scholarly journals PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENDETEKSIAN KANTONG KOSONG PADA 662-BT1 UNTUK MENGURANGI FREKUENSI BAG GAP PADA 672-PA1

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonki Prasetya ◽  
M.Nashirul Mahasin ◽  
Hendra Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Automation System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Timing Belt ◽  
Pattern Layer ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Is Design

ABSTRACTA Packhouse is one of the cement packing area commonly exist in a cement plant. There are 2 primary machines used in packing cement process, namelya packer machine and a palletizer. A palletizer is an equipment for organizing the cemet bag on the pallet. The cement are organized in twotypes of pattern layer either 3&2 or 2&3 pattern. An alignment belt is utilized in order to set the position of bag based of the pattern. Furthermore, the timing belt provides a function to ensure gap between cement more than 100mm. If the gap is not achieved, the palletizer will be switched off the automation system, and show the bag gap notification. In december, it was recorded 365 times of palletizer automation failure caused by bag gap alarm. Therefore, there are 22.995 product loses. Most of bag gap problem is caused by an empty bag. The position of the failed product (empty cement bag)stick with the cement product.To prevent the empty bag enters the palletizer system by evacuating it pass through the belt trap, an additional photocell sensor can be added. It has the function to detect lenght of cement bag and gives an input to controller (PLC). The PLC process the input based on the time interval detection.The sistem will active if the set point in its program is reached.Thetrigger sensor detects the failed product.Furthermore, 662-BT1 will reject the cement bag.The aim of this study is design the system to deccrease the frequency of system failure caused by failed cement bag that enters the palletizer system. This willhelp the system when the problem rises.Implementation of this system decreases the bag gap alarm caused by the empty bag. Thus, the performance of palletizer will increase.Key words :bag gap, PLC,overlap, belt trap.ABSTRAKPackhouse adalah area packing semen yang terdapat pada setiap pabrik semen. Terdapat dua alat utama yang digunakan dalam proses packing semen yaitu: Packer Machine dan Palletizer. Palletizer adalah alat yang digunakan untuk menata semen di atas pallet. Semen tersebut terdiri dari 2 pattern layer yaitu: pattern 3 2 dan pattern 2 3.Posisi semen diatur pada alignment belt, alignment belt mendapat umpan semen dari Timing Belt, timing belt berfungsi memastikan jarak antar semen yang diumpan tidak kurang dari 100 mm. Jika jarak antar semen tidak tercapai maka palletizer akan mematikan sistem otomatisasinya, dan akan menampilkan alarm bag gap. Pada bulan desember 365 kali kegagalan sistem otomatisasi palletizer disebabkan oleh alarm bag gap dan menyebabkan loses sejumlah 22.995 produk. Salah satu penyebab bag gap adalah adanya kantong semen kosong yang terevakuasi oleh packer machine dan terbaca oleh sensor pada palletizer yang berfungsi untuk mendeteksi jarak antar kantong semen. Posisi kantong semen kosong tersebut overlap dengan kantong semen.Pencegahan kantong kosong masuk kedalam sistem palletizer yaitu mengeluarkannya dari sistem transport melalui belt trap, dengan cara menambahkan sensor photocell dan program pada PLC. Sensor photocell berfungsi mendeteksi panjang semen dan memberi inputan pada PLC, PLC mengolah inputan berdasarkan lama waktu pendeteksian kantong semen, jika setpoint tercapai dan produk terdeteksi sensor trigger maka 662-BT1 akan bekerja untuk mengeluarkan produk dari transport. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah merancang sistem untuk mengurangi frekuensi kegagalan pada sistem yang sudah ada akibat adanya kantong semen kosong yang masuk kedalam sistem palletizer dan mempermudah proses penanganan. Setelah penerapan sistem ini aktifnya alarm bag gap akibat adanya bag kosong dapat berkurang dan produktifitas palletizer dapat meningkat.Kata kunci :bag gap, PLC,overlap, belt trap.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Mastoid Emissary Canals with Computerized Tomography in Patients with Chronic Otitis Media

