REALITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR INTENSIFICATION OF BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION DUE TO THE USE OF DISCRETE-PULSE ENERGY INPUT

The development of the biofuel industry and the production of bioethanol and using it as a fuel in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular are analyzed in the paper. Bioethanol is mostly produced from sugar- and starch-containing raw materials. It is noted that bioethanol is obtained mainly from molasses in Ukraine. Molasses is a by-product of sugar beet production. The prospects of second-generation bioethanol production made from unfit for human consumption lignocellulosic biomass such as agricultural by-products, forestry residues, municipal waste are considered. Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass is the main task in bioethanol production from such raw materials. Partial or complete hydrolysis of hemicellulose and the conversion of crystalline cellulose into an amorphous state are required to destroy the strong structure of the lignocellulosic complex and remove lignin for further processing. The method of Discrete-Pulse Energy Input was used to intensify the production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic biomass. The method allows shortening the duration of pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation, increasing the amount of reducing substances in the wort, reducing energy consumption and generally making this technology more economically attractive. The universal heat and mass exchange installation in order to reduce energy and resource consumption in bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass is developed at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of the NAS of Ukraine. The Installation allows carrying out the processes of dispersion, dissolution, heating, hydrolysis at the same time in one apparatus.

INTERDEPENDENCE OF REGIONAL POLICY AND NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF THE COUNTRY

Today, the different speeds of regional development and the preservation of unresolved structural contradictions, which have a pronounced regional dimension, have become one of the main foundations of political reconstruction in the growth of changes to ensure national security. Favorable regional institutional environment creates opportunities for optimal use of resources of the territory, which is the basis for ensuring the proper quality of life of the population of the region, eliminating all possible dangers at all levels. The strategic objectives of regional policy are to increase the competitiveness of regions and strengthen their resource potential, ensure human resources development, development of interregional cooperation, it is clear that under conditions of stable functioning of the security system at the regional level and thus the national system. In addition, the regional policy of the state - targeted actions of the state aimed at balancing the conditions of regions and their results, improving the use of aggregate regional resources and opportunities that can be implemented against the background of comprehensive security actions in all areas, including local levels. The mechanism of implementation of state regional policy, which can be defined as a system of specific state levers and organizational and economic means by which state influence on the spatial organization of society, provides socio-economic development of regions, improves the structure of their economic complex. That recently, due to the crisis situation in the country and military action, the system of state regional policy has paid considerable attention to the system of ensuring the security of the region from possible threats and challenges that may cause national dangers. The main components of the integrated mechanism of state regional policy of Ukraine, as defined by current regulations, are: the relevant legal framework, budget and financial regulation of regional development, forecasting and programming, development of various forms of territorial organization of productive forces. Legislative regulation at the international level of regulatory relations creates favorable conditions for a single legal activity related to national security, which, in turn, includes organizational and communicative tasks in the implementation of domestic and foreign policy at all levels.

ROKYTNE GLASS FACTORY. SOVIET RECONSTRUCTION AND MODERNIZATION (1939–1945)

The article has been explored the features of the reconstruction and technical modernization of Rokytne glass factory during 1939-1945. The historiographical and source base made it possible to carry out a comprehensive scientific study on the issue. The economic transformations at the Rokytne glass factory can roughly be divided into three periods, namely Soviet nationalization, occupation, the beginning of reconstruction, during which both reconstruction and modernization of the enterprise were implemented. The Second World War led to colossal coup, the former Polish territories underwent changes; Rokytne village became a typical Soviet settlement of district importance. The first arrival of Soviet power in 1939 led to administrative and territorial transformations, especially the loss of urban status Rokytne town, and the wave of nationalization: glassworks, banks, transport, land, forced expropriation of property; repression and deportation were considered the core of a sharp decreasing of living standards and their social and cultural degradation. The glass factory nationalization after Rokytnе joined and considered as a part of the USSR in 1939 had the main objective to unify all production processes according to Soviet standards and introduce (implement) traditional methods of administration at the enterprise entities. The ownership underwent the noticeable transformations. The majority of the engineers, retreating army moved to Poland, taking with them the equipment and technical documentation as well in order to set up Kama-Vitrum, a new glass plant. With the beginning of the Soviet-German confrontation, the occupation enterprise policy provided primarily for the production of glass products, especially sheet glass, in order to satisfy war needs with minimal material and technical restoration to provide primitive conditions for conveyor production process. After the liberation in 1944, the Soviet economy suffered from the crisis at the initial stage of reconstruction due to the lack of financial, material and human resources in order to implement modernization, reconstruction and reconstruction processes at industrial facilities of local and national importance. Notwithstanding the contradictions and complexity of the processes, the Rokytne glass factory, due to local funds involvement, resources, personnel and their ingenuity and dedicated work, resumed production of glass products in terms of difficult conditions a month after liberation.

