Effect of Calcination Temperature and Time on Waste Heterogeneous Catalysts for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 707 ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Sulaiman ◽  
Siti Rohana
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Calcination Time ◽  
Mixed Waste ◽  
Homogenous Catalyst

This paper studies the effect of calcination time and temperature of mixed waste catalyst for optimization of FAME yield. Fish bone and mixture of coconut waste and eggshells were used to catalyzed the transesterification process. The parameter was tested on different calcination condition and the result shows that the optimum condition was achieved at condition 800 °C, 2 hours was 80.3 wt% of FAME yield for mixed coconut waste and eggshells and 85 wt% were obtained at 900 °C for fish bone catalyst at 225 rpm, 12:1 methanol to oil ratio and amount of catalyst, 3wt%. It can be concluded that waste heterogeneous catalyst exhibits as a cheaper substitute to the homogenous catalyst.

scholarly journals Development of CaO/PVA Catalyst from Fish Bone for Biodiesel Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarina Sulaiman ◽  
Nor Fatin Abdul Jamaludin ◽  
Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Fish Bone ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Calcination Process ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Chemical Reaction Engineering

In this study, calcium oxide were synthesized from fish bone waste and the optimum condition : catalyst amount, temperature and methanol to oil ratio (molar) for biodiesel production were studied. The calcium oxide (CaO) derived from fish bone wastes was then supported on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to easily separate the catalyst and biodiesel. Fish bone were dried in oven at 70 oC for 24 hr before calcination process at 900 oC for 4 hours. The biodiesel yield was studied by varying three parameters, namely methanol to oil ratio (molar) (6:1 - 20:1), amount of catalyst (1-10 wt%) and temperature (55-65 oC). The highest yield obtained from this study was at 80.40 % with catalyst amount of 10 wt%, methanol to oil ratio (molar) of 20:1 and temperature of 65  oC. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 20th January 2018; Revised: 28th September 2018; Accepted: 30th September 2018; Available online: 25th January 2019; Published regularly: April 2019How to Cite: Sulaiman, S., Jamaludin, N.F.A., Kabbashi, N.A. (2019). Development of CaO/PVA Catalyst from Fish Bone for Biodiesel Production. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 14 (1): 153-157 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.14.1.3327.153-157)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.14.1.3327.153-157 

Synthesis and Characterization of Different Transition Metal-Alginate Based Heterogeneous Catalyst for Esterification Reaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 709 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Fei Ling Pua ◽  
Kah Thong Looi ◽  
Shamala Gowri Krishnan ◽  
Sharifah Nabihah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst

In recent years, attention has been drawn to produce heterogeneous catalyst to replace homogeneous catalyst in biodiesel industry. This study was focused on the synthesis of three different types of alginate based heterogeneous catalyst (Ferric-alginate, Copper-alginate, and Nickel alginate) and the effect of the catalyst on esterification of oleic acid. Morphology and elemental analysis was conducted to investigate the properties of the catalyst. The new heterogeneous catalysts were used to catalyze the esterification of oleic acid at reaction temperature of 60°C and 2 hours reaction time. Fe-alginate has achieved the highest free fatty acids (FFAs) conversation rate of 82.03%. The results and findings proved that transition metal-alginate heterogeneous catalyst has the potential and ability to esterify the free fatty acids prior biodiesel production from high free fatty acids feedstock.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Heterogeneous Catalysts NaOH/CaO/C From Eggshells for Biodiesel Production Using Off-Grade Palm Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Karfika Ainil Hawa ◽  
Zuchra Helwani ◽  
Amun Amri
Keyword(s):  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heterogeneous Base Catalyst

A heterogeneous catalyst, such as Calcium Oxide (CaO), is widely used in biodiesel production due to its various advantages over homogeneous ones. The optimum condition for synthesizing this catalyst is determined by calcination temperature and mass ratio. As a result, a modification is required to increase its performance in improving the biodiesel yield. In this study, eggshell waste was modified by calcination, hydration, and dehydration methods integrated with activated carbon and NaOH. It is used as a heterogeneous base catalyst for off-grade palm oil transesterification reactions. The results shows the catalyst with the highest activity is obtained at calcination temperature of 800°c and mass ratio of 7 to 3. This is achieved with transesterification reaction conditions, which include a mole ratio of methanol/oil 6 to 1, catalyst concentration of 6%-b oil, and temperature 70°c for 3 hours, yielding 79.08% of the biodiesel. Additionally, CaO, Na2CO3, and Ca (OH) 2 materials were found in the catalyst with a catalyst alkalinity value of H greater than 9.3 through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Several methyl esters, such as palmitate and oleate were also found in biodiesel through Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Anadara Granosa Shells and CaCO3 as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hadiyanto Hadiyanto ◽  
Sri Puji Lestari ◽  
Widayat Widayat
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Engineering ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Heterogenous Catalyst ◽  
Homogenous Catalyst ◽  
Anadara Granosa

