scholarly journals Climate Risks in the Northeast

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Agricultural Commodities ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Field Crops ◽  
Total Plant

The 12 northeastern states form a diverse region producing more than $21 billion yearly in agricultural commodities. The Northeast region contains the seven most densely populated states and leads the nation in direct-to-public farm sales. Animal agriculture is important, particularly dairy and poultry. About half of the field crops and pasture grown in the Northeast are for animal feed. Horticulture and perennial fruits are also a relatively large portion of total plant production. Overall, farms in the Northeast are usually smaller in size and organic production is higher i comparison to other regions. About 21% of land in this region is farmland (6% of the national total), and 62% of land is classified as timberland.

scholarly journals Reduced Leaching Fractions Improve Irrigation Use Efficiency and Nutrient Efficacy

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen H. Tyler ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
Ted E. Bilderback
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
N Losses ◽  
P Content ◽  
Production Area ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation Volume

Abstract An experiment with two leaching fractions (LF = volume of water leached ÷ volume of water applied) and two fertilizer rates was conducted to evaluate the effects of reduced irrigation volume in combination with reduced fertility on irrigation use efficiency, nutrient efficacy (retention), and plant growth. Rooted cuttings of Cotoneaster dammeri Schneid. ‘Skogholm’ were potted into 3.8 liter (#1) containers in a pine bark: sand substrate (8:1 by vol). Osmocote 24N-1.7P-5.8K (24-4-7) was topdressed at 3.5 g N or 1.75 g N per container at treatment initiation. The experiment, a RCBD with four replications was conducted for 100 days on a container-grown plant production area subdivided into 16 separate plots that allowed for the collection of all irrigation water leaving each plot. Twenty containers were placed in each plot. Irrigation water was applied daily to attain either a high LF of 0.4 to 0.6 or a low LF of 0.0 to 0.2. Irrigation water was applied in two cycles with a two hour rest interval between each application via pressure compensated spray stakes at a rate of 200 ml/min (0.28 in/min). Volume of effluent from each plot was measured daily and analyzed for NO3, NH4, and P. Low LF decreased irrigation volume and effluent volume by 44% and 63%, respectively, compared to high LF. Irrigation use efficiency [total plant dry weight (volume applied-volume leached)] by plants irrigated with low LF was 29% greater than high LF. Compared to high LF, low LF decreased cumulative NO3 and NH4 contents in effluent by 66% and 62%, respectively, for containers fertilized with 3.5 g N. Low LF also reduced cumulative P content in the effluent by 57% compared to high LF. Shoot and total plant dry weights produced with low LF were reduced 8% and 10%, respectively, compared to plants grown with high LF. Root dry weight was not effected by LF. Shoot, root, and total plant dry weights with 1.75 g N were reduced by 26%, 26%, and 28%, respectively compared to 3.5 g N. Nitrogen efficiency was higher when plants were fertilized with 3.5 g N regardless of LF. To maximize N absorption and minimize N losses requires a combination of maintaining an adequate N supply which is this study was 3.5 g N per 3.8 liter container in combination with a low LF.

Is there a promising market ‘in between’ organic and conventional food? Analysis of consumer preferences

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Janssen ◽  
Astrid Heid ◽  
Ulrich Hamm
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Low Input ◽  
High Preference ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Food Market ◽  
Certified Organic

AbstractVarious products incorporating single aspects of organic production systems such as lower inputs of pesticides, food additives or concentrated animal feed are found on the food market (referred to as low-input products hereafter). In our study, we analyzed how consumers react to low-input products in a purchase simulation with certified organic, conventional and low-input products. In the purchase simulations, each participant was asked to make three consecutive purchase decisions, one each for milk, yogurt and apples. The results of a cluster analysis revealed one cluster with a high preference for organic products and three clusters that featured considerable shares of low-input purchases. The latter clusters, however, were not characterized by a clear preference for low-input products. Rather, they bought mixed baskets of goods, i.e., low-input products in combination with either organic or conventional products. The low-input products in the categories milk, yogurt and apples did thus not necessarily attract the same groups of people. Interestingly, we found that most consumers who chose low-input products in the simulations usually buy those particular products in conventional quality. We conclude that in our study, we found a heterogeneous group of low-input buyers. For the organic sector, communicating the various aspects of organic production might be a promising strategy for gaining new customers. The low-input products in the purchase simulation only featured one special attribute, whereas organic products incorporate several.

