scholarly journals Impact of Import and Export on The Ghanaian Economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 377-389
Author(s):  
Whajah Samuel Miezah
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Annual Time ◽  
Auto Regression

International trade is a cross-border exchange of goods and services. Ghana, a developing country, is no different from countries that rely heavily on international trade. The study seeks to analyze data obtained from the secondary annual time series for the period 1990 to 2020. Through multiple regression analysis between the trade and the economic growth, Augmented Dickey fuller test, Johansen co-integration test, Vector auto regression test, and Co-variance analysis Vector error cointegration test were used to verify the main hypothesis. The emphasis reveals positive effect of trade on the GDP of Ghana thereby having significant impact on the Ghanaian economy.

scholarly journals Logística e comércio internacional da fruticultura no estado de Minas Gerais - Brasil

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-53
Author(s):  
Igor Martins Oliveira ◽  
Luiz Andrei Gonçalves Pereira
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
The Road ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Transport Logistics

Na era globalização, a economia mundial tem vivenciado um processo de reestruturação produtiva, intensificando os fluxos nos territórios inerentes às interações espaciais de recursos, de bens e de serviços que circulam entre os mercados nacionais e internacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as dinâmicas socioespaciais dos fluxos de comércio internacional do estado de Minas Gerais por meio da logística das redes de importações e de exportações de frutas, no período de 2000 a 2017. Como resultado, identificou-se que, no mercado externo de frutas, Minas Gerais se relaciona comercialmente com 88 países, sendo 52 nas redes de exportação e 36 na rede de importação. Na operacionalização dos fluxos no comércio global, a logística de transportes foi realizada através dos modais rodoviário, marítimo e aéreo, configurando-se como um elemento geográfico, visto que as transações comerciais demandam o gerenciamento da fluidez, do planejamento e da organização dos diferentes territórios.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Logística, Comércio Internacional, Fruticultura. ABSTRACTIn the era of globalization, the world economy has undergone a process of productive restructuring, intensifying flows in the territories inherent to the spatial interactions of resources, goods and services that circulate between national and international markets. The objective of this work is to analyze the sociospatial dynamics of the international trade flows of the state of Minas Gerais through the logistics of import and export fruit networks, from 2000 to 2017. As a result, it was identified that in the market Minas Gerais has a commercial relationship with 88 countries, 52 in export networks and 36 in the import network. In the operationalization of flows in global trade, transport logistics was carried out through the road, sea and air modalities, being configured as a geographic element, since commercial transactions demand the management of the fluidity, planning and organization of the different territories.KEYWORDS: Logistic, International Trade, Fruticulture.

scholarly journals Examining the Psychological State Analysis Relationship Between Bitcoin Prices and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
JianPing Hou ◽  
Jingyi Liu ◽  
YingJiang Jie
Keyword(s):  
Price Volatility ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Short Run

The rapid worldwide spread of COVID-19 forced many countries to enforce complete lockdown and strict quarantine policies. The strict lockdown and quarantine affect the psychological state of people toward cryptocurrency. The current research aims to examine the effect of COVID-19 on Bitcoin prices concerning cumulative deaths and confirmed cases. The research comprises daily data from January 20, 2020, to April 30, 2020, during the initial worldwide breakout of COVID-19. This research employed the augmented Dickey-Fuller test to check the stationarity of data, the co-integration test for the interdependency of variables, and the vector error correction model for identifying the direction and long or short-run relationship between Bitcoin prices and COVID-19. The research results show that Bitcoin prices are negatively significant and related to COVID-19 in the short-run. A unidirectional relationship between Bitcoin prices and cumulative deaths is also observed. Investors and the public’s psychological state were positively significant to Bitcoin prices in the long-term because of cashless transactions, unbanked, and less risky virus traveling. The second reason behind the positive psychological relation is un-centralization and easy-to-make payments by Bitcoin. This study’s finding provides timely evidence to decision-makers on Bitcoin price volatility and its impacts on the public’s psychological states regarding COVID-19.

scholarly journals An Analysis of International Trade of Montenegro Using Statistics on the Operations of Transnational Corporations’ Affiliates

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-163
Author(s):  
Olivera Živković ◽  
Predrag Bjelić
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Statistical Concept ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Foreign Affiliates ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Foreign Corporations ◽  
International Transactions