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (01) ◽  
pp. 082-087
Author(s):  
Ozkan Ozen ◽  
Caner Sahin
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Automation System ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Emissary Veins ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Mastoid Foramen ◽  
Mastoid Region

Abstract Background The mastoid emissary veins (MEVs) pass through the mastoid emissary canal-mastoid foramen (MEC-MF) in the mastoid region of the skull. MEVs can give rise to complications during surgical procedures. The purpose of our study was to investigate the morphological and morphometric characteristics of MECs of patients with clinical chronic otitis media (COM) using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). Methods Patients diagnosed with COM and undergoing temporal HRCT were identified by retrospectively scanning our hospital's automation system. Patients undergoing temporal HRCT for reasons other than COM, infection or tinnitus were identified for the control group by scanning the PACS archive. Sixty-two mastoid regions were examined in 38 unilateral and 12 bilateral COM patients, and 100 mastoid regions in the 50 patients in the control group. The presence of an accessory MEC-MF and MEC-MF diameters was evaluated in both groups. Results Main MEC diameters on the side of the ear with COM were 1.6 mm, and total accessory and main MEC diameters were 1.8 mm, both values being significantly higher than in the control group. Presence of accessory MEC on the side of the ear with COM was determined at 61.8%, significantly higher than in the control group. Conclusion Preoperative awareness of cranial venous drainage abnormalities is important to reduce surgical complications. Our study shows that MECs may be wider in diameter in patients with COM. MECs in COM patients must be identified before surgery to the mastoid region.

Observation and Numerical Simulation of Propagation of ULF Waves From the Ion Foreshock Into the Magnetosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazue Takahashi ◽  
Turc Turc ◽  
Emilia Kilpua ◽  
Naoko Takahashi ◽  
Andrew Dimmock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Ulf Waves ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Outer Magnetosphere ◽  
Magnetic Field Magnitude ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Waves

<p>Observational studies have demonstrated that ULF waves excited in the ion foreshock are a main source of Pc3-4 ULF waves detected in the magnetosphere. However, quantitative understanding of the propagation of the waves is not easy, because the waves are generated through a kinetic process in the foreshock, pass through the turbulent magnetosheath, and propagate as fast mode waves and couple to shear Alfven waves within the magnetosphere.  Recent advancement of hybrid numerical simulations of foreshock dynamics motivated us to analyze observational data from multiple sources and compare the results with simulation results. We have selected the time interval 1000-1200 UT on 20 July 2016, when the THEMIS, GOES, and Van Allen Probe spacecraft covered the solar wind, foreshock, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere. The EMMA magnetometers (L=1.6-6.5) were located near noon. We found that the spectrum of the magnetic field magnitude (Bt) in the foreshock exhibits a peak near 90 mHz, which agrees with the theoretical prediction assuming an ion beam instability in the foreshock.  A similar Bt spectrum is found in the dayside outer magnetosphere but not in the magnetosheath or in the nightside magnetosphere.  On the ground, a 90 mHz spectral peak was detected in the H component only at L=2-3. The numerical simulation using the VLASIATOR code shows that the foreshock is formed on the prenoon sector but that the effect of the upstream waves in the magnetosphere is most pronounced at noon. The Bt spectrum of the simulated waves in the outer magnetosphere exhibits a peak at 90 mHz, which is consistent with the observation.</p>

scholarly journals Modelling and Simulation of Cooperative Control for Bus Rapid Transit Vehicle Platoon in a Connected Vehicle Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahui Liu ◽  
Peiqun Lin ◽  
Jing(Peter) Jin
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Control ◽  
Control Model ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Connected Vehicle ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Vehicle Platoon ◽  
Connected Vehicle Technology ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Set Up