Targeted technologies for nitrous oxide abatement from animal agriculture

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. M. de Klein ◽  
R. J. Eckard
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitors ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Animal Agriculture ◽  
Management Interventions

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions account for ~10% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with most of these emissions (~90%) deriving from agricultural practices. Animal agriculture potentially contributes up to 50% of total agricultural N2O emissions. In intensive animal agriculture, high N2O emission rates generally coincide with anaerobic soil conditions and high soil NO3–, primarily from animal urine patches. This paper provides an overview of animal, feed-based and soil or management abatement technologies for ruminant animal agriculture targeted at reducing the size of the soil NO3– pool or improving soil aeration. Direct measurements of N2O emissions from potential animal and feed-based intervention technologies are scarce. However, studies have shown that they have the potential to reduce urinary N excretion by 3–60% and thus reduce associated N2O emissions. Research on the effect of soil and water management interventions is generally further advanced and N2O reduction potentials of up to 90% have been measured in some instances. Of the currently available technologies, nitrification inhibitors, managing animal diets and fertiliser management show the best potential for reducing emissions in the short-term. However, strategies should always be evaluated in a whole-system context, to ensure that reductions in one part of the system do not stimulate higher emissions elsewhere. Current technologies reviewed here could deliver up to 50% reduction from an animal housing system, but only up to 15% from a grazing-based system. However, given that enteric methane emissions form the majority of emissions from grazing systems, a 15% abatement of N2O is likely to translate to a 2–4% decrease in total GHG emissions at a farm scale. Clearly, further research is needed to develop technologies for improving N cycling and reducing N2O emissions from grazing-based animal production systems.

scholarly journals (94) Efficacy of Application Methods and Concentration of Plant Growth Retardants on Growth of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthem ×grandiflorum `Cheasepeake')

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1046A-1046
Author(s):  
Chun Ho Pak ◽  
Seung Won Kang ◽  
Chiwon W. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Growth Retardant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Plant Growth Retardants ◽  
Application Methods

Efficacy of application methods and concentration of plant growth retardants on growth of chrysanthemum (Dendranthema ×grandiflorum cv. Cheasepeake) was tested. B-9 or cycocel (CCC) as a growth retardant was applied as drench or subapplication with nutrient solution. In the case of B-9 drench treatments, as B-9 concentrations increased, numbers of flowers and flower buds increased except in the 1500-ppm treatment. Increasing concentration of CCC also resulted in reduction of flower numbers, total plant height, total leaf area, branch number, and fresh weight. Reduction ratio of total plant height in 2000 ppm showed about 56.9% being compared to that of the 100-ppm drench treatment. B-9 or CCC, combined with nutrient solution, was also supplied from the C-channel subirrigation system. The B-9 subapplication treatment showed no significance among these concentrations, but flower numbers, total plant height, average plant height, and leaf numbers decreased as concentrations of CCC increased. B-9 or CCC with the same concentration was drenched after 2 weeks of the first experiment to compare planting time efficacy. Measured data increased until B-9 increased up to 2500 ppm and severe growth retardation resulted from the 5000-ppm treatment. Through this growth retardant application study, the combination of drenching concentration and period of plant growth regulators (PGRs) may result in effective growth retardation and reduction of application concentrations for pot plant production.

