Penentuan Rute Distribusi Produk Menggunakan Metode Saving Matrix Dan Nearest Neighbor Pada PT. XYZ

Permasalahan penentuan suatu rute distribusi erat kaitannya dengan penentuan perjalanan dari suatu titik atau cabang ke suatu titik atau cabang lainnya dalam suatu rute distribusi. Rute distribusi produk merupakan urutan pemberhentian berturut-turut terhadap cabang dan proses perencanaan dari titik awal (Perusahaan) ke titik konsumsi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. PT. XYZ adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pembuatan bahan makanan, yaitu pembuatan tepung tapioka. PT. XYZ melakukan distribusi ke distributor tanpa memperhitungkan jarak tempuh dan utilitas kendaraan angkut. Proses pendistribusian produk dalam satu kali rute perjalanan hanya dilakukan kepada dua distributor. Pendistribusian produk yang tidak tepat dalam menentukan rute distribusi ke distributor dan tanpa melihat terdahulu kapasitas dari alat angkut mengakibatkan jalur yang ditempuh tidak efisien. Maka dilakukanlah penentuan rute distribusi dengan algoritma heuristik. Pembentukan sub rute pada rute usulan dengan menggunakan algoritma heuristik menghasilkan sub rute yang lebih sedikit dari rute distribusi yang diterapkan perusahaan, dimana sub rute usulan adalah 2 sub rute, sedangkan sub rute yang selama ini diterapkan perusahaan adalah 4 sub rute, menghasilkan jarak yang lebih minimum dengan penghematan jarak sebesar 299500 m, penghematan biaya sebesar Rp.262.650 dan pengurangan penggunaan kendaraan dimana pada rute awal sebanyak 4 armada, setelah menentukan rute distribusi menjadi 2 kendaraan. The problem of determining a distribution route is closely related to the determination of a trip from a point or branch to a point or other branch in a distribution route. Product distribution routes are sequential sequences of stops for branches and planning processes from the starting point (Company) to the point of consumption to meet consumer needs. PT. XYZ is a company engaged in the manufacture of food ingredients, namely the manufacture of tapioca flour. PT. XYZ distributes to distributors without taking into account the distance and utility of the transport vehicle. The product distribution process in one trip route is only done to two distributors. Inaccurate product distribution in determining distribution routes to distributors and without seeing in advance the capacity of the transport equipment resulted in an inefficient route. Then the distribution route is determined by a heuristic algorithm. Sub route formation on the proposed route using the heuristic algorithm produces fewer sub routes than the distribution route applied by the company, where the proposed sub routes are 2 sub routes, while the sub routes that have been applied by the company are 4 sub routes, resulting in a minimum distance with a distance savings of 299500 m, a cost savings of Rp.262,650 and a reduction in vehicle usage where the initial route was 4 vehicle, after determining the distribution route into 2 vehicle.

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PENENTUAN RUTE DISTRIBUSI PALLET MESH MENGGUNAKAN METODE SAVING MATRIX (STUDI KASUS : PT. MMM)

JURNAL MANAJEMEN INDUSTRI DAN LOGISTIK ◽

10.30988/jmil.v5i1.542 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 01-09

Author(s):

Fery Darus Nasution (Universitas Singaperbangsa) ◽

Ade Momon S (Universitas Singaperbangsa) ◽

Risma Fitriani (Universitas Singaperbangsa)

Keyword(s):