The aim of this paper is to develop a cooperative control model for improving the operational efficiency of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) vehicles. The model takes advantage of the emerging connected vehicle technology. A connected vehicle centre is established to assign a specific reservation time interval and transmit the corresponding dynamic speed guidance to each BRT vehicle. Furthermore, a set of constraints have been set up to avoid bus queuing and waiting phenomena in downstream BRT stations. Therefore, many BRT vehicles are strategically guided to form a platoon, which can pass through an intersection with no impedance. An actual signalized intersection along the Guangzhou BRT corridor is employed to verify and assess the cooperative control model in various traffic conditions. The simulation-based evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed approach can reduce delays, decrease the number of stops, and improve the sustainability of the BRT vehicles.

scholarly journals Short time effect of Covid 19 pandemic on HbA1c and acute metabolic complications in children with type 1 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Arslanoglu ◽  
Figen Akcali ◽  
Fatma Yavuzyilmaz ◽  
Mehmet Ali Sungur
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Hba1c Test

Background COVID19 pandemic is currently affecting every aspect of daily life of communitiesy throughout the world. We aimed to check how this situation affects the metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes. Methods We analyzed all patients with type 1 diabetes a HbA1c test after at least two months ensuing the start of the epidemic in Turkey. We compared the results with the most recent HbA1c test in the hospitals automation system before the epidemic. In addition, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and severe hypoglycemia rates were compared. Results Among the eligible 219 cases 77.6% had decreased HbA1c levels according to their former result. Mean drop was about 9.71% compared to the former test in the whole group. Age, sex and time interval between two tests were not found to affect this tendency. Diabetic ketoacidosis rate was the same as before the pandemic, whereas severe hypoglycemia rates increased. Conclusions Despite the potential of the pandemic to affect routine care of chronic diseases in a negative way the short term metabolic control of type 1 children with type 1 diabetes improved. Telemedicine support by the diabetes team and increased care in the family environment might be possible explanations.

scholarly journals A University Building Test Case for Occupancy-Based Building Automation

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Swaminathan ◽  
Ximan Wang ◽  
Bingyu Zhou ◽  
Simone Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Model ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Set Point ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Point Control ◽  
Set Point Control

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) units in buildings form a system-of-subsystems entity that must be accurately integrated and controlled by the building automation system to ensure the occupants’ comfort with reduced energy consumption. As control of HVACs involves a standardized hierarchy of high-level set-point control and low-level Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controls, there is a need for overcoming current control fragmentation without disrupting the standard hierarchy. In this work, we propose a model-based approach to achieve these goals. In particular: the set-point control is based on a predictive HVAC thermal model, and aims at optimizing thermal comfort with reduced energy consumption; the standard low-level PID controllers are auto-tuned based on simulations of the HVAC thermal model, and aims at good tracking of the set points. One benefit of such control structure is that the PID dynamics are included in the predictive optimization: in this way, we are able to account for tracking transients, which are particularly useful if the HVAC is switched on and off depending on occupancy patterns. Experimental and simulation validation via a three-room test case at the Delft University of Technology shows the potential for a high degree of comfort while also reducing energy consumption.

scholarly journals THE NUCLEAR ANNULI AS PATHWAYS FOR NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC EXCHANGES

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Feldherr
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Colloidal Particles ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Central Channel ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Individual Particles

Colloidal gold particles, 25 to 55 A in diameter, which had been coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone, were microinjected into the ground cytoplasm of amebas (Chaos chaos). At time intervals of 1 minute, 2 minutes, 10 minutes, and 24 hours after injection the cells were fixed for electron microscopy. After 24 hours, gold particles were found in both the nuclei and the ground cytoplasm, the concentration being higher in the nuclei. Colloidal particles were also present in the nuclei after 10 minutes, but at this time interval the concentration did not appear to be greater than that in the ground cytoplasm. One and 2 minutes after injection, the gold particles were located almost exclusively in the ground cytoplasm; however, individual particles were often found within the annuli of the nuclear envelope, and were located specifically in the centers of these structures. The results suggest that at least some of the gold particles which enter the nuclei pass through the annuli, and that passage through these structures may be restricted to a central channel.

