Disturbo Post-Traumatico e comportamento criminale negli adolescenti. Una revisione della letteratura

2009 ◽  
pp. 119-137
Author(s):  
Vittoria Ardino

The article reviews studies of PTSD in delinquent adolescents. Articles on PTSD in delinquent adolescents were retrieved through search engines (MEDLINE, Psychlit) and by exploration of references in those articles. The review highlights that delinquent adolescents have higher rates of PTSD symptoms when compared to adolescents in the general population. Published research shows substantial limitations and contradictory findings that need further investigations to be more informative. The developmental significance of the cooccurrence of PTSD and criminal behaviour is discussed within the Developmental Criminology paradigm aiming to encourage further empirical investigations and treatment implications.Keywords: trauma, PTSD, antisocial behaviour, adolescence Parole chiave: trauma, PTSD, comportamento antisociale, adolescenzaParole chiave: procedure, linee guida, protezione, abuso all'infanzia.

Author(s):  
Vicky Heap

This chapter uses Christie’s (1986) ideal victim’s framework to critically deconstruct notions of anti-social behaviour (ASB) victimisation, by conceptualising individual and community experiences of ASB. An examination of 'personal' ASB (ONS, 2012) assesses how far Christie's thesis can be applied to individual victims of targeted non-criminal behaviour, with a focus on social housing, stigmatisation and vulnerability. As 'environmental' and 'nuisance' ASB (ONS, 2012) can be experienced by more than one victim, perceptions of communities suffering from ASB victimisation is also considered, with examples from both residential neighbourhoods and public spaces explored to provide a contemporary understanding of these phenomena. Overall, the chapter illustrates how political priorities, societal and media discourses, and hierarchies of victimisation make conceptualising victims of ASB far from ideal.


2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Dame Silvia

What is the law other than a collection of rules intended to guide human coexistence and to govern society? Some of society's rules derive from an earnest desire to improve the lot of the public. Others simply atempt to constrain antisocial behaviour or codify exixting customs, some good, some bad. So in a few modern Muslim societies, ancient rules about the proper form ofdress for women are enforced as strictly as those intended to prevent and punish criminal behaviour. And until quite recently, although not imposed so strictly, similar customs applied here: wearing of hats in Church, medieval dress for nuns and 17th century wigs and gowns in court. Other laws regulate without a moral imperative: traffic regulations and limits on noise spring to mind. Some laws attempt to control commerce and are a mix of the regulatory and moral.


1994 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairead Dolan

Background.Diagnostic and conceptual issues relating to psychopathy are widely debated, but advances in our understanding of the aetiology are limited.Method.A PSYCHLIT computerised database search of publications covering five decades was supplemented by tracing back through references from existing review work.Results.Over 200 articles were extracted, and 95 were selected for review.Conclusions.It is timely to evaluate the rôle of brain dysfunction. Biological determinants are under-researched and the lack of consistency in operational definitions in published research precludes anything more than tentative conclusions about the genetic, biochemical or electrophysiological correlates of psychopathy and antisocial behaviour. A multi-modal research programme is required in the search for a comprehensive model of psychopathy that can guide both research efforts and clinical interventions.


2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierrette Verlaan ◽  
Alex E. Schwartzman

This study examined links between parents (189 mothers, 153 fathers) adjustment and children's externalising behaviour problems (97 girls; 92 boys) representative of the general population. Structural equation modelling was used to examine models that included “direct” and “indirect” pathways. Externalising behaviour problems in children were strongly related to parental adjustment difficulties. Maternal antisocial behaviour and marital hostility were linked to sons’ and daughters’ externalising behaviour problems via dysfunctional child-rearing practices. Maternal antisocial behaviour, however, was not fully mediated by dysfunctional parenting. For fathers, the pattern related to externalising problems in sons was as those specified for mothers. The pattern did not appear relevant for daughters. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of adjustment patterns with regard to the sex composition of the parent-child dyads.