Matrix Method ◽

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Transportation Cost ◽

Product Distribution ◽

Initial Distribution ◽

Transportation Costs ◽

Initial Cost ◽

Efficient Route ◽

Cost Of Transportation

AbstractDistribution of products from the company's warehouse PT. MMM to consumers so far the company only uses estimates of consumers which will be passed in one shipment only by looking at the number of requests without considering the shipping routes and distance from the warehouse to the location of the consumer. This study aims to determine an effective shipping route using the saving matrix and nearest neighbor methods then find out distance savings and transportation cost savings. Comparison of the product distribution routes of PT. MMM after using the saving matrix method and the nearest neighbor method results in an effective and efficient route where the initial distribution route is 40 routes into 7 routes for 7 days of product distribution to consumers. The saving matrix method is applied. shows a reduction in the distance of the original shipment of 1,673.6 Km to 810.7 Km, thus obtained a savings of a distance of 862.9 Km. As well as a significant reduction in transportation costs where the initial cost of transportation of Rp. 4,478,448.- dropped to Rp. 3,675,951.-, so the company can save on transportation costs by Rp. 802,497.-.AbstrakRute pendistribusian produk dari gudang perusahaan PT. MMM ke para konsumen selama ini perusahaan hanya menggunakan perkiraan konsumen mana yang akan dilalui dalam satu kali pengiriman, yaitu hanya dengan melihat jumlah permintaan tanpa mempertimbangkan rute pengiriman dan jarak tempuh dari gudang ke lokasi konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan rute pengiriman yang efektif menggunakan metode saving matrix dan nearest neighbor, kemudian mengetahui penghematan jarak serta penghematan biaya transportasi. Perbandingan rute distribusi produk PT. MMM dengan menggunakan metode saving matrix dan metode nearest neighbor menghasilkan rute yang efektif dan efisien dimana rute awal distribusi sebanyak 40 rute menjadi 7 rute untuk 7 hari pendistribusian produk ke konsumen. Dengan diterapkannya metode saving matrix menunjukan penurunan jarak tempuh pengiriman yang semula 1.673,6 Km menjadi 810,7 Km, dengan demikian didapatkan penghematan jarak sebesar 862,9 Km. Serta menurunkan biaya transportasi yang signifikan dimana biaya awal transportasi sebesar Rp. 4.478.448.- turun menjadi Rp. 3.675.951.-, sehingga perusahaan dapat menghemat biaya transportasi sebesar Rp. 802.497

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Penentuan Rute Distribusi Suku Cadang Kendaraan Bermotor dalam Meminimalkan Biaya Transportasi (Studi Kasus: PT. Inti Polymetal Karawang)

JIEMS (Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems) ◽

10.30813/jiems.v11i1.1012 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ade Momon ◽

Damara Widi Ardiatma

Keyword(s):

Distribution System ◽

Matrix Method ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Minimum Cost ◽

Transportation Cost ◽

Nearest Neighbors ◽

Product Distribution ◽

Planning And Scheduling ◽

Distribution Process ◽

A Company

The goal of the distribution system is to deliver the product promptly, quickly and generate the minimum cost. Therefore, the development of distribution system is very important because it can support the growth and development of the company. This study aims to get the route of delivery of the most appropriate and optimal products and get transportation cost savings. PT. IPM is a company engaged in the production of automotive. The problems faced by PT. IPM is the absence of good product distribution planning and scheduling distribution process is considered not maximal. This is due to the number of routes are too many, the distance is too far delivery, the limited means of conveyance and utilization of transport space less than the maximum and the high cost of transportation. To solve the problem of PT. IPM then needed the best method, that is Saving Matrix method which is used to determine product distribution route to the customer based on the capacity of conveyance used and Nearest Neighbors method for route ordering. From the result of mathematical calculation with Saving Matrix method and algorithm with Nearest Neighbors method obtained 49 best routes for PT. IPM. The distance to be taken is as far as 6,010 kilometers with transportation cost of Rp. 46,630,527. The resulting distance saving is 22% (1,690.9 km), while the transportation cost savings that occur is 38% or Rp. 28,494,021.

