scholarly journals The risk groups of infection with hepatitis С virus in conditionally healthy population of the Belgorod oblast

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhailov M. I. ◽  
◽  
Jherebtzova N. Yu. ◽  
Schibrik E. V. ◽  
Piven V. I. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Groups ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Belgorod Oblast

scholarly journals Sustainable post Covid19 lockdown strategy through evidence-based policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Boretti
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Full Compliance ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Risk Categories

The Covid19 epidemic is having much larger fatalities in western Europe than everywhere else in the world. However, the greater peak daily fatalities have been 10 to 20 times less than the models’ predictions and similarly occurred after half the time predicted by the models. Similar patterns of the outbreak have been achieved regardless of diversity in the containment measures. Thanks to a strict, generalized, lockdown, the United Kingdom, or Belgium, had after about the same number of days, much larger peak daily fatalities per million that countries adopting more sustainable approaches such as the Netherlands or Sweden. In the Netherlands, social distancing is suggested but not forced through an “intelligent lockdown”.  In Sweden, there is simply no lockdown.  It is now evident that Covid19 is much less contagious and lethal than what was thought, and if care is taken of the risk categories, but basic freedom is not removed restricting every movement of the healthy population damaging democracy and economy, it is possible to achieve better results. With fatalities uniformly declining across Europe, it is therefore advocated to return the sooner the better as before the lockdown period, with full compliance with preventive health instructions and social divergence, and care to protect the highest-risk groups from infection, especially for the elderly and those with chronic and respiratory diseases.

A serosurvey reveals Bosnia and Herzegovina as a Europe's hotspot in hantavirus seroprevalence

2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. HUKIC ◽  
J. NIKOLIC ◽  
A. VALJEVAC ◽  
M. SEREMET ◽  
G. TESIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Central European ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Sera Samples

SUMMARYThe extent of hantavirus seroprevalence in the healthy population from Bosnia and Herzegovina has not yet been investigated; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the hantavirus seroprevalence in the population from different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in different risk groups. The serosurvey included 1331 subjects from endemic and non-endemic regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. All sera samples were examined using IgG ELISA, and Western blot (Bunyavirus IgG) tests. Hantavirus seroprevalence was 7·4% in the endemic region and 2·4% in the non-endemic region (P<0·05). Former soldiers from the endemic region had significantly the highest seroprevalence (16·1%) compared to the general population from the endemic region (6·2%), the occupational risk group from the non-endemic region (5·6%) and the general population from the non-endemic region (0·8%) (P<0·01). No difference in hantavirus seroprevalence between gender or age groups was observed. Hantavirus seroprevalence in different populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina was found to be highest compared to other central European countries.

scholarly journals Prevalence of methicillin resistant and mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains among medical students of Medical University in Warsaw

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Ksenia Szymanek-Majchrzak ◽  
Jakub Kosiński ◽  
Katarzyna Żak ◽  
Katarzyna Sułek ◽  
Andrzej Młynarczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Medical University

INTRODUCTION. Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism, which is able to colonize the human body without any pathogenic effect, but it also can cause life-threatening infections (opportunistic pathogen). Asymptomatic colonization with both methicillin resistant (MRSA) and methicillin susceptible (MSSA) S.aureus strains state is an important predisposing factor for infections. The risk of infection for carriers of MSSA is even three-times higher than for non-colonized people, and in the case of MRSA it is even four-times higher than in MSSA carriers. Carriers can be also a source of infection for other people, especially those belonging to high-risk groups. The drug of choice used for the local eradication of S.aureus is mupirocin (Mup). In recent years, the failure of decolonization therapy has been observed. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the level of colonization of S.aureus (MRSA or MSSA) among medical students and to evaluate the sensitivity of the strains to mupirocin. For MRSA/MupRSA isolates the molecular mechanism of resistance phenotype was determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 955 swabs from 2014-2016 from pre-clinical students of medicine of the Medical University of Warsaw. The strains were identified using Pastorex-Staph-Plus (BioRad) and/or the VITEK-MS system (Biomerieux), according to manufacturer’s instructions. Susceptibility to methicillin and mupirocin was determined by disk diffusion and/or broth microdilution method, according to EUCAST. The presence of the mecA/mecC and mupA genes were detected with PCR technique. RESULTS. Asymptomatic colonization with S.aureus strains was found in 245/955 (25,7%) students, in particular years in the range of 21,7-29,9%. 243 isolates expressed the MSSA/MupSSA phenotype, one strain was resistant to mupirocin MSSA/MupRSA (genotype mecA/mecC-negative, mupA-positive) and one showed simultaneous resistance to methicillin and mupirocin (mecA/mupA-positive genotype). The level of MRSA and MupRSA colonization was 0,1% and 0,2%, respectively. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. The level of S.aureus colonization among surveyed students, didn’t differ from the norm for a generally healthy population, but showed an upward trend. The carriage of S.aureus, especially of multi-resistant strains among medical students at the beginning of their clinical activities, consist of a real threat to patients and other people.

scholarly journals Low Prevalence of Antibody to Hepatitis G Virus Among the Risk Groups and Healthy Population of Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Siddiqua ◽  
A A Nawsher ◽  
S Tabassum ◽  
M N Islam
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Hepatitis G Virus ◽  
Hepatitis G ◽  
Anti Hiv