<p>Nowadays, the use of homogenous catalyst has been gradually reduced for its operational reason. The homogenous catalyst leads in difficulty of separation after the process completed and the life cycle is shorter. Therefore, most of researches are introducing heterogenous catalyst for its substitution. This research was aimed to evaluate the use of shell of Anadara granosa and CaCO3 as source of CaO based catalyst through impregnation method. The preparation of the catalyst was started by decomposition of shells and CaCO3 at temperature of 800 oC for 3 hours, followed by impregnation at 70 oC for 4 hours and then calcined at 800 oC for 2 hours. The CaCO3 based catalyst gained high yield of biodiesel (94%) as compared to Anadara granoasa based catalyst (92%). The reusability study showed that these catalysts could be used until three times recycle with 40-60% yield of biodiesel. The CaO contents of catalyst decreased up to 90% after three times recycles. Copyright © 2016 BCREC GROUP. All rights reserved</p><p><em>Received: 10<sup>th</sup> November 2015; Revised: 6<sup>th</sup> January 2016; Accepted: 6<sup>th</sup> January 2016</em></p><p><strong>How to Cite:</strong> Hadiyanto, H., Lestari, S.P., Widayat, W. (2016). Preparation and Characterization of Anadara Granosa Shells and CaCO3 as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production. <em>Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering &amp; Catalysis</em>, 11 (1): 21-26. (doi:10.9767/bcrec.11.1.402.21-26)</p><p><strong>Permalink/DOI</strong>: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.402.21-26">http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.11.1.402.21-26</a></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals TiO2 Nanoparticles As Heterogeneous Catalyst For WCO Biodiesel Production: Engine Parameters Optimization and Prediction of Biodiesel/Diesel/Cadmium (II) Coordination Polymer Blends Fuel By Using Response Surface Methodology

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Medhat Elkelawy ◽  
Safaa El-din H. Etaiw ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Radwan ◽  
Hitesh Panchal ◽  
Hagar Alm-Eldin Bastawissi
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymer ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Parameters Optimization ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions

Abstract Nowadays, combustion technologies decarbonization, reduction of harmful emission, and improving thermal efficiency have gained more attention by using clean, sustainable, alternative, and reliable biofuels coupled with using nano particles technologies. Nano heterogeneous catalysts are new promising technologies for converting triglycerides (oil, fats,..etc) into biodiesel, which characterized with saving in the total cost of production. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano heterogeneous catalyst used to convert triglyceride represented in waste cooking oil (WCO) into FAME as bio-diesel, where bio-diesel yield fitted the ASTM. In the present research, the results show 95% as a maximum yield at optimum process conditions of 0.01 Wt.% TiO2 loading, 0.3 Wt.% NaoH, reaction temperature (60 ºC), reaction time (60 min), 10:1 methanol to oil volumetric percentage. Effect of mixing different percentage (35, and 70 ppm) of {[Cd (EIN)2(SCN)2]}, SCP 1, Cadmium (II coordination polymer as nanoparticle enhancer, with diesel fuel/biodiesel (60:40 v/v%) (D60B40) on the behavior of one-cylinder direct-injection diesel (DI) engine parameters were examined experimentally and analytically through RSM methodologies. The engine operating variables have been optimized by using CCD method to achieve an optimal BTE. Engine load and nano particles quantity were considered as process input variables to optimize BTE, UHC, and NOx emissions as engine responses. The quadratic regression models were significant and adequate statistically as indicated by the Analysis of variance (ANOVA). The obtained results from (RSM) optimizer indicated that BTE, NOx, and UHC have optimum values of 16.2605%, 544.9157 ppm, and 117.6023 ppm respectively, at 70 ppm of SCP 1 nanoparticles and 2.1919 Kw of break power as optimal predicted values. A validation examination was carried out and the percent of error was within the limit of 5%. BTE, UHC, and NOx have an error percentage of 2.05%, 1.03%, and 1.63%, respectively.