Seed priming in field crops: potential benefits, adoption and challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Faisal Nadeem ◽  
Hafeez ur Rehman ◽  
Abdul Wahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Physical Methods ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Field Crops

Seed priming is a presowing technique in which seeds are moderately hydrated to the point where pregermination metabolic processes begin without actual germination. Seeds are then redried to near their actual weight for normal handling. Seeds can be soaked in tap water (hydropriming), aerated low-water potential solutions of polyethylene glycol or salt solutions (KNO3, KH2PO4, KCl, NaCl, CaCl2 or MgSO4; osmopriming), plant growth regulators, polyamines (hormonal priming), plant growth-promoting bacteria (biopriming), macro or micronutrients (nutripriming) or some plant-based natural extracts. Here, we review: (1) seed priming as a simple and effective approach for improving stand establishment, economic yields and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in various crops by inducing a series of biochemical, physiological, molecular and subcellular changes in plants; (2) the tendency for seed priming to reduce the longevity of high-vigour seeds and improve the longevity of low-vigour seeds; (3) the advantages of physical methods of seed priming to enhance plant production over conventional methods based on the application of different chemical substances; (4) the various physical methods (e.g. magneto-priming and ionising radiation, including gamma rays, ultraviolet (UV) rays (UVA, UVC) and X-rays) available that are the most promising presowing seed treatments to improve crop productivity under stressful conditions; and (5) effective seed priming techniques for micronutrient delivery at planting in field crops. Seed priming as a cost-effective approach is being used for different crops and in different countries to improve yield, as a complementary strategy to grain biofortification and in genetically improved crop varieties to enhance their performance under stress conditions, including submergence and low phosphorus. Some of the challenges to the broad commercial adaption of seed priming include longevity of seeds after conventional types of priming under ambient storage conditions and a lack of studies on hermetic packaging materials for extended storage.

Phosphorus, Land Use and Absolute Quantity Reductions as a Legal Problem

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Ulrich ◽  
Nadine Holzapfel ◽  
Felix Ekardt
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Absolute Quantity ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Phosphorus Application

AbstractThis article broaches the legal treatment of the declining, non-renewable, non-substitutable resource phosphorus which is indispensable for life. Furthermore, excessive and dissipative phosphorus entry into the environment, soils, and water bodies has significant harmful effects on ecosystems. Insufficient European and national legal regulations lack concreteness, real enforcement, prevention of relocating problems and a safeguard for absolute quantity reductions in phosphorus usage. Furthermore, it is the sum of multiple minor actions of farmers etc. that can lead to ecologically and resource-related fatale consequences. It is not sufficient to increase efficiency in phosphorus uptake per individual plant, because if crop cultivation is expanded to previously unused areas at the same time, for instance via greater animal feed crop production (due to globally rising meat consumption) or via bioenergy plant production, it will be impossible to achieve the necessary absolute phosphorus application reductions by higher efficiency per plant. We conclude that this will eventually lead to an important new strategy in environmental policy: "Technical solutions", "efficiency" and "command and control" alone will not solve resource problems or quantity problems if at the same time (global) production increases or remains at a constant high level.

scholarly journals Growth and productivity of cassava given organic fertilizer and potential waste as a source of animal feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 306 ◽  
pp. 01054
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata ◽  
Anastasia Sischa Jati Utami ◽  
I Wayan Sudarma
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Tuber Production ◽  
Compost Plant ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The research was conducted to determine the growth and productivity of cassava plants that are given organic fertilizers and their potential waste as ruminant animal feed. The research was conducted at Kerthi Winangun Farmers Group, Bukti village, Kubutambahan District, Buleleng Regency. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three fertilization treatments and twelve replications. The fertilizer given were: cow dung 5 kg/plant (UK1), compost 5 kg/plant (UK2) and cow dung 5 kg/plant + bio urine 300 ml/plant (UK3). The Parameters observed were (1) plant growth (height, Number of leaves and tubers), (2) tuber production, (3) waste (leaf and peel) production and (4) carrying capacity. The result shows that application of 5 kg compost/plant yielded the highest tuber, leaf and peel production was respectively 1789,25±475,50, 667 ± 104 and 416,61±18 g/plant. Production of this peel can be used to feed 1.29-1.52 cattle/ha/year or 10.73-12,68 goat/ha/year. In conclusion, the cassava that was given with 5 kg compost per plant has the highest production to be used as a source of feed for ruminants.

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