scholarly journals ETHNOSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF DEPOPULATION OF MOUNTAIN TERRITORIES: DAGESTAN AND NORTH OSSETIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-522
Author(s):  
Magomedhan M. Magomedhanov ◽  
Alexander N. Sadovoy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Economy ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Gradual Disappearance ◽  
North Ossetia

Unlike the transboundary regions of Mountain ecosystems in Europe (Alps) with high population density and the integration of the rural economy into the regional and World markets, most of the Mountainous regions of the Russian Federation are characterized by the stability of traditional forms of nature management and life support, which determine, on the one hand, natural (or "old") distinctiveness of the economy of rural enclaves and, on the other hand, the preservation of social institutions based on family and relative ties, the solidarity of fellow villagers, on the cohesion of the rural community and the viability of traditional culture and ethnic identification. Regarding the general trends and consequences of the migration of inhabitants of  Mountainous regions of Dagestan and North Ossetia to the lowland, it can be concluded that the prospects of ethnocultural dynamics in these republics are determined not only by the factors of urbanization, the growth of the absolute number and proportion of the population of predominantly Russian-speaking lowland urban and rural settlements and by the functional stagnation of local languages, but also by the demographic depression, depopulation of Mountainous territories, the gradual disappearance of  Mountain villages, which can be considered almost the only mono-ethnic enclaves and social environments that ensure the reproduction of ethnolinguistic and ethnocultural identity in generations. In this regard, the importance of regional and federal social policy courses aimed at sustainable socio-economic and environmental development of Mountainous territories, preserving their demographic potential and ethnocultural particularities is emphasized.

Implication of Socio-economic Factors on Land Use and Forest Cover Changes in and Around Magamba Nature Reserve in Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Solomon Jeremiah Sembosi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Rural settlements in mountainous regions are a typical process that occurs in many places around the world and have a number of implications on the landscape. Among them is a threat it possesses to the conservation and management of Afromontane ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive the changes in land use and forest cover and the extent of land use and vegetation cover in and around Magamba Nature Reserve. Focus group discussion, direct field observation and household survey were used to acquire socio-economic information that impacts land use and forest cover. Through the use of Remote Sensing and GIS methods Landsat satellite images of 1995, 2008 and 2015 were employed to identify the extent of the changes in land use and forest cover. The perceived factors for the changes include education level, unemployment, landless/limited, landholding, population pressure, expansion of built-up areas and agricultural land at the expense of other land covers. This study revealed the transformation of natural forest and associated vegetation from one form to another. There was a decrease in natural vegetation from 61.06% in 1995 to 26.02% in 2015 and increase in built-up areas by 6.69% and agricultural areas by 4.70%. This study recommends conservation monitoring and strong law enforcement relating to natural resources so as to promote sustainable use of resources to rescue the diminishing ecosystem services.

Social Networks, Their Basic Factors, as Well as Their Role in Society and the State in the Context of Digital Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Rem V. Ryzhov ◽  
◽  
Vladimir A. Ryzhov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Control Center ◽  
The Social ◽  
Single Strategy

Society is historically associated with the state, which plays the role of an institution of power and government. The main task of the state is life support, survival, development of society and the sovereignty of the country. The main mechanism that the state uses to implement these functions is natural social networks. They permeate every cell of society, all elements of the country and its territory. However, they can have a control center, or act on the principle of self-organization (network centrism). The web is a universal natural technology with a category status in science. The work describes five basic factors of any social network, in particular the state, as well as what distinguishes the social network from other organizational models of society. Social networks of the state rely on communication, transport and other networks of the country, being a mechanism for the implementation of a single strategy and plan. However, the emergence of other strong network centers of competition for state power inevitably leads to problems — social conflicts and even catastrophes in society due to the destruction of existing social institutions. The paper identifies the main pitfalls using alternative social networks that destroy the foundations of the state and other social institutions, which leads to the loss of sovereignty, and even to the complete collapse of the country.

scholarly journals Tourism Potential and Rural Tourism: A Case Study of the Municipality of Andrijevica