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ANALISA RUTE DISTRIBUSI DAN BIAYA TRANSPORTASI SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG BISNIS PT POS INDONESIA KP BANJARNEGARA

Jurnal Manajemen & Bisnis Kreatif ◽

10.36805/manajemen.v5i2.1030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 56-66

Author(s):

Aditia Sovia Pramudita

Keyword(s):

Competitive Advantage ◽

Matrix Method ◽

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Product Distribution ◽

Transportation Costs ◽

Total Distance ◽

State Owned Enterprise ◽

Distribution Process ◽

Courier Service

PT Pos Indonesia is a state-owned enterprise engaged in courier service inIndonesia. To achieve the competitive advantage, PT Pos Indonesia certainly cannot beseparated from its effectiveness and its efficiency in distributing letters and packages tothe customers. This research is the background of the product distribution process atPT Pos Indonesia Regional VI Semarang which based on Pos Indonesia way, where theneed for savings in needed. Therefore, the PROSAN section needs to make savings interms of distribution routes and distance. The purpose of this study is to determine thedistribution route of Pos Banjarnegara in order to minimize transportation costs. Thisresearch uses the VRP method. In this thesis, the VRP model is needed for theBanjarnegara Pos office distribution route, the solving for this method is to use savingmatrix, nearest insertion, nearest neighbor and finding out the most effective VRPsolving among those methods. Based on the calculation to complete the VRP using thesaving matrix method, the total distance is 204,3 km, the nearest insertion is 203,9, andthe nearest neighbor produces a distance of 180,6 km while the current average for thedistance in this company is 244,8 km. This shows that the nearest neighbor method ismore efficient in determining distribution routes, and this route can be done by usingjust one vehicle.Keywords: saving matrix, nearest insertion, nearest neighbor, distribution, routes

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Wayfinding in People with Alzheimer’s Disease: Perspective Taking and Architectural Cognition—A Vision Paper on Future Dementia Care Research Opportunities

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1084

Author(s):

Saskia Kuliga ◽

Martin Berwig ◽

Martina Roes

Keyword(s):

Perspective Taking ◽

Spatial Orientation ◽

Environmental Design ◽

Spatial Disorientation ◽

Planning And Design ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Starting Point ◽

Planning Processes ◽

Person With Dementia ◽

Underlying Processes

Based on a targeted literature review, this vision paper emphasizes the importance of dementia-sensitive built space. The article specifically focuses on supporting spatial orientation and wayfinding for people living with dementia. First, we discuss types of wayfinding challenges, underlying processes, and consequences of spatial disorientation in the context of dementia of the Alzheimer’s type. Second, we focus on current efforts aimed at planning and evaluating dementia-sensitive built space, i.e., environmental design principles, interventions, evaluation tools, strategies, and planning processes. Third, we use our findings as a starting point for developing an interdisciplinary research vision aimed at encouraging further debates and research about: (1) the perspective of a person with dementia, specifically in the context of wayfinding and spatial orientation, and (2) how this perspective supplements planning and design processes of dementia-sensitive built space. We conclude that more closely considering the perspective of people with dementia supports the development of demographically sustainable future cities and care institutions.

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Service productivity as mutual learning

International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences ◽

10.1108/ijqss-03-2015-0035 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (2/3) ◽

pp. 296-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Christian Grönroos ◽

Katri Ojasalo

Keyword(s):

Open Systems ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Service Organizations ◽

Content Type ◽

Mutual Learning ◽

Context Learning ◽

Starting Point ◽

Service Production ◽

Service Productivity ◽

Internal Efficiency

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the mutual learning implications for service productivity of the characteristics of service and service production. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper. The starting point is, first of all, that productivity as a management concept should help a firm to manage its economic profit, and secondly, that service organizations are open systems, where the customers participate as co-producers and are exposed to the firm’s production resources and processes. Unlike in manufacturing, to understand productivity in service organizations as a means of managing profit, cost effects and revenue effects of changes in the productions system cannot be separated. Due to the interaction between customers and the firm’s resources during service production, dialogical collaboration between them develops. This enables mutual learning. Findings – Given the social dynamics in service production processes, four learning processes that influence service productivity are identified. Two processes enhance the organizations’s internal efficiency (cost savings), and two enhance its external effectiveness (perceived quality, revenue generation); two are organization-driven, two are customer-driven. Research limitations/implications – The mutual learning model demonstrates how the service provider by learning from the dynamics of service encounters in many ways can manage the productivity of the organizations’s processes. It shows that learning enables improvement of service productivity through effects enhancing both internal efficiency and external effectiveness. Originality/value – In a productivity context, learning has not earlier been studied as a mutual learning phenomenon.

