Psychopathy – a Neurobiological Perspective

Background.Diagnostic and conceptual issues relating to psychopathy are widely debated, but advances in our understanding of the aetiology are limited.Method.A PSYCHLIT computerised database search of publications covering five decades was supplemented by tracing back through references from existing review work.Results.Over 200 articles were extracted, and 95 were selected for review.Conclusions.It is timely to evaluate the rôle of brain dysfunction. Biological determinants are under-researched and the lack of consistency in operational definitions in published research precludes anything more than tentative conclusions about the genetic, biochemical or electrophysiological correlates of psychopathy and antisocial behaviour. A multi-modal research programme is required in the search for a comprehensive model of psychopathy that can guide both research efforts and clinical interventions.

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The Role of Diabetes Mellitus in Diseases of the Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399816666200305094727 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 931-948

Author(s):

Benjamin Rahmani ◽

Jason Gandhi ◽

Gunjan Joshi ◽

Noel L. Smith ◽

Inefta Reid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Neuropathy ◽

Gallbladder Cancer ◽

Biliary Tract ◽

Treatment Approach ◽

Database Search ◽

Heavy Burden ◽

Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide continues to pose a heavy burden. Though its gastrointestinal impact is appropriately recognized, the lesser known associations may be overlooked. Objective: We aim to review the negative implications of diabetes on the gallbladder and the biliary tract. Methods: A MEDLINE® database search of literature was conducted with emphasis on the previous five years, combining keywords such as "diabetes," "gallbladder," and "biliary". Results: The association of diabetes to the formation of gallstones, gallbladder cancer, and cancer of the biliary tract are discussed along with diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Though we uncover the role of diabetic neuropathy in gallbladder and biliary complications, the specific individual diabetic risk factors behind these developments is unclear. Also, in addition to diabetes control and surgical gallbladder management, the treatment approach also requires further focus.

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A Comprehensive Model of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking in Adolescence: The Role of Attachment Style and Personality

The Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1080/00223980.2021.1934374 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Marianna Masiero ◽

Ilaria Cutica ◽

Ketti Mazzocco ◽

Anna Zunino ◽

Mark Cropley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Attachment Style ◽

Comprehensive Model ◽

Tobacco Cigarette

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Polychaete Diversity Related to Different Mesophotic Bioconstructions along the Southeastern Italian Coast

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13060239 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Maria Flavia Gravina ◽

Cataldo Pierri ◽

Maria Mercurio ◽

Carlotta Nonnis Marzano ◽

Adriana Giangrande

Keyword(s):

Circulation Pattern ◽

High Turnover ◽

The North ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Biological Determinants ◽

High Species Richness ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

Current Circulation ◽

Italian Coast

In the different mesophotic bioconstructions recently found along the Southeastern Italian coast, polychaetes have been proved to show high species richness and diversity, hitherto never investigated. In the present study, the species composition and functional role of polychaete assemblages were analysed; the updated key to identification of the Mediterranean species of genus Eunice was presented and some taxonomic issues were also discussed. On the total of 70 species Serpulidae and Eunicida were the dominant polychaetes. Facing similar levels of α-diversity, the polychaete assemblages showed a high turnover of species along the north-south gradient, clearly according to the current circulation pattern, as well as to the different bioconstructors as biological determinants. Indeed, Serpulidae were dominant on the mesophotic bioconstructions primarily formed by the deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte cochlear, while the Eunicida prevailed on the mesophotic bioconstructions mainly built by scleractinians. Lastly, the record of Eunice dubitata was the first for the Mediterranean and Italian fauna and proved this species to be characteristic of mesophotic bioconstructions.

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Entrepreneurial ecosystems: Founding figures and research frontiers in economic geography

Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie ◽

10.1515/zfw-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (2-4) ◽

pp. 55-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Susann Schäfer ◽

Heike Mayer

Keyword(s):

Economic Geography ◽

Unique Contribution ◽

Special Issue ◽

Entrepreneurial Ecosystem ◽

Ongoing Debate ◽

Entrepreneurial Ecosystems ◽

Published Research ◽

Research Frontiers

Abstract The editorial for the special issue on entrepreneurial ecosystems summarizes the ongoing debate on the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept and portrays the backgrounds of founding figures of the concept. It traces the unique contribution of this issue with regard to recently published research. The contributions deal with the measurement of and the role of specific actors and institutions in entrepreneurial ecosystems.