Study of Trapping and Recombination In a-Si:H By Means of Infrared Enhancement Spectra of Photoconductivity

1986 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu Wenhao ◽  
Qiu Changhua ◽  
Zhao Shifu ◽  
Han Daxing
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Pump Light ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Probe Light ◽  
Deep Traps ◽  
Multiple Trapping ◽  
Temperature Dependences ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Non Equilibrium

ABSTRACTIR re-excitation of non-equilibrium carriers in undoped a-Si:H has been used to probe the profile of the distribution of deep traps. In a dualbeam experiment, after turning off a pump light, the trapped carriers are re-excited by an IR probe light which causes the photoconductivity(PC) to pass through a maximum, σmax, before settling down towards its steady state value, σs. σmax depends on the time interval td between turning off the pump light and turning on the probe light in a manner Δσ=σmax-σs∞td-α(T) Based on the multiple trapping (MT) model, the distribution of deep traps has been deduced from the temperature dependences of α(T).

scholarly journals Velocity Control of Visco-Elastic Materials Movement in the Cylindrical Channel of the Grinder Feed Screw of the Former

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Екатерина Фоменко ◽  
Ekaterina Fomenko ◽  
Альберт Нугманов ◽  
Albert Nugmanov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Navier Stokes Equation ◽  
Feed Screw ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The One

The present research features the problems of wheat processing. Wheat processing has its own specific features. For instance, the process of gluten extrusion forming is very complex since it is associated with the visco-elastic and adhesive properties of raw gluten. The article discusses the results of applying the numerical finite difference method to the Navier-Stokes equation in the case of the one-dimensional problem when a cooled viscoelastic material has to pass through circular nozzles. The paper also features the obtained surface model of velocity evolution and some averaged results for the possible automation of the process. The viscosity properties of raw gluten are variable and depend on temperature, chemical composition, and properties of the raw material. Modeling makes it possible to characterize the properties of the material and its behavior in various situations. Such research demands neither additional time nor significant costs. The authors identified patterns of movement for raw gluten in the extrusion molding unit and selected the most appropriate automation system to control the speed of its movement to the molding assembly in the grinder feed screw. The significance of the research is obvious for subsequent physical and mathematical modeling of heat and mass transfer processes of vacuum freezing and drying and granulating of gluten extrusions. The results of the research presented in the article are consistent with the available information on this topic. The present approach to solving the problem of choosing the best rational hydrodynamic regimes was applied due to the complexity of the experimental determination of velocity fields and the difficulty of analyzing the Navier-Stokes system of hydrodynamic differential equations with variable proportionality coefficients.

Recovery Course of Excitability in A Single Neurone of Onchidium Verruculatum

1971 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-484
Author(s):  
YOSHIFUMI KATAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Cell ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Current Strength ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electrical Excitability ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Minimum Quantity ◽  
Pass Through

The electrical excitability of a nerve cell of Onchidium verruculatum was measured by transmembrane depolarizing current pulses through a glass-capillary microelectrode inserted into the soma of the nerve cell. 1. The strength-duration and the strength-latency relations were measured during the resting state of a silent-type nerve cell, and both were represented by hyperbolic curves. This shows that the minimum quantity of electricity (that is, current strength multiplied by time duration required to produce a spike) must pass through the membrane to discharge impulses in the resting state of the nerve cell. 2. The strength-latency relations were obtained after a spontaneous spike. The stimulus began during the falling phase of a preceding firing and lasted for 300 ms. These relations were represented by two exponential terms. 3. The strength-duration relations were measured at various times after a preceding discharge and these were also represented approximately by hyperbolic curves in regularly firing or frequently firing neurones. These results suggested that a minimum quantity of electricity must be required to elicit a second spike at a given time interval after a preceding spike; and that the reciprocal of this value might represent the excitability after that time interval. 4. The time course of the reciprocal of the quantity referred to above expresses the process of the recovery of excitability in the nerve cell after a spike. This process can be expressed mathematically by two exponential terms.

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