Abstract Most of the international trade today takes place through transnational corporations that have changed its structure and directions of activity. The scope of international transactions that occur within transnational corporations is increasingly replacing the classical cross-border forms of import and export of goods and services. The transition process and the opening of Montenegro towards the rest of the world has had its influence on significant inflows of foreign direct investments and the presence of a large number of companies controlled by foreign capital. If we neglected the sales data of foreign corporations’ affiliates we would attain a distorted picture of the position of Montenegro in international trade. Through the analysis of the application of FATS statistics, which monitor the operations of these companies in Montenegro, we discovered the economic variables to which the foreign affiliates have made the greatest contribution. Our goal is to assess the benefits of Montenegro’s participation in international trade. The focus of the work is on the calculation of the export of Montenegro through the application of this new statistical concept.

scholarly journals Impact of Air Transport on the Indonesian Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Abdillah Arif Nasution ◽  
Zul Azmi ◽  
Ikhsan Siregar ◽  
Ikhsan Erlina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Air Transportation ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
Annual Time

This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between air transportation and economic growth in Indonesia. The data used are annual time series data from 1990 to 2017 obtained from World Bank. Data analysis method used is method of Vector Error Corection Model (VECM). The results show that there is a relationship between air transport tax and economic growth in Indonesia. Where is the tax of air transport (passenger and goods) and economic growth (GDP). Based on the granger variable or passenger variables test results and the GDP variable indicates that it remains granger-related with significant 1 percent action. Based on these findings it is hoped that further research is suggested to examine the effect of ticket prices or air fares in order to improve economic growth in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Análisis del comercio exterior de autopartes en Colombia

Respuestas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Martín Darío Arango-Serna ◽  
Daniela Gutiérrez-Sepúlveda ◽  
Luisa Fernanda Ortiz-Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Government Documents ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
Import And Export ◽  
Auto Parts

Antecedentes: El comercio internacional es entendido como “el intercambio de bienes y servicios entre personas residentes en diferentes países”[1]. Las actividades de comercio exterior que se realizan en Colombia se encuentran basadas en la teoría mercantilista que fundamenta el aumento de la riqueza de un país en el comercio exterior a partir deuna balanza comercial positiva. Objetivo: El sector autopartes colombiano es relevante para la economía del país, al representar el 6.2% del PIB, lo que hace importante su análisis para entender su comportamiento. Metodología: Revisión y análisis del comercio exterior de autopartes en Colombia, con base a la literatura científica, documentos gubernamentales y el sistema de información de comercio exterior –SICEX. Resultados a partir de la información analizada se presenta un análisis de la balanza comercial para el sector autopartes en Colombiano, dando a conocer elementos relevantes del estudio de las partidas arancelarias registradas en las operaciones de importación y exportación de autopartes en los años 2009, 2010 y 2011. Conclusiones: Este artículo identifica las principales empresas, productos, países de origen y destino de las operaciones de comercio exterior de autopartes en Colombia, al ser esta una industria influyente en el crecimiento económico del país.Palabras claves: Comercio exterior, Balanza comercial, sector autopartes, partidas arancelariasAbstractBackground: The international trade is understood as “the interchange of goods and services between people living in different countries” [1]. International trade activities performed from Colombia are based on mercantilist theory, which is founded in the increase of wealth starting from a positive trade balance. Objective: To analyze the Colombian auto parts industry in order to understand its behavior, given its relevance for the national economy, as it represents 6.2% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product). Methodology: Review and analysis of foreign trade of spare parts in Colombia, based on scientific literature, government documents and the information registered at the system of foreign trade -SICEX. Results: An analysis of the trade balance for the spare parts sector in Colombia is showed, providing relevant elements about the registered tariff items in the import and export operations of auto parts in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Conclusion:This paper identifies the main companies, products, countries of origin and destiny for the foreign trade operation of automotive spare parts in Colombia, given the influence and contribution of this industry for the economic growth of the country.Keywords: Foreign trade, auto parts industry, tariff items, balance of trade.

scholarly journals Testing Causality and Cointegration of Savings and Investment In Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Henry Otoo ◽  
Sampson Takyi Appiah ◽  
Albert Buabeng ◽  
M. Apodei
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
Annual Time

