour daily for 3 weeks. During these weeks, all animals were daily injected with either vehicle or CH (10, 20, 30 µg/kg). Results: Present data indicated that the serum corticosterone levels markedly elevated in the stressed group versus the non-stressed group (p<0.001). The serum corticosterone levels were significantly lower in the stress-exposed rats administered with CH versus the stress-exposed non- CH-treated rats (p<0.05). In addition, immobility time significantly increased in the rats submitted to restraint stress versus the non-stressed group (p<0.001). Also, the number of crossing significantly decreased in the rats submitted to restraint stress versus non-stressed rats (p<0.001). The immobility time and the number of crossing were also reduced in the CH-administrated stressed rats (30 mg/kg) versus non-treated stressed group (p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively). CH also ameliorated the MDA and GSH content as well as antioxidant enzymes activities in stressed rats (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggested that CH might be useful for the management of depressant-like effects induced by chronic stress via decreasing oxidative damage in the brain.

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