Effect of TiO2 Mixed CaO Catalyst in Palm Oil Transesterification

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Mardhiah Mohamad ◽  
Norzita Ngadi
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Catalyst Amount ◽  
Tio2 Catalyst ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Percentage Conversion

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel. In this study, production of biodiesel from cooking oil (CO) was carried out via transesterification method. Heterogeneous catalyst, calcium oxide-titanium dioxide (CaO-TiO2) was selected as the best catalyst. The effects of CaO-TiO2 catalyst on catalyst amount and calcination temperature of catalyst towards the percentage conversion of oil to biodiesel were investigated. The catalysts were analyzed using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) test method. The results obtained showed that 76.67 % of oil was successfully converted into biodiesel using 800°C calcined CaO-TiO2 catalyst. This indicates that the CaO-TiO2 has potential as a future heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production. Catalyst dosage of 0.5 w/w% with molar ratio oil to methanol is 3:5, stirring speed of 250 rpm and temperature of 65°C in 1 hour reaction time are the best condition for the conversion of oil to biodiesel. It was found out that, calcination temperature of catalyst and catalyst amount gave significant effect on the conversion of oil.

scholarly journals A Review on Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst in the Production of Biodiesel from Vegetable Oils

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Yusuff ◽  
O.D. Adeniyi ◽  
M.A. Olutoye ◽  
U.G. Akpan
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Catalytic Materials ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions

Biodiesel has been considered as one of the interesting alternative and environmentally benign fuels. The development of environmental friendly heterogeneous catalyst for the esterification/transesterification process seems to be promising route and the reason why it is more preferred to conventional homogeneous and enzymatic catalyzed reactions is discussed. However, investigation on heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production is extensively carried out based on previous research studies. In order to reduce cost of biodiesel production, evaluation and characterization of heterogeneous catalytic materials before and after its preparation provide facts on the process that have significant impact on the desired activity and selectivity properties. This review study provides a comprehensive overview of common process techniques usually employ in producing biodiesel. Different materials that serve as sources of heterogeneous catalysts to transesterify oils or fats for production of biodiesel with emphasis on selection criteria of solid catalytic materials are also highlighted. The potential heterogeneous catalyst that could be derived from anthill, various methods of preparing solid catalysts, as well as reusability and leaching analysis are discussed in details

scholarly journals Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Abu Kulit Alpukat sebagai Katalis Proses Transesterifikasi Minyak Goreng Bekas menjadi Biodiesel

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azif Afandi ◽  
Lindia Riani ◽  
Yanna Syamsuddin ◽  
Zuhra Zuhra
Keyword(s):  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Waste Biomass

Biodiesel is synthesized through a transesterification reaction with the help of a catalyst and generally uses a homogeneous catalyst. Heterogeneous catalysts can be synthesized from waste biomass such as avocado peel through a calcination. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of variations in calcination temperature (550, 650, and 750oC) on the performance of the catalyst for biodiesel production and to analyze the effect of differences in the amount of catalyst (4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight of oil) used in the transesterification process on biodiesel yield. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDX, and FTIR. The results of the characterization of the catalyst showed that the dominant active phase of the catalyst was potassium (K). The highest biodiesel yield was obtained when using avocado peel ash as a catalyst which was calcined at a temperature of 650oC and using 6% catalyst by weight of oil. In the transesterification reaction the composition of the biodiesel product was analyzed using GC-MS and resulted that the palmitic acid was the most abundant composition in biodiesel. The biodiesel products produced were characterized for its density, viscosity, and acid number and have met the standard of SNI 7182:2015.

Continuous flow reactive distillation process for biodiesel production using waste egg shells as heterogeneous catalysts

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (96) ◽  
pp. 54109-54114 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Niju ◽  
K. M. Meera S. Begum ◽  
N. Anantharaman
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Reactive Distillation ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Distillation Process ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Egg Shells

A laboratory scale continuous flow jacketed reactive distillation (RD) unit was developed to evaluate the performance of calcium oxide (CaO) derived from egg shells as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of waste frying oil.

The Synthesis and Application of Functionalized Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 as Heterogeneous Catalyst in Organic Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghodsi Mohammadi Ziarani ◽  
Shima Roshankar ◽  
Fatemeh Mohajer ◽  
Alireza Badiei
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Lewis Acid ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Functionalized Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanomaterials ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Target Molecules

Abstract:: Mesoporous silica nanomaterials provide an extraordinary advantage for making new and superior heterogeneous catalysts because of their surface silanol groups. The functionalized mesoporous SBA-15, such as acidic, basic, BrÖnsted, lewis acid, and chiral catalysts, are used for a wide range of organic synthesis. The importance of the chiral ligands, which were immobilized on the SBA-15, was mentioned in this review to achieve chiral products as valuable target molecules. Herein, their synthesis and application in different organic transformations are reviewed from 2016 till date 2020.

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