RESEARCH OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER DURING CONVECTIVE DRYING OF COLLOID CAPILLARY-POROUS MATERIALS

The article presents a reasonable analysis and relevance of the study of the drying process of vegetable raw materials (colloidal capillary-porous materials). Drying is an energy-intensive industrial process that is defined from a technological point of view: on the one hand by heat and moisture exchange between the body surface and the environment, on the other hand by heating the body and transferring moisture inside it due to the form of moisture. One of the most effective ways to increase the shelf life of food is to dry it to equilibrium humidity. Very important are the technological parameters of the drying regimes, which, when used rationally, are able to preserve the biochemical properties and nutrients of the raw material at a high level in the obtained dry product. The study of dehydration of vegetable raw materials is widely practiced around the world, especially in countries such as Germany, France, USA, Argentina, Hungary, Brazil, Poland, Korea, China, Malaysia. However, the obtained processed products lose their biologically active components and nutrients, and the processing process is energy consuming. Therefore, the problem is relevant and needs an effective solution. In this paper, the kinetics of the drying process, thermogravimetric studies and a mathematical model for colloidal capillary-porous materials of plant origin were analyzed. According to the results of the highlighted research, the process of convective drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials was intensified above 21% due to the use of innovative step regimes. The developed beet-rhubarb composition is a colloidal capillary-porous material that stabilizes and protects at the biochemical level betanin of the beet from the effects of temperature during convective drying, has in comparison with the components of the composition lower heat of dehydration and increased thermal-stability. Prolonged high-temperature exposure causes instant complete destruction of sugars, proteins and other nutrients components. Derivatographic studies have confirmed that the use of the temperature range of 100 ° C in a stepwise mode of 100/60 ° C for the developed soybean-spinach composition is safe for biologically active substances and it is justified by experimental temperature curves. Numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer during convective drying of crushed beets and crushed soybeans using the known model by A.V. Lykov satisfactorily describes the process and can be used to model the convection drying of colloidal capillary-porous materials.

INNOVATIVE VIOLIN METHOD OF TEACHING AS A MECHANISM FOR FORMING THE MEANING FORMATION OF MUSICAL NARRATIVE OF VIOLIN INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF THE ERA ON ROMANTICISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF 5-TH CAPRICE OF PAGANINI’S FROM THE CYCLE “24 CAPRICES FOR SOLO VIOLIN”)

This article is devoted to the innovative violin method of teaching which reveals different angles of the paradigm processes of the formation of the text of violin instrumental music of the era on Romanticism and the semantic organization of the musical narrative in the development of the intertextual dialogue "one's own-another's" on the material of the 5th Caprice for Paganini's violin-solo. The problem of dialogue in art in a broad sense is now one of the most popular both in modern domestic musicology and in culture in general. This exploration constitutes a fragmented but very important section from the structural elements of which the research innovative violin methodology is formed and consist, which rapidly increases motility, qualitatively alters of sound production, accurately, clear articulation, uses new technology that instantly allows you get rid of tension in the muscles during the performances of musical pieces, regardless of the speed of the pace of the instrumental pieces being performed, allows instant concentration and helps to overcome the stage excitement of the performer, using a combination of carefully selected instrumental and psychological tools (attitude and practices). The technique pushed the author to highlight the main directions and principles of interaction of textual reincarnations. The stated problem significantly expands the spectral directions in the study of the semantic organization of narratives in research exploration. The study of the texts of instrumental pieces in intertextual interactions allows to get into the processes of text creation and to investigate their influence on the realization of the final idea of the composer and performer. The process of forming the text of instrumental music as the end result and the end point of full-fledged research is an open scientific problem. The peculiarity of this study is the intersection of musicological, cultural and psychological views on the stated issues. We’re guided in its work by various multifunctional methodologies of several scientific areas: from purely musical to culturological (using synergistic, hermeneutic, gnoseological and aesthetic approaches) and psychological (relying on the knowledge of the psychology of creativity using various setting and practices, existential approach). The use of research innovative violin technique makes this study unique and different from previous explorations. The approach to studying the text of any volume and complexity will be the key to a better understanding of the cultural dialogue of postmodern times, when the performer face to face enters into an imaginary dialogue of artists in the study of cultural processes, to better understand themselves, to clarify cultural, psychological and musicological paradigms of reading an artistic text. The study of the semantic mechanisms of the instrumental text will provide an opportunity to delve into the processes of textual dialogue and will reveal the features of the artistic possibilities of the theme of Caprice 5, which acts as an intertextual model for any instrumental pieces, regardless of the time of their creation. Culture reveals its meanings through the stylistics of texts, which is why it is so important to master different ways of thinking. And cultural stereoscopicity will allow us to consider the problem of intertext mechanisms polyphonically and dynamically, from the study of cultural codes and communications to the revival of cultural space in the polyphony of existence.