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The economics of merger appraisal: analysis of best practices

Russian competition law and economy ◽

10.32686/2542-0259-2019-3-60-67 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

V. Pruzhansky

Keyword(s):

Cost Savings ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Barriers To Entry ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Market Shares ◽

Starting Point ◽

Customer Switching ◽

The Us ◽

Buyer Power ◽

Merger Remedies

The article briefly outlines key economic principles that are used for merger appraisal in Europe and the US. We consider three most typical cases: horizontal, vertical and conglomerate mergers. We explain the main positive and negative effects that typically arise in each case. We point that the analysis of structural factors (levels of industry concentration and market shares) and barriers to entry can serve only as a starting point of the merger appraisal process. Other indicators such as closeness of competition, countervailing buyer power and customer switching, counter-reactions of rivals, levels of profitability, cost savings are far more important for the analysis of merger effects on consumers and competition. In addition, we describe general economic principles with regards to merger remedies.

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ENTANGLEMENT AND FRUSTRATION IN ORDERED SYSTEMS

International Journal of Quantum Information ◽

10.1142/s021974990300036x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 01 (04) ◽

pp. 465-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

MICHAEL M. WOLF ◽

FRANK VERSTRAETE ◽

J. IGNACIO CIRAC

Keyword(s):

Ground State ◽

State Energy ◽

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Bell Inequalities ◽

Harmonic Oscillators ◽

Neighbor Interaction ◽

Gaussian States ◽

Classical Systems ◽

Entanglement Of Formation ◽

Starting Point

This article reviews and extends recent results concerning entanglement and frustration in multipartite systems which have some symmetry with respect to the ordering of the particles. Starting point of the discussion are Bell inequalities: their relation to frustration in classical systems and their satisfaction for quantum states which have a symmetric extension. We then discussed how more general global symmetries of multipartite systems constrain the entanglement between two neighboring particles. We prove that maximal entanglement (measured in terms of the entanglement of formation) is always attained for the ground state of a certain nearest neighbor interaction Hamiltonian having the considered symmetry with the achievable amount of entanglement being a function of the ground state energy. Systems of Gaussian states, i.e. quantum harmonic oscillators, are investigated in more detail and the results are compared to what is known about ordered qubit systems.

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Identification Material Distribution Process to Improve Material Handling Performance Using Risk Matrix Analysis (Case Study at Paper Manufacturing)

Annales de Chimie Science des Matériaux ◽

10.18280/acsm.450502 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 (5) ◽

pp. 369-378

Author(s):

Ery Sugito ◽

Rika Ampuh Hadiguna ◽

Rizki Prakasa Hasibuan

Keyword(s):

Lean Manufacturing ◽

Material Handling ◽

Product Distribution ◽

Matrix Analysis ◽

Value Stream Mapping ◽

Risk Matrix ◽

Additional Material ◽

Paper Manufacturing ◽

Distribution Process ◽

Production Area

Material handling activities within a company have a very important role, especially in warehousing activities ranging from the process of receiving goods, storing goods to product distribution. To reduce the waste that occurs in material handling, a lean manufacturing approach is used with the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) method for mapping the flow of material handling activities and the flow of information on material handling activities. Waste that occurs in the material handling work process in the printing sheets area includes waiting, excess processing, and transportation. With Root Cause Analysis and Risk Matrix, it is known that the most influential root causes of waste are inadequate human resources, material handling tools in preparing goods and process break quantity from standard pallets, and distribution of areas far from the printing sheets warehouse area. Recommendations for improvement proposals offered are, providing additional material handlers, material handling tools for activities within one department by considering distance and time, reducing break quantity requests and temporary locations for receiving printing sheets in the production area, as well as collaborating with suppliers to arrange the arrival schedule of printing sheets material by communicating and updating regularly with the forwarder if the frequency of delays is too frequent. So that if it is repaired and applied it will improve the performance of the material handling.

