scholarly journals THEOLOGICAL DEBATES ON ASH‘ARIYYA TENETS

ALQALAM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Entol Zaenal Muttaqin
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
General Explanation

There are some differences in defining Islamic theology since the era of prophet Muhammad. Some of them emerged from political aspects, and some of them are not. The two prominent ideologies in Islamic theology are Ash’ariyya derived from Sunni, and Mu’tazilla from Syi’a. One of significant scholars in 19 century, Nawawi al-bantani, wrote many books in wide Islamic studies, one of them is Fath al-Magid in theology. Many scholars wrote and designated themselves to a particular group. In contrary, although Nawawi al-Bantani confessed himself as Sunni scholar, yet in some of his writing including Fath al-Magid, he opposed Ash’ariyya and defended Mu’tazila. To some extent, this manner will come up into a unique scholarship tradition for some scholars, indeed, this research aimed to investigate this behavior in final words this paper concluded that Nawawi distanced himself from Ash’ari when he stated that God’s essence and His attributes are inseparable and thereby preserve the oneness of God. He adopted both Ash’ari’s concept, that the Qur’an is not created (ghayr makhluq and it is qadim) and Mu’tazila’s concept, that the Qur’an is created (makhluq and it is hadith). According to Nawawi, the Qur’an is created when it refers to the text and the sound, but uncreated when it refers to the underlying meaning of each verse, even if this contradicts the concept of free will that Nawawi adopted. For his last explanation, pertaining to the concept of prophecy, ru’ya and shafa’a, Nawawi provided a very general explanation, neglecting to elaborate on some important issues relating to the concept of prophecy. it is obvious that Fath al-Magid, with its different interpretation of Ash’ari’s work, meant it was similar to other Sunni theological works that aimed to modify Ash’ari’s original doctrine.

scholarly journals An Examination of al Imam al Alusi’s Contributions to Selected Theological Issues in His Tafsir

FIKRAH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Saheed Badmus Suraju
Keyword(s):  
Basic Principles ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Magnum Opus ◽  
Theological Differences ◽  
Share Information

<p><span lang="EN-US">Theology as a branch of </span><span lang="IN">knowledge </span><span lang="EN-US">in Islamic studies</span><span lang="IN">,</span><span lang="IN">it’</span><span lang="EN-US">s still a debate among Muslims</span><span lang="IN">.</span><span lang="IN">E</span><span lang="EN-US">specially in contemporary times. This article provides a resume of al-Imam al-Alusi's contribution, as commentator, to the theological discussions in his Magnum Opus: Ruhul-Maani. To achieve this, this paper examines his views on several theological issues selected in his attempt to interpret the verses of the Qur'an with the main aim of discovering the quality and suitability of his arguments and their conformity with the basic principles and sources of Islam. This paper aims to share information about its stance and provide clarification if needed. The findings reveal that al-Imam al-Alusi's theological discussion includes the views of the major Islamic sects; Sunnis, Shi'ites, Mu'tazilites, Ash'arites, among others and brought their own opinions. It is also established that theological differences arise from philosophical thought in defense of individual sects. It was also revealed that the divergence did not affect the fundamentals of Islamic theology.</span></p>

scholarly journals AKTUALISASI FALSAFAH KALAM DALAM KONTEKS KEKINIAN

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kholil
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
Good Deeds

<p>Islamic theology, as one cluster of Islamic knowledge is a product of thought in certain cultural social environment. Therefore, everything related to it is no longer appropriate today. The knowledge gives so it can solve life's problems that start to threaten human existence, practice, good deeds, a substantive meaning to the religious doctrine and social harmony. The knowledge such as Islamic knowledge, philosophy, and theology must have been oriented to humanity problems. They are already completed with natural phenomena, social and cultures which have been always develop. We hope that Islamic studies won't miss actuality which has been released from humanity dimensions.</p>

scholarly journals TANTANGAN PENGEMBANGAN ILMU-ILMU USHULUDDIN MENYONSONG PERUBAHAN IAIN AR-RANIRY MENJADI UIN

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Academic Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Theology Faculty

<p>Theology faculty as the vessel of developing basic Islamic studies that has an important position among the other faculties. The experience of changing institution to be university shown that theology faculty “desert” of applicants. Therefore, readiness and progress of Islamic Theology faculty under the State Islamic University (UIN) of course determine the future history of Islamic Theology.This struggle would be faced with all the seriousness of the academic community. Establishing the Faculty of Islamic Theology in the new form to be a demand. On the other hand, the academic communities of Islamic Theology Faculty are required to initiate a new paradigm in the world of work.</p>

Islamic Law and Theology

2015 ◽  
pp. 104-132
Author(s):  
Rumee Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The Relationship