FINANCIAL STABILITY OF THE BANKING SECTOR AND SECURITY OF THE BACKBONE BANK ACTIVITES IN THE EXCHANGE MARKET IN THE CONTEXT OF NATIONAL ABILITY TO IMPLEMENT THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL

The article consistently grounds that a collision of the existing economic model with financial-economic, social-and-food and institutional challenges generated by the COVID-19 pandemic jeopardizes achieving the nationally prioritized Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, in particular, associated with the anti-crisis reaction to an imbalance of nature management, ecology, sustainability of formation of agricultural valued-added chains as well as enroots a lag of the national regulating financial-and-economic system behind the New Green Deal chosen on a planetary scale and on the European continent – the European Green Deal. To neutralize this crisis gene, the article grounds the need not only to develop respective concepts, strategies, programs, approaches to the economic stimulation and budgetary financing, but also determines crying reality – low activity of the banking sector as a financial donor in implementing respective measures for achieving national “green” goals, in restructuring the economy due to high volatility of current processes. This crystallized the subject of research – a role of the banking sector in the formation of the national ability to implement the European Green Deal through the lens of financial sustainability, security of its activities in exchange markets. As first methodological steps, symbiotics is offered, putting together traditional tools of scientific research with a non-orthodox combination of material and computational financial-and-economic experiments allowing to conduct targeted research – the state of the banking sector of the country and security of activities of one of the backbone banks – PrivatBank, in general, and in the exchange market, in particular. It was proved that the lack of synchronicity of the regulation of the European Green Deal, Ukraine’s Green Deal and a methodological basis of financial stability, in general, and macro-prudential policy, in particular, has generated information asymmetry in assessing the potential of the banking sector to provide normative regulations in the “greening” of sectors of the national economy. In this context, the Ministry of Energy and Environmental Protection of Ukraine presented, at the beginning of 2020, a draft Concept of “Green” Transition of Ukraine until 2050, which implementation will take place using financial instruments tested within the framework of “warm” loan programs carrying new opportunities for the PrivatBank’s participation in the “greening” of the national economy including that by crediting projects of complex thermo-modernization of both multi-apartment and individual houses. As a result of implementing the Green Deal, the economy of Ukraine will drastically change, new sectors, new industries will appear within the framework of the traditional rural economy and environmental economy while a link between the economic growth, on the one hand, and resource consumption, environmental contamination, greenhouse gas emissions, on the other hand, will be broken. In this context, in order to maintain own leading positions in the segment of the regulatory providing and financing of modernization of small and medium business in the direction of its “greening”, the PrivatBank needs to immediately actualize the provisions of its strategy until 2022, subject to new market segmentation, prioritization of recipients of loans, their channeling, first of all, for the needs of the “green” modern.

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS FOR ECONOMIC SUPPORT IN POST COVID ERA

Article deals with important issues within the international economic relations and displays the role of financial institutions as intermediaries that supply clients with financial instruments and contribute to sustainable economic development in the post .covid period. The purpose of the article is to find out the features of bank activity and to develop recommendations for assessing financial techniques for supporting economic processes. Theoretical and empirical research methods are used to achieve the aim. Results reveal the features of variety of instruments, that can be implemented by public and private financial institutions in reaching the goals of improving leaving standards of population of developing countries and those, who are suffering from the contemporary economic turbulence, caused by global covid-19 pandemic. Originality/scientific novelty is determined by the implementation of the process of contemporary improving banking and its adaptation to the modern needs of high-quality service of economic entities in modern post covid economy. Practical value includes the formed methods and mechanisms of their implementation towards provision of the sustainable development of countries and their cooperation. The results of the study provide a case for inter banking within developing economic in contemporary environment of post covid era. Recommendations can be taken into consideration while constructing economic and political approach to an international infrastructure. It is strongly recommended to take into consideration the international experience and to introduce the required instruments to be successful within contemporary situation. Presented results of the study can benefit regulators and banks by providing new instruments for sustainable economic development.

MEDIATION IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS OF UKRAINE: PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT

The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the problems of peaceful and out-of-court settlement of disputes are important for Ukraine and society. At the same time, significant parts of Ukrainian citizens are not yet familiar with the term «mediation». However, it is through mediation that conflicts in the private and public spheres of public relations can be resolved. It turns out that the essence of mediation is to involve the parties to the conflict in resuming and resolving the conflict, to listen to their problems and opinions on how they see a way out of the conflict situation and to lead them to compromise. This is the participation of the mediator – the mediator in the conflict. In the electoral process, it is possible to resolve conflicts through mediation. Norms on mediation in the election process may be provided for in the Electoral Code of Ukraine. One of the main concepts of mediation, enshrined in the legislation of foreign countries, as well as the project of Ukraine – the voluntary nature of the mediation process and the existence of mutual consent of the parties to mediation. The principle of voluntariness should also be enshrined for mediation in the electoral process. It has been established that today in Ukraine there are no direct legal or other obstacles to the activities of mediators who are specialists in resolving conflicts and disputes in Ukraine, but no special law has been adopted. But in the election process today, the mediation process is not provided for in the Electoral Code of Ukraine. The article proposes provisions for the draft law of Ukraine on mediation and the Electoral Code of Ukraine.

AGROECOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF LEGUMES IN CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE OF UKRAINE

The ecological significance of leguminous crops grown in modern intensive crop rotation in Ukraine is considered. In particular, the sown areas of common leguminous crops in Ukraine and the level of their productivity have been analyzed. A comparison is made with the acreage of common field crops in Ukraine. The volume of accumulation of by-products in the form of their straw and stubble is calculated. A comparison is made for these indicators with the most widespread grain crops grown in Ukraine. The data on the content of the main nutrients in the by-products of leguminous crops – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium are given. On the basis of these indicators, a calculation was made of the accumulation of the main nutrients in the soil, which can come with by-products of leguminous crops at their average yield. We also compared the obtained indicators with the input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium into the soil with by-products of the most common grain crops. Calculated symbiotic nitrogen fixation by leguminous crops. Based on this, a conclusion was made about the most effective leguminous crops, the cultivation of which in the modern intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will more contribute to the stabilization of the agroecological state of the soil. It is proved that an increase in the areas of leguminous crops in the intensive crop rotation of Ukraine will have a positive effect on the agroecological state of the soil. In particular, growing beans allows you to get the highest mass of by-products, which can be buried in the soil – 3.5 t/ha. Also, the by-products of beans provide the input into the soil of all mineral phosphorus – 12.6 kg/ha of all leguminous crops, as well as potassium – 16.5 kg/ha. By-products allow to accumulate more mineral nitrogen in the soil with by-products – 38.4 kg/ha. Also, soybeans are characterized by a high symbiotic nitrogen-fixing ability among all leguminous crops – 120 kg/ha.

INTEGRATING THE IDEAS OF THE LIBERAL PHILOSOPHY OF TOLERANCE INTO THE DIMENSIONS OF MODERN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

The article presents the results of theoretical and scientific research of the ways of application of basic theoretical and methodological concepts formed in the field of tolerance research by developers and followers of liberal philosophical direction through integration of these ideas into the dimensions of modern inclusive education. Describes and analyses the problems of formation and development of the phenomenon of tolerance in the paradigm of the liberal philosophical direction. The range of these studies is focused on current trends in tolerance in the context of development of the collective consciousness of a civil society. The attempt is made to make distinctions between the definitions of "tolerance" and "indulgence". The current tendencies of tolerance in the context of formation of the state system on democratic principles, based on the need for peaceful and legal resolution of conflicts, understanding and realization of civil liberties of individuals and various social groups, avoidance of discrimination and civil society development are studied and updated. The internal contradictory nature of tolerance is argued, through the following provisions: unlimited indulgence leads to the disappearance of indulgence; tolerant do not tolerate the intolerable, tolerance combines ideas and interests that contradict each other. Particular attention is paid to revealing of prospects for development of inclusion in the modern educational environment as one of the main components of formation of an active tolerant position in a society. The list of necessary competences which provide comfortable interaction of norm-typical children with children with possible educational needs is resulted. Some criteria for manifestation of an active tolerant attitude to inclusion in the general educational environment are proposed. Given the complexity and multifaceted nature of the phenomenon of tolerance, the main purpose of the study was to clarify the main ideas of the liberal philosophy of the concept of tolerance, as well as to identify the prospects for inclusion as a separate manifestation of tolerance in education. To achieve this goal the following tasks were implemented: specifying the essential parameters of the definition of "tolerance"; outlining the problem field of tolerance research in liberal philosophical discourse; study of vectors of integration of the philosophical continuum of tolerance to the measurement of the modern space of inclusive education. The objectivity of the theoretical analysis of the obtained results is taken into account and observed through the use of general scientific research methods, which are represented by the following system: historical and logical method - to study the formation of the concept of tolerance in liberal philosophical thought; system approach - to identify contradictions in the internal mechanisms of the phenomenon of tolerance and approach to understanding their interaction; comparison and systematization to make distinctions between the definitions of "tolerance" and "indulgence"; abstraction and generalization - to highlight the phenomenon of tolerance as an active position of the subjects of the pedagogical process in the terms of inclusion; analysis and synthesis - to study the specifics of tolerance in the context of an inclusive educational environment and the integration of indicators of "tolerance in action" in the framework of the worldview dimension of a modern society.