scholarly journals Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Abu Kulit Alpukat sebagai Katalis Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Goreng Bekas menjadi Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azif Afandi ◽  
Lindia Riani ◽  
Yanna Syamsuddin ◽  
Zuhra Zuhra
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Waste Biomass

Biodiesel is synthesized through a transesterification reaction with the help of a catalyst and generally uses a homogeneous catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysts can be synthesized from waste biomass such as avocado peel through a calcination. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of variations in calcination temperature (550, 650, and 750oC) on the performance of the catalyst for biodiesel production and to analyze the effect of differences in the amount of catalyst (4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight of oil) used in the transesterification process on biodiesel yield. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. The results of the characterization of the catalyst showed that the dominant active phase of the catalyst was potassium (K). The highest biodiesel yield was obtained when using avocado peel ash as a catalyst which was calcined at a temperature of 650oC and using 6% catalyst by weight of oil. In the transesterification reaction the composition of the biodiesel product was analyzed using GC-MS and resulted that the palmitic acid was the most abundant composition in biodiesel. The biodiesel products produced were characterized for its density, viscosity, and acid number and have met the standard of SNI 7182:2015.

Synthesis and Characterization of Different Transition Metal-Alginate Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Fei Ling Pua ◽  
Kah Thong Looi ◽  
Shamala Gowri Krishnan ◽  
Sharifah Nabihah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst

In recent years, attention has been drawn to produce heterogeneous catalyst to replace homogeneous catalyst in biodiesel industry. This study was focused on the synthesis of three different types of alginate based heterogeneous catalyst (Ferric-alginate, Copper-alginate, and Nickel alginate) and the effect of the catalyst on esterification of oleic acid. Morphology and elemental analysis was conducted to investigate the properties of the catalyst. The new heterogeneous catalysts were used to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid at reaction temperature of 60°C and 2 hours reaction time. Fe-alginate has achieved the highest free fatty acids (FFAs) conversation rate of 82.03%. The results and findings proved that transition metal-alginate heterogeneous catalyst has the potential and ability to esterify the free fatty acids prior biodiesel production from high free fatty acids feedstock.

scholarly journals Crude Glycerol/Guishe Based Catalysts for Biodiesel Production: Conforming a Guishe Biorefinery

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Andrea Belén Figueroa-Díaz ◽  
Salvador Carlos-Hernández ◽  
Lourdes Díaz-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Ft Ir

Biodiesel production imposes some challenges, such as the crude glycerol management and cleaning requirements of biodiesel produced by homogeneous transesterification. Heterogeneous catalysts based on residual biomass have been proposed to tackle these challenges; in addition, biomass revalorization is fundamental for biorefineries development. In this research, two organic wastes (crude glycerol and guise) are used to synthesize carbonaceous catalysts. Four catalysts, with different crude glycerol/guishe proportions, were prepared by pyrolysis at 800 and 900 °C, followed by a chemical functionalization with H2SO4. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the catalysts. The performance of the catalysts was evaluated in a soybean oil transesterification reaction. The crude glycerol/guishe based catalysts lead to similar biodiesel yields than the obtained with a conventional homogeneous catalyst (CH3NaO). The catalyst identified as BS-25-8 (a mixture of 25% guishe and 75% crude glycerol, pyrolyzed at 800 °C and sulfonated), in a proportion of 1 wt%, achieved the highest fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) yield (99%) in the transesterification reaction, even surpassing the performance of the CH3NaO (yield of 93%).

Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on Waste Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Sulaiman ◽  
Siti Rohana
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
Homogenous Catalyst

This paper studies the effect of calcination time and temperature of mixed waste catalyst for optimization of FAME yield. Fish bone and mixture of coconut waste and eggshells were used to catalyzed the transesterification process. The parameter was tested on different calcination condition and the result shows that the optimum condition was achieved at condition 800 °C, 2 hours was 80.3 wt% of FAME yield for mixed coconut waste and eggshells and 85 wt% were obtained at 900 °C for fish bone catalyst at 225 rpm, 12:1 methanol to oil ratio and amount of catalyst, 3wt%. It can be concluded that waste heterogeneous catalyst exhibits as a cheaper substitute to the homogenous catalyst.

The Use of Super Base CaO from Eggshells as a Catalyst in the Process of Biodiesel Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 150-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoel Pasae ◽  
Lyse Bulo ◽  
Karel Tikupadang ◽  
Titus Tandi Seno
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Biodiesel Quality

The use of heterogeneous catalysts in the biodiesel production process provides advantages because it is easier in the catalyst separation process. One type of heterogeneous catalyst that can be used is CaO. The raw materials for CaO are abundant in nature and can be obtained from various sources including agricultural waste such as eggshells. The alkalinity level of CaO can be increased to super baser CaO through the activation process of CaO by using an ammonium carbonate solution. Super base CaO which is used as a catalyst for transesterification reaction in the production of biodiesel made from palm oil. This research was carried out by varying the reaction time starting from 1, 2 and 3 hours. The highest yield was obtained at 3 hours reaction time of 93.92%. The results of the analysis of the physical properties of biodiesel obtained density in the range 853-854 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 3.24-3.26 mm2/s (cSt), saponification number 193-201 mg-KOH/g biodiesel and acid number 0.3-0.7 mg-KOH/g. These characteristics meet the biodiesel quality standards based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 04-7182-2015. Thus the use of super base CaO from eggshells can be used as a catalyst in the process of biodiesel production.