Psichologija ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Gintautas Valickas ◽  
Viktorija Tarozienė

Asocialaus elgesio ir socialinės informacijos apdorojimo sąsajas pagrindžia įvairaus amžiaus vaikų ir paauglių tyrimų rezultatai. Tačiau duomenų apie suaugusių teisės pažeidėjų socialinės informacijos apdorojimą vis dar yra labai mažai. Tai apsunkina iškeltų teorinių prielaidų tikrinimą ir tikslinimą, asocialaus elgesio pasireiškimo prognozavimą, efektyvesnių šio elgesio prevencijos programų parengimą.Remiantis sukauptų tyrimų duomenimis, straipsnyje analizuojamos bendrosios socialinės informacijos apdorojimo raidos tendencijos, socialinės informacijos apdorojimo ir asocialaus elgesio ryšiai vaikystėje ir paauglystėje, taip pat brandžiame amžiuje. Tuo remiantis, keliamos prielaidos, kad yra prosocialių ir asocialių asmenų, suaugusiųjų ir vaikų / paauglių, taip pat suaugusių ir nepilnamečių teisės pažeidėjų socialinio žinojimo vienetų ir socialinės informacijos apdorojimo būdų panašumų bei skirtumų, išskiriamos perspektyviausios tyrimų sritys ir svarbiausios problemos.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: socialinės informacijos apdorojimas, socialinio žinojimo vienetai, vaikų / paauglių ir suaugusiųjų asocialus elgesys.Antisocial Behaviour Genesis from the Social Information Processing PerspectiveGintautas Valickas, Viktorija Tarozienė SummaryQuite numerous research findings show that social information processing underlies different forms of prosocial and antisocial behaviour. Although most of data come from research of children of different age, interest in social information processing andbehaviour in later periods of life markedly grows. More and more authors turn to the question of adult social information processing and antisocial behaviour, considering it as a promising field for criminal behaviour forecast and correction. Two aims ofthis paper are: 1) to describe the main developmental features of social information processing from early childhood to late adolescence and early adulthood; 2) to make assumptions on the connections between social information processing and the antisocial (criminal) behaviour of adults. In this article, we review findings of more than two last decades as it is the most intense period for the development of knowledge in this field.Analysis of the literature shows that patterns of social information processing of people with tendencies to prosocial and antisocial behaviour already differ in groups of children. These differences become more vivid in groups of adolescents as theytend to use antisocial thinking strategies more often and in more steps of information processing than younger children. We suppose that adults have similar but even more clear and vivid patterns of specific social information processing and behaviour than adolescents.Social knowledge of adults is more complex, abstract and differentiated to specific social situations in comparison with people of younger age. Moreover, their information processing is more rapid and complex as well as more tendentious andrigid. Automation of information processing might suspend the learning process and be a source of information processing mistakes in new social situations. We assume that adults, in comparison with children, must have a rather stable and effectivelyworking social information processing directly linked to specific forms of prosocial or antisocial behaviour. We hypothesize that because of a longer antisocial (criminal) experience, some specific features of social knowledge and information processingmight appear. Therefore, researches of social information processing that underlie specific forms of antisocial (criminal) behaviour seem to be most informative and useful in this field.Moreover, it is still very little known about the role of emotions in antisocial behaviour genesis. There is some eloquent data on their important impact on social information processing underlying antisocial behaviour, but we suppose that this impactmight differ in particular stages of development. Keywords: social information processing social knowledge, antisocial behaviour of children/adolescents and adults.


2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Stefanopoulou ◽  
David Lewis ◽  
Aneesah Mughal ◽  
Jan Larkin

Author(s):  
Matthew Hotton ◽  
Esme Huggons ◽  
Claire Hamlet ◽  
Kathleen Bogart ◽  
David Johnson ◽  
...  

Introduction: Facial palsy is often associated with impaired facial function and altered appearance. However, the literature with regards to the psychological adjustment of children and adolescents with facial palsy has not been systematically reviewed to date. This paper aimed to review all published research with regards to psychosocial adjustment for children and adolescents with facial palsy. Methods: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsychInfo and AMED databases were searched and data was extracted with regards to participant characteristics, study methodology, outcome measures used, psychosocial adjustment and study quality. Results: Five studies were eligible for inclusion, all of which investigated psychosocial adjustment in participants with Moebius syndrome, a form of congenital facial palsy. Many parents reported their children to have greater social difficulties than general population norms, with difficulties potentially increasing with age. Other areas of psychosocial adjustment, including behaviour, anxiety and depression, were found to be more comparable to the general population. Discussion: Children and adolescents with Moebius syndrome may experience social difficulties. However, they also demonstrate areas of resilience. Further research including individuals with facial palsy of other aetiologies is required in order to determine the psychosocial adjustment of children and adolescents with facial palsy.