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 33-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Rajović ◽  
Jelisavka Bulatović
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Distinguished Group

The paper analyses tourism potential and rural tourism of the Municipality of Andrijevica. Existing tourism and recreation supply is not sufficiently developed and affirmed nor organized and connected both within the scope of the Municipality and with the neighbouring municipalities. One of the prerequisites for tourism development might be good transport infrastructure. However, in the territory of the Municipality of Andrijevica is not adequate. On the territory of the Municipality of Andrijevica, natural and anthropogenic values are distinguished group deployment and characteristics of complexity and complementarily. Natural values are particularly come to the fore, if we know that modern tourism trends emphasize the value of untouched nature. Marketing affirmation of the Municipality of Andrijevica is one of the most important processes that represent a momentum for its tourism development. In this sense, all kinds of tourism propaganda must be enhanced, which affirmed the value of tourism (for example the eco-pasture Štavna), which would lead to a more comprehensive tourism development that would provide a profitable economic performance. Particularly it is very important to encourage and support rapid development of economic activities in rural areas and development of human resources. Furthermore, the economic progress and independence rural settlements of the Municipality of Andrijevica must be improved in accordance with the ecological principles and sustainable development in rural development. In finding a new identity and direction of development of the rural economy, the Municipality of Andrijevica must accept new trends in Europe and the countries that have been through a period of transition, in terms of adapting and complementing so far the role of villages and rural areas within diversified supply and the introduction of tourism as one the essential activities. Such guidelines already exist in spatial and urban plans of the Municipality of Andrijevica, starting as of 2010

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION TO THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ratko Ristić ◽  
Ivan Malušević ◽  
Boris Radić ◽  
Slobodan Milanović ◽  
Vukašin Milčanović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Huge Impact ◽  
Rain Events

Forest ecosystems provide a wide range of environmental services with an important role in the Earth’s life-support system. Climate change in Southeastern Europe (SEE) and forecasts for the period until 2070 have a huge impact on the present and future planning in forestry and watershed management, due to the observed trends: the increment of mean annual air temperature from 2,5–5,0 °C until the end of the XXI century; redistribution of annual precipitation, with much more precipitation in the spring-summer period, during short, intensive rain events; a decrease of annual precipitation and soil moisture of 10–20 %, with extreme consequences: dieback and disappearance of forests in huge areas of hilly-mountainous regions. Degradation and loss of forests leads to spread and intensification of soil erosion, with frequent torrential floods, mudflows, landslides, and avalanches. Stable forest ecosystems are pillars of sustainable development, repopulation and could provide means and resources to battle and overcome poverty in moun-tainous regions of southeast Europe.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE BANKING SECTOR AND SECURITY OF THE BACKBONE BANK ACTIVITES IN THE EXCHANGE MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serhii Petrukha ◽  
◽  
Mykola Korolenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Exchange Market ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
The One ◽  
Institutional Challenges