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a RNA virus, which was identified in 1995-1996 as a transfusion transmissible virus and is associated with acute or chronic hepatitis. The sero-prevalence of hepatitis G virus was evaluated among various risk groups and healthy controls from Bangladesh.A total of 252 subjects comprising of Intra-venous drug users (n-40), commercial sex workers (n-30), multiply transfused patients (n-62), hemodialysis patients (n-30), anti HCV positive patients (n-30), anti HIV positive patients (n-30) and healthy population (n-30) were included in this study. Antibody to hepatitis G virus E-2 protein was detected in the serum by Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall antibody prevalence of HGV was 3.2%. The highest prevalence (10%) was observed among commercial sex workers, followed by intra-venous drug users (5%). The lowest prevalence (3.3%) was observed among each of the groups of hemodialysis patients, anti-HCV positive patients and anti-HIV positive patients. Anti-HGV antibody was not detected among any subjects from the control group. Epidemiologic data indicate that HGV is prevalent in risk groups though at very low prevalence.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v4i2.10822 

scholarly journals Serological Study of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Enterovirus D68 Among Healthy Population in Xiamen, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Cheng ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
Rui Zhu ◽  
Yuanyuan Wu ◽  
Longfa Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Xiamen City ◽  
Enterovirus D68

Abstract Background: Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections poses a serious public health threat, which caused outbreaks of severe respiratory illness and has been closely associated with "polio-like" central nervous system disease. The patterns of immune responses to EV-D68 have not been fully understood. This study was performed to investigate the level of neutralizing antibody against EV-D68 among the healthy population in Xiamen City.Methods: A total of 515 serum samples from healthy people were selected by stratified random sampling in Xiamen City in 2016, and the titer of neutralizing antibody against EV-D68 was detected by an efficient micro-neutralization assay.Results: The overall seroprevalence of neutralizing antibody against EV-D68 was 81.9%, and the overall geometric mean titers (GMT) was 248.0. The positive rates were 42.2%, 49.3%, 71.9%, 94.2% and 98.5%, respectively, in groups of <1, 1-3, 4-6, 7-19 and 20-39 years old, and were up to 100% in the 40-59 and ≥ 60 age groups. The GMTs in these seven groups were 1:39.8, 1:80.6, 1:133.2, 1:283.7, 1:253.3, 1:308.1 and 1:405.0, respectively. The seroprevalence and GMT of EV-D68 showed an increased trend with age, while gender and geographic area didn’t show significant impact.Conclusions: EV-D68 infection was prevalent in Xiamen City. Children are the high-risk groups for EV-D68-related illnesses, especially those aged ≤ 3 years. It is necessary to establish preventive measures and strengthened the surveillance on EV-D68 to prevent disease outbreaks.

Suicide in Nógrád County, Hungary, 1970-1994

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Zonda
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
Male Female Ratio

The author examined completed suicides occurring over a period of 25 years in a county of Hungary with a traditionally low (relatively speaking) suicide rate of 25.8. The rates are clearly higher in villages than in the towns. The male/female ratio was close to 4:1, among elderly though only 1.5:1. The high risk groups are the elderly, divorced, and widowed. Violent methods are chosen in 66.4% of the cases. The rates are particularly high in the period April-July. Prior communication of suicidal intention was revealed in 16.3% of all cases. Previous attempts had been undertaken by 17%, which in turn means that 83% of suicides were first attempts. In our material 10% the victims left suicide notes. Psychiatric disorders were present in 60.1% of the cases, and severe, multiple somatic illnesses (including malignomas) were present in 8.8%. The majority of the data resemble those found in the literature.

Being Drunk to Have Fun or to Forget Problems?

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kuntsche ◽  
Ronald Knibbe ◽  
Rutger Engels ◽  
Gerhard Gmel
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Drinking Motives ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cluster Analyses ◽  
High Concordance ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Risky Single Occasion Drinking

Prevention programs in adolescence are particularly effective if they target homogeneous risk groups of adolescents who share a combination of particular needs and problems. The present work aims to identify and classify risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD) adolescents according to their motivation to engage in drinking. An easy-to-use coding procedure was developed. It was validated by means of cluster analyses and structural equation modeling based on two randomly selected subsamples of a nationally representative sample of 2,449 12- to 18-year-old RSOD students in Switzerland. Results revealed that the coding procedure classified RSOD adolescents as either enhancement drinkers or coping drinkers. The high concordance (Sample A: κ = .88, Sample B: κ = .90) with the results of the cluster analyses demonstrated the convergent validity of the coding classification. The fact that enhancement drinkers in both subsamples were found to go out more frequently in the evenings and to have more satisfactory social relationships, as well as a higher proportion of drinking peers and a lower likelihood to drink at home than coping drinkers demonstrates the concurrent validity of the classification. To conclude, the coding procedure appears to be a valid, reliable, and easy-to-use tool that can help better adapt prevention activities to adolescent risky drinking motives.

The increase of job insecurity: Trajectories and risk groups in the US and Europe

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Korunka ◽  
Bettina Kubicek ◽  
Matea Paskvan ◽  
Roman Prem ◽  
Cornelia Gerdenitsch
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Us
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