Whereas Islamic law and Islamic theology are usually discussed separately, this article examines the relationship between the two in Islamic Studies scholarship. After defining the terms “law” and “theology,” this article offers three historiographical approaches to the subject, namely: “Orientalist,” “Revisionist,” and “Pragmatist”, each reflecting assumptions about the function of Islamic law in Muslim communities. Orientalists are skeptical of Islamic religious texts, and argue that Islamic law and theology are unconnected, static sciences that have little to offer modern Muslims. Revisionists re-read Islamic sources to suggest that Islamic law was once a theological enterprise that devolved into legalism, but that it can be revived by returning to theology. Pragmatists, using subaltern and feminist lenses, argue that Islamic law and theology are interconnected and evolving sciences that perpetually animate Muslim discourse. The article concludes by discussing the political import of this topic, and suggesting avenues for further research.

scholarly journals The Closing of the Muslim Mind

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-127
Author(s):  
Frank Griffel
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Harsh Criticism ◽  
Academic Study

This book looks like a serious academic study in Islamic theology. Itis divided into nine chapters that build on an overall argument andhas a great number of endnotes, quoting Muslim sources and literaturepro-duced in the field of Islamic studies. The book’s author workswith-in Washington’s circle of government institutions and thinktanks. His book comes with a foreword and no fewer than tenendorsements by colleagues of Reilly, which praise his erudition,insight, and abil-ity to analyze and explain the Muslim mind. Iwonder whether they were all aware that the book they endorsed is, in fact, a Catholic refutationof Ashʿarite Muslim theology, the leading branch of Sunni theology.However, Reilly exempts Shiite theology from his harsh criticism ...

scholarly journals A Scholarly Analysis of Adl’ilahi - the Divine Justice- in the Light of the Opinions of Muslim Theologians

2018 ◽  
Vol I (II) ◽  
pp. 01-14
Author(s):  
Dr. Sayyed Hasan Askari Naqvi ◽  
Dr. Shazia Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Good Deed ◽  
Divine Justice ◽  
The Difference

This essay discusses the topic of Justice of God (‘Adl’ilahi) with reference to the issue of free will and predestination and the position of the various schools of Islamic theology regarding it. The opinion of the Mu’tazili, who believed in complete free will of man, stood opposed to that of the Asha’ira who considered the actions of men to be predetermined by Divine ordainment. The Imamia’h, on the other hand, believed in a position between these two extremes.The study further discusses the difference amongst the theologians in identifying goodness of a good deed with itself, and the evil of an evil act as inherent within it. This was the position of the Mu’tazila and the Imamia’h whereas the Asha’ira believed that it was the shari’ah that granted the goodness or evilness to any act.Finally, the apparent contradiction between the Justice of God and the presence of evil in this world is addressed and reconciled. Keywords: ‘Adl’ilahi, Mu'tazila, Asha’ira, Jafar Sadiq, Qur’an

scholarly journals Islamic Studies and Teaching Islam Studying and teaching Islam in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Methods and approaches (In Persian)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-441
Author(s):  
Ali Asgari Yazdi
Keyword(s):  
Practical Experience ◽  
University Education ◽  
State University ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The University ◽  
Moscow State University

The article reflects the results of the international meeting “Theology and Islamic Studies in Russia and Iran: history, methods, educational  approach.” The meeting took place in the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian academy on the 8th of May 2018. The Meeting Committee received a substantial grant from the Culture Section of the Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Russia. At the meeting took part over 20 scholars from various research and educational bodies of the Russian Federation and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Among them were scholars from the University of Teheran, the al-Mustafa International University, Moscow State University, St Petersburg State University, Bashkortostan State University in Ufa, the Daghestan Institute of Hunmanities, The Moscow State University of Foreign Languages, the Pyatigorsk State University, and the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration. In the article Prof. Yazdi outlines the recent trends in teaching Islamic theology and Islamic studies in the University of Teheran. The outstanding results gained by the scholars of this University in the field of Islamic education has attracted a vivid interest of their Russian colleagues. The teaching of Islam in the Islamic Republic of Iran runs in the four main directions:1. Teaching of Islam in the traditional framework combined with rational sciences and philosophy.2. Islamic studies and Islamic theology as a separate teaching module in the leading Universities of Iran.3. Islamic studies are combined with teaching of exact sciences as in the Imam Sadiq University (Tehran), the Motahhari University (Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province) and the Imam Reza University (Mashhad, Razavi Khorasan Province).4. Islamic studies constitute an integral part of University education in Iran.The teaching of Islam in the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on the Islamic tradition, philosophy and rational sciences. Therefore, the theology is considered as one of the aspects of the rational teaching. This is the basis of the Iranian moderate Islam. The author shares his practical experience of teaching Islam and Islamic sciences of many years.

scholarly journals Issues in Methodology of Islamic Thought

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-372
Author(s):  
IIIT - Cairo Office
Keyword(s):  
September 11 ◽  
Scientific Methodology ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Municipal Council ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The University