The article consistently grounds that a collision of the existing economic model with financial-economic, social-and-food and institutional challenges generated by the COVID-19 pandemic jeopardizes achieving the nationally prioritized Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, in particular, associated with the anti-crisis reaction to an imbalance of nature management, ecology, sustainability of formation of agricultural valued-added chains as well as enroots a lag of the national regulating financial-and-economic system behind the New Green Deal chosen on a planetary scale and on the European continent – the European Green Deal. To neutralize this crisis gene, the article grounds the need not only to develop respective concepts, strategies, programs, approaches to the economic stimulation and budgetary financing, but also determines crying reality – low activity of the banking sector as a financial donor in implementing respective measures for achieving national “green” goals, in restructuring the economy due to high volatility of current processes. This crystallized the subject of research – a role of the banking sector in the formation of the national ability to implement the European Green Deal through the lens of financial sustainability, security of its activities in exchange markets. As first methodological steps, symbiotics is offered, putting together traditional tools of scientific research with a non-orthodox combination of material and computational financial-and-economic experiments allowing to conduct targeted research – the state of the banking sector of the country and security of activities of one of the backbone banks – PrivatBank, in general, and in the exchange market, in particular. It was proved that the lack of synchronicity of the regulation of the European Green Deal, Ukraine’s Green Deal and a methodological basis of financial stability, in general, and macro-prudential policy, in particular, has generated information asymmetry in assessing the potential of the banking sector to provide normative regulations in the “greening” of sectors of the national economy. In this context, the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Protection of Ukraine presented, at the beginning of 2020, a draft Concept of “Green” Transition of Ukraine until 2050, which implementation will take place using financial instruments tested within the framework of “warm” loan programs carrying new opportunities for the PrivatBank’s participation in the “greening” of the national economy including that by crediting projects of complex thermo-modernization of both multi-apartment and individual houses. As a result of implementing the Green Deal, the economy of Ukraine will drastically change, new sectors, new industries will appear within the framework of the traditional rural economy and environmental economy while a link between the economic growth, on the one hand, and resource consumption, environmental contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, on the other hand, will be broken. In this context, in order to maintain own leading positions in the segment of the regulatory providing and financing of modernization of small and medium business in the direction of its “greening”, the PrivatBank needs to immediately actualize the provisions of its strategy until 2022, subject to new market segmentation, prioritization of recipients of loans, their channeling, first of all, for the needs of the “green” modern.

scholarly journals Economic effect of short-term period tax benefits in mountainous parts of Georgia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketevan Tchanidze ◽  
◽  
Natela Tsiklashvili ◽  
Zeinab Surmanidze ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

Migration processes of high mountains and population growth of cities have led to depopulation in mountainous regions, rising unemployment in the city and a had a decrease in agricultural products, ultimately provoke external migration processes. These problems are typical not only for Georgia but also for the postSoviet countries and are relevant in the global context. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyse the effects of the short-term tax privileges for the mountainous regions of Georgia. The paper is dedicated to research and quantitative analysis of the impact of tax and social benefits on improving demographic conditions and regulating internal migration processes, both in the short and long-term perspective. The research methodology was based on the statistical processing of the survey results. For quantitative research, we used a structured questionnaire, which was developed by face-to-face interviews. Approximately 500 respondents were interviewed in 79 villages of 11 communities of Khulo, the Adjara Autonomous Republic, Georgia. The study revealed that by regulating tax and social benefits, it is possible to partially manage the internal migration processes of the mountainous region in the short run, while in the long run, a complex approach to the issue is important. In the mountainous parts, tax, social and other benefits will have a positive economic effect in the short term. Increasing the amount of income for individuals and legal entities is one way to stimulate the rural economy.

scholarly journals Traditional Use of Natural Resources of Local Old Believer (Semeiski) communities of Transbaikalia in the 18th—20th Centuries: Theoretical and Methodological Basis of the Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 373-390
Author(s):  
S. A. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Spiritual Needs ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
Geographic Environment

Some theoretical aspects of the study of the traditional nature management of local Old Believer (Semei) communities living in Transbaikalia are considered. On the basis of the available theoretical works of cultural geography, ethnology, cultural studies, sociology and other related disciplines, the analysis of the concepts of “local community”, “life support”, “traditional nature management” in relation to Old Believer communities has been carried out. An attempt has been made to identify the merits of studying the Old Believers in Transbaikalia using the category of the local community. It is shown that in a comprehensive study of local communities of the Semeiskaya Transbaikalia, the following elements emerge: nature as the life environment of Old Believer communities, natural resources, traditions and a set of actions that regulate social and industrial life, the religious basis that determines the behavior of the community and its individual members, the main material and spiritual needs, to the satisfaction of which most of the energy of human collectives is directed. It is noted that the concept of “life support” is diverse, dynamic and has wide adaptive capabilities. The category of traditional nature management is used to study the cultural and geographical continuity of the Semeiskys and the specifics of their life support in the conditions of the Trans-Baikal geographic environment. In this regard, the traditional use of natural resources of Semeiskiye is presented as a set of strategies for the rational use of natural and land resources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document