Optimization of the biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using homogeneous catalyst and heterogeneous catalysts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vaishnavi Sree ◽  
Boddu Akhil Chowdary ◽  
Kottu Santosh Kumar ◽  
Mohana Preethi Anbazhagan ◽  
Sindhu Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil

scholarly journals UTILIZATION BAYAH BANTEN ZEOLITE AS A CATALYST AND BACTERIA AS A PRETREATMENT FOR BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
F. Fitriyah ◽  
Frebhika Sri Puji Pangesti
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Research Show

ABSTRAK Pemanfaatan zeolit alam Bayah Banten sebagai katalis homogen dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai alternatif penggunaan katalis sintetik. Selain itu bakteri Rhizopus sp. digunakan sebagai pretreatment biokatalis dalam pemanfaatan minyak jelantah untuk pembuatan biodiesel. Hal ini akan memberikan beberapa keuntungan, yaitu dapat mereduksi limbah minyak jelantah,  mengurangi biaya produksi pembuatan bahan bakar serta memanfaatkan kekayaan alam terutama yang terdapat di Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari metode pembuatan biodiesel dari minyak jelantah menggunakan katalis zeolit alam Bayah dan biokatalis bakteri  Rhizopus sp serta uji kualitatif dan kuantitatif standar biodiesel. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah reaksi esterifikasi/transesterifikasi minyak dengan alkohol rantai pendek melalui bantuan katalis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan minyak jelantah yang sudah diolah menjadi  biodiesel, yaitu viskositas (pada suhu  40°C) sebesar 0,862 g/ml dan 29,7, kadar air 0,05 % , titiknyala 120°C, titiktuang 18°C, bilangan asam 0,49 mg KOH/g, angka setana 55, belerang 0,11 mg/kg, fosfor 1,7 mg/kg, waktu bakar 43 detik, residu 1,8 % , sisa pembakaran 9,6% telah memenuhi standar biodiesel SNI-04-7182-201 Kata Kunci : biodiesel, zeolite bayah, minyak jelantah   ABSTRACT Utilization of Banten Bayah natural zeolite as a homogeneous catalyst in making biodiesel is an alternative to the use of synthetic catalysts. In addition, the bacteria Rhizopus sp., was used as a biocatalyst in waste cooking oil for the manufacture of biodiesel. This will provide several advantages, reduces waste cooking oil, reduce cost biodiesel production and utilize natural resources, especially those found in Banten Province. This study aims to study the method of making biodiesel from waste cooking oil using natural Bayah zeolite catalyst and Rhizopus sp bacterial as biocatalyst as the quantitative and quantitative standard tests of biodiesel. The methods in this study is the esterification / transesterification reaction of oil with short chain alcohols through of a catalyst. The results of this research show that waste cooking oil has been processed into biodiesel that is density and viscosity parameters (at 40°C ) is 0.862 g/mL and 29.7, 0.05% moisture content 120 ° C point, 18 ° C point, acid number is 0.49 mg KOH / g, setana number 55, sulfur content 0.11 mg / kg, phosphorus content 1.7 mg / kg, burn time 43 seconds, residue 1.8%, residual combustion 9.6% it has fulfilled the biodiesel standard SNI-04-7182-2012. Keyword : biodiesel, zeolite bayah, bacteria, cooking oil

Biodiesel production by transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol using SBA-15 and Al-SBA-15 catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina C. Marinho ◽  
Erivaldo G. Lima ◽  
Tellys Lins A. Barbosa ◽  
Meiry G. F. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Characterization Study

Background: Increasing environmental pollution generated by fossil fuel consumption has intensified the consumption and development of renewable fuels. Objective: Thus, the aim of this work was to investigate the use of heterogeneous catalysts (SBA-15 and Al-SBA-15) for the transesterification of soybean oil to produce biodiesel. Methods: The pore size and surface acidity of SBA-15 were modified by the addition of heterogeneous Al atoms. Samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Nitrogen adsorption, Scanning electron microscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetry. Results: Results of the characterization study evidenced that a large amount of mesopore and surface acidity can significantly improve the transesterification reaction with the incorporation of aluminum into the SBA-15 framework. The best results were obtained with a 24 h reaction time and Al-SBA-15. The transesterification reaction of soybean oil with ethanol during 24 h showed in this work presented an efficient conversion of 85.5% with SBA-15 catalyst and 96.5% with the Al-SBA-15 catalyst.

Mesoporous Silicas as Basic Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Formation of Biodiesel

2018 ◽  
pp. 119-155
Author(s):  
Dilson Cardoso ◽  
Laura Lorena da Silva ◽  
Iago W. Zapelini
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Model Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mesoporous Silicas ◽  
Organic Cations ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Basic Properties

The principal aspects of the production of biodiesel using heterogeneous catalysis are presented, comparing this alternative process to conventional (homogeneous) processes and evaluating the main operational parameters. The most important techniques for the preparation and characterization of silicas with basic properties are mentioned, dividing these materials into two groups with distinct properties: as-synthesized silicas, especially the M41S family, with their pores occluded with organic cations, and functionalized silicas, with accessible pores. The catalytic properties of these silicas were evaluated in transesterifications using a model reaction and vegetable oil. Finally, a brief presentation is made of other solid catalysts with basic properties that can be used in the biodiesel production reaction.

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Catalyst Surface Area of Ca Supported TiO2 by Sol-Gel Method for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Yahida Yahya ◽  
Norzita Ngadi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Bet Model ◽  
Percentage Yield

Currently, the major concern in production of biodiesel is to find a new catalyst which can produce high quality of biodiesel at lower costs. In this study, titania supported CaO catalyst was prepared by a so-gel method. The characterization of catalyst was done using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) model method to characterize the surface area of the catalyst. Further, the ability of the catalyst for transterification reaction of waste cooking oil (WCO) with methanol was also assessed. The effect of calcination temperature on the catalyst to the transesterification reaction was examined to investigate the relation between catalyst calcination temperature and percentage yield (% yield) of biodiesel production.

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