During the period from Safar 9-12, 1410 H. / September 11-14,1989 A.D.,a seminar on the "Issues in Methodology of Islamic Thought" was held atAmir AM al Qadir University of Islamic Studies (Qusantinah, Algeria). Theseminar was organized by the university in conjunction with the InternationalInstitute of Islamic Thought (Washington, D.C.). A group of professors andstudents of both sexes from Amir Abd al Qadir University, as well as fromthe Central University, participated in the seminar activities. The openingsession was attended by representatives from Qusantinah Province, the NationalLiberation Front, the Municipal Council, and the Religious Committee.Speeches were delivered by Dr. 'Ammar al Talibi, the University Presidentand Chairman of the seminar; Dr. Gamal El-Din Attia, Academic Advisorof the International Institute of Islamic Thought and convenor of theseminar; and by Dr. Muhammad 'AM al Hadi Abu Ridah representing theguests of the seminar.The seminar included seven panels where twenty-one research papers,prepared for the seminar, were presented and discussed. These research paperscovered the following topics:1- Inference Methodology in the Qur'an: A Response to the Opponentsof Faith, by Dr. Ahmad 'Atwah.2- The Elements of Scientific Methodology in the Qur'an andal Sunnah, by Dr. Ghawi 'Inayah.3 - Muslim Methodology in Islamic Theology, by Dr. FawqiyahHusayn.4 - The Methodology of Ideology in the Light of ContemporaryScientific Advances, by Dr. Muhammad Abd al Sattar Nassar.5- An Overview of the Methodology of Recording History, byDr. 'Abd al Halim 'Uways.6- The Methodology of the Principles of Jurisprudence, by Dr.Abd al Hamid Madkur.7- The Crises of Methodology in Modem Ideological Studies,by Dr. Muhammad Kamal al Din Imam.8- The Scientific Methodology and Spirit of Ibn Khaldun andIts Relation to Islam, by Dr. 'Imad al Din Khalil ...

scholarly journals Introduction to Special Issue on “Exploring New Assemblages of Islamic Expert Education in Western Europe”

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Mieke Groeninck ◽  
Welmoet Boender
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Academic Careers ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Problem Space ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Point Of Departure

What constitutes ‘relevant’ and ‘apt’ Islamic knowledge and expert education of future Islamic authorities in Western Europe? This central point of departure of this Special Issue is a burdened question in the current public and political debate in Western Europe. In the last decades, higher education on Islam in Europe has predominantly taken place in two domains: in the publicly funded university context as Islamic Studies, and in the privately funded context of mosques, madrasa’s and teaching institutes, often with strong links to Muslim countries of origin. In recent years, however, different answers have been formulated to this question; alternative initiatives have been taken—or are in the making—to train Islamic experts who are preparing for professional and academic careers in Europe. Publicly funded universities have started to organize imam training or Islamic theology programs, notably in Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands and the Scandinavian countries. Furthermore, private confessional Muslim institutes are now recruiting lecturers who also graduated from Western Islamic Studies university programs. This Special Issue focuses both theoretically and empirically on these new aspirations, initiatives, debates and practices of those various actors who navigate between and beyond. To understand these developments, we need a theoretical framework that is able to deconstruct the power related epistemological narratives constituting these dichotomies. Therefore, we will use this introductory editorial article to elaborate on how these spaces/places of departure are not absolute or analytically stable, but per definition uncertain, blurry and constantly ‘in the making’, constituted by what David Scott has called ‘a problem-space’. Moreover, in addition to thinking only in terms of ‘interstices’ in order to overcome these dichotomies by way of ‘bonding or bridging’, but which often seems to presume an essential character to both ends, we suggest to consider these alternative initiatives in terms of ‘assemblages’.

Cognitive Science of Religion and the Study of Islam: Rethinking Islamic Theology, Law, Education, and Mysticism Using the Works of al-Ghazālī

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aria Nakissa
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Cognitive Science Of Religion ◽  
Islamic Theology ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Science Of Religion ◽  
The Universe

Abstract Specialists in Islamic studies have taken virtually no interest in the influential and rapidly developing field of Cognitive Science of Religion (CSR). The present article seeks to address this problem by considering how insights from CSR can be systematically applied to reconceptualize Islamic theology, law, education, and mysticism. The article centers on what is probably CSR’s most influential and well-established idea; namely, that religion is closely linked to an evolved “mindreading” ability (i.e., a “Theory of Mind Module”). It is argued that Islamic theology employs mindreading focused on events and objects in the universe, Islamic law and education employ mindreading focused on scriptural texts and embodied practices, and Islamic mysticism employs mindreading focused on psychological experiences. The article develops these ideas through an analysis of the Arabic-language writings of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ghazālī, the famous medieval Islamic theologian, jurist, and mystic.

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