2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. GALBAUD DU FORT ◽  
L. J. BOOTHROYD ◽  
R. C. BLAND ◽  
S. C. NEWMAN ◽  
R. KAKUMA

Background. In contrast with the large amount of research on the familial transmission of antisocial behaviour, few studies have investigated similarity between spouses for such behaviour. In addition, none of these studies have examined child conduct disorder (CCD) and adult antisocial behaviour (AAB) separately.Method. We studied 519 pairs of spouses who completed the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. In each pair, one spouse belonged to a random subsample of persons who had participated in a large population survey and was re-interviewed. Association between spouses for lifetime symptoms and DSM-III criteria of CCD, AAB, antisocial personality disorder and co-morbid psychiatric diagnoses was examined with bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Results. We observed a moderate association between spouses for the presence of CCD (OR=4·02, 95% CI=2·03–7·96), and a strong association for the presence of AAB (OR=20·1, 95% CI=5·97–67·5). This similarity for AAB was independent of the similarity for CCD and persisted after adjustment for spousal similarity for disorders co-morbid with AAB. An examination of the relationship between marital status and the presence of CCD and/or AAB in the general population sample (from which originated our sample of couples) suggested that the spousal similarity for AAB was more likely attributable to assortative mating rather than marital contamination.Conclusion. Our finding of a strong similarity between spouses for AAB has significant implications for both clinicians and researchers. It also suggests that adult antisocial behaviour should be considered as a distinct diagnostic entity, an approach which diverges from DSM-IV diagnostic criteria.


Author(s):  
Marta Ruiz-Narezo ◽  
Rosa Santibáñez-Gruber ◽  
Teresa Laespada-Martínez

This article is aimed at analyzing three forms of violent behaviour, in addition to what it is that triggers what is known as “interactions among violent behaviours”; that is, what feeds back into violent behaviours, whether it is the victim and/or the aggressor simultaneously. The study sample consisted of 433 adolescents aged 12–19 years from four educational centers: two from ESO and two from FPB from a municipality of Greater Bilbao. The results show differences based on gender, showing a greater involvement among boys, as well as differences according to the educational pathway, with a higher prevalence of FPB students conducting antisocial behaviour than ESO students in school violence forms of behaviour and with no significant differences observed regarding dating violence. Finally, there was evidence to suggest the existence of interactions among violent behaviours.


2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma R. Barrowcliffe ◽  
Nichola Tyler ◽  
Theresa A. Gannon

Purpose This study aims to assess the prevalence of firesetting in a sample of young UK adults aged 18 to 23 years and to compare their characteristics with non-firesetting individuals. Design/methodology/approach Two-hundred and forty male (n = 119, 49.6%) and female (n = 121, 50.4%) participants were recruited through Prolific Academic. Comparisons were made between self-reported firesetting and non-firesetting participants on a range of demographic, fire-related and personality measures. Factors predictive of firesetting status were examined using hierarchical logistic regression. Findings Twenty-five percent of participants (n = 60) reported igniting a deliberate fire. Logistic regression was used to examine the ability of parental supervision and behavioural issues (e.g., witnessing domestic violence, experimenting with fire before age 10 and family history of firesetting), antisocial behaviours (e.g., having criminal friends, impulsivity, teenage access to fire paraphernalia, skipping class more than once per week, taken any illegal drugs and participation in criminal behaviour) and fire-related interests, attitudes and propensities in predicting firesetting status. Factors found to distinguish firesetting and non-firesetting participants included the following: experimented with fire before 10 years of age, family history of firesetting, impulsivity, teenage access to fire paraphernalia, participation in criminal behaviour and the Fire Setting Scale. Practical implications The results provide key information about potential risk factors relating to un-apprehended firesetting in the general population. Originality/value This research adds to the small body of literature examining firesetting in the general population. It refines previously used methodologies, presents the first research study to examine the prevalence of firesetting behaviour in emerging adults and enhances our understanding of un-apprehended firesetting.


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