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Penentuan Jalur Rute Distribusi Produk Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) dengan Menggunakan Metode Nearest Neighbour (Studi Kasus: PT.XYZ)

JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI ◽

10.36722/sst.v5i2.357 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Chendrasari Wahyu Oktavia ◽

Christine Natalia ◽

Indra Adigunawan

Keyword(s):

Nearest Neighbor ◽

Actual Data ◽

Nearest Neighbour ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Distribution Costs ◽

Logistics Company ◽

Distribution Process ◽

Total Travel Time ◽

The Right ◽

Distribution Cost

Abstrak - PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan logistik yang bergerak dalam pendistribusian produk ke seluruh area JABODETABEK. Dalam menjalankan aktivitas proses pendistribusian, perusahaan dihadapkan pada kondisi permasalahan yaitu perusahaan diharuskan untuk mengunjungi dan melayani konsumen dengan lokasi yang tersebar di area JABODETABEK dengan tetap memperhatikan kapasitas muatan dari armada dan rute yang dilalui kendaraan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penentuan rute yang tepat agar perusahaan dapat memenuhi pengiriman tepat waktu kepada konsumen. Dengan adanya masalah tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi rute kendaraan dengan metode nearest neighbor agar mampu meminimalisir total jarak, total waktu dan biaya distribusi yang kemudian akan dianalisa perbandingan data aktual dan nearest neighbor. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode nearest neighbor. Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mampu mengurangi persentase rata-rata jarak tempuh kendaraan dalam bulan Oktober 2018 sebesar 27% atau 44,09 km tiap harinya, (2) Mengurangi total waktu tempuh 157 menit dari data aktual, (3) Mampu menghemat total biaya sebesar 15% atau Rp. 53,458 tiap harinya. Dengan demikian metode pendekatan nearest neighbor mampu mengurangi biaya distribusi yang dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan tiap bulan.Abstract – PT. XYZ is a logistics company engaged in the distribution of products throughout the Greater Jakarta area. In carrying out the distribution process activities, the company is faced with the requirements of the problem about the company required to provide information and serve consumers with locations scattered in the Greater Jakarta area with due regard to capacity of vehicle and route. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the right route so that companies can meet timely deliveries to consumers. Given these problems, this study aims to optimize vehicle routes with the nearest neighbor method so as to minimize the time and cost of distribution which will then be analyzed to analyze the actual data and the nearest neighbors. In this study using the nearest neighbor method. The results obtained from this study are: (1) Able to reduce the average percentage of vehicle mileage in October 2018 by 27% or 44,09 km per shipment. (2) reduce total travel time of 157 minute from actual data, (3) Able to increase total costs by 15% or Rp. 53,458. Thus,the method of taking the nearest neighbor can reduce the distribution costs incurred by the company each month.Keywords – Distribution cost, Nearest neighbor, Route determination

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Keeping the Person in Personalised Healthcare

Biomedicine Hub ◽

10.1159/000481683 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (Suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Denis Horgan

Keyword(s):

Risk Sharing ◽

Personalised Medicine ◽

Cost Savings ◽

Principal Factor ◽

Starting Point ◽

New Business ◽

Genetic Makeup ◽

Personalised Healthcare ◽

The Eu

Proponents of personalised medicine believe that the involvement of the patients, including in “risk-sharing agreements,” will result in cost savings, the use of the genetic makeup of an individual patient as the starting point will save resources and, indirectly, there will be great potential for startups and new business in many areas. But how can Europe ensure that the “person” is central stage and allow us to focus on the development of personalised medicine for his or her ultimate benefit? The EU has a clear role to play, argues the author. One way for this to happen is for the EU to focus investment in guidelines for governance. This will go a long way to ensuring that the citizen is the principal factor when it comes to utilising the new wealth of innovation in health. The citizen must always come first when innovation is harnessed.

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