This paper sought to identify the causal relationship between saving and investment in Ghana as these econometric indicators serve as a measure for the economic development and wellbeing of developing countries. Annual time series of Saving and Investment in Ghana spanning from 1980 to 2017 were considered. First, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and the Elliott-Rothenberg-Stock (ERS) tests are carried out to determine the integration order of saving and investment data series. The Johansen's trace and maximum eigenvalue tests for cointegration were performed to ascertain the level of cointegration which suggested a long-run relationship between the saving and investment in Ghana despite potential deviations in the short-run. Finally, the Granger Causality test suggested saving as having a causal relationship with investment, while the reverse indicated no relationship. The study, therefore, recommended intensifying saving, both at the national and household level as a crucial direction for consideration if Ghana intends to finance her investments rather than relying mostly on foreign aid.  

scholarly journals The impact of forest regeneration on streamflow in 12 mesoscale humid tropical catchments

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2613-2635 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Beck ◽  
L. A. Bruijnzeel ◽  
A. I. J. M. van Dijk ◽  
T. R. McVicar ◽  
F. N. Scatena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Forest Regeneration ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Annual Time Series ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Annual Time

Abstract. Although regenerating forests make up an increasingly large portion of humid tropical landscapes, little is known of their water use and effects on streamflow (Q). Since the 1950s the island of Puerto Rico has experienced widespread abandonment of pastures and agricultural lands, followed by forest regeneration. This paper examines the possible impacts of these secondary forests on several Q characteristics for 12 mesoscale catchments (23–346 km2; mean precipitation 1720–3422 mm yr−1) with long (33–51 yr) and simultaneous records for Q, precipitation (P), potential evaporation (PET), and land cover. A simple spatially-lumped, conceptual rainfall–runoff model that uses daily P and PET time series as inputs (HBV-light) was used to simulate Q for each catchment. Annual time series of observed and simulated values of four Q characteristics were calculated. A least-squares trend was fitted through annual time series of the residual difference between observed and simulated time series of each Q characteristic. From this the total cumulative change (Â) was calculated, representing the change in each Q characteristic after controlling for climate variability and water storage carry-over effects between years. Negative values of  were found for most catchments and Q characteristics, suggesting enhanced actual evaporation overall following forest regeneration. However, correlations between changes in urban or forest area and values of  were insignificant (p ≥ 0.389) for all Q characteristics. This suggests there is no convincing evidence that changes in the chosen Q characteristics in these Puerto Rican catchments can be ascribed to changes in urban or forest area. The present results are in line with previous studies of meso- and macro-scale (sub-)tropical catchments, which generally found no significant change in Q that can be attributed to changes in forest cover. Possible explanations for the lack of a clear signal may include errors in the land cover, climate, Q, and/or catchment boundary data; changes in forest area occurring mainly in the less rainy lowlands; and heterogeneity in catchment response. Different results were obtained for different catchments, and using a smaller subset of catchments could have led to very different conclusions. This highlights the importance of including multiple catchments in land-cover impact analysis at the mesoscale.

scholarly journals Impact of International Trade and Trade Duties on Current Account Balance of the Balance of Payment: A study of N-11 Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-32
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Arif ◽  
Lubna Khan ◽  
Fatima Farooq ◽  
Tahir Suleman
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Account Balance ◽  
Test Panel ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Impact

This study is aimed to investigate the impact of international trade and trade duties upon the current account balance of the balance of payment of N-11 countries. Two constituents of each factor have been considered for the purpose of analysis. For International trade, import (IMPT) and export (EXPT) of goods and services have been considered whereas, for trade duties, taxes on international trade (TOIT) and customs and other import duties (CID) have been taken as the research variables whereas, current account balance (CAB) has been taken as the dependent variable. For the purpose of analysis panel data of N-11 countries for 27 years from 1990 to 2016 has been tested using different econometric technique such as Panel unit root test, Panel co-integration test, Hausman test, Panel regression analysis and Panel causality analysis. The results demonstrate that overall research variables are co-integrated and having long term relationship and affecting each other in the conventional manner. Notably, it is observed via results that in case of N-11 countries the CAB itself is the regulating factor and all other factors are adjusted according to the movement of CAB. The study provides recommendations for the rectification of current account deficit position and also provides scope for future research as well.

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