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Ethnicity and Voting Patterns in South Africa

Political Studies ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9248.1979.tb01215.x ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 458-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Henry Lever

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

South African ◽

Categorical Data ◽

Economic Status ◽

Party Choice ◽

Political Choices ◽

Electoral Behaviour ◽

Log Linear ◽

Published Research

There is some controversy concerning the role of ethnicity in South African electoral behaviour. Since the society is segmented on ethnic lines it is to be expected that ethnicity would play a crucial role in affecting political choices. Some writers have gone so far as to suggest that ethnicity is the only significant factor affecting voting preferences. The controversy arose at a time when Goodman's method of log-linear analysis for hierarchical models had not yet been developed. This method provides the most powerful tool available for the multivariate analysis of categorical data. A re-analysis of previously published research using Goodman's method shows that ethnicity is not the only significant factor having a bearing on voting preferences. The first four-way table of voting preferences in South Africa is presented. The order of importance of the variables affecting party choice is: (1) ethnicity (2) socio-economic status (3) age of the voter. The recursive model suggested by the analysis explains approximately 98 per cent of the data.

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Co-operation as a Conditional Strategy among Peers: Influence of Social Ecology and Kin Relations

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/016502549601900104 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 39-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Peter J. LaFreniere

Keyword(s):

Peer Relations ◽

Research Programme ◽

Conditional Strategy ◽

Social Unit ◽

Kin Relations ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

The Individual ◽

Developmental Significance ◽

The Relationship

The goal of this study is to analyse sources of variation, residing within the individual or within the relationship, in the ability to balance co-operative and competitive behaviours in a dyadic context. The ability to balance these two tendencies can be considered fundamental to successful adaptation within a social unit because co-operation may be essential in raising offspring, competing with other groups or in generating resources, whereas egoistic behaviour may protect the individual from exploitation or otherwise enhance reproductive success. Research is reviewed on the influence of social structures and relationships on co-operation in peer groups, and the origin and developmental significance of individual differences in co-operative abilities. Finally, a research programme investigating the conjunction of kin and peer relations is described, emphasising the role of affective synchrony, behavioural contingency, and reciprocity in shaping and sustaining co-operative behaviour as a conditional strategy.

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Publishing Productivity in Sport Psychology 1970–2000: An Exploratory Examination of the Lotka-Price Law

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.25.4.477 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 477-483 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Joseph Baker ◽

Jennifer Robertson-Wilson ◽

Whitney Sedgwick

Keyword(s):

Sport Psychology ◽

Scientific Productivity ◽

Eminent Scientist ◽

Research Papers ◽

Limited Support ◽

The Impact ◽

Published Research ◽

Shed Light

The current study examined whether the distribution of published research papers in the field of sport psychology followed the Lotka-Price Law of scientific productivity. All authors who had published articles in five sport psychology journals from 1970 to 2000 were considered. The impact of those authors was determined by the total number of published papers in all journals. Results provided limited support for the Lotka-Price Law; however, it appeared that the field of sport psychology was less elitist than other fields. Although these findings suggest that productivity in this field is similar to that in other fields of science, more research is needed to shed light on the role of the eminent scientist and the average researcher in the advancement of knowledge in sport psychology.

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Urban Adolescence: The Role of Neighbourhood Greenspace in Mental Well-Being

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.712065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marie A. E. Mueller ◽

Eirini Flouri

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Urban Adolescents ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Antisocial Behaviour ◽

Positive Mood ◽

Well Being ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Uk ◽

Mental Well Being

Mental health and well-being in adolescence are associated with many short- and long-term outcomes. The evidence suggests that greenspace may play a role in adolescents' mental well-being, but we do not know much about the specifics of this link. In this paper, we investigated the role of other factors in the association. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the role of neighbourhood greenspace in emotional and behavioural outcomes in 11-year-old urban adolescents participating in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 4,534). We used linear regression models to test for an association of greenspace with self-esteem, happiness, positive mood, negative mood, and antisocial behaviour. We also investigated effect modification/moderation by garden access, physical activity, and perceived area safety. We did not find a main effect of greenspace, but we did find interaction effects. First, in adolescents without a garden, higher levels of greenspace were associated with lower levels of self-esteem and positive mood. Second, in adolescents who reported lower levels of physical activity, higher levels of greenspace were associated with lower levels of negative mood. Third, in adolescents who perceived their areas to be unsafe, higher levels of greenspace were associated with higher levels of antisocial behaviour. Our findings suggest that merely more greenspace in the neighbourhood may not be sufficient to promote the mental well-being of urban adolescents in the UK. However, greenspace does seem to have an influence under certain conditions which should be investigated further in future studies.

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A Critical Review on Clinical Manifestations of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Solution through Physical Activity

International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research ◽

10.47070/ijapr.v9i7.2006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 88-93

Author(s):

Charu Bansal ◽

Rachna Jain ◽

Umesh Shukla ◽

Smita Paul

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

World Health ◽

Health Organization ◽

And Control ◽

Published Research ◽

Healthy Behaviour

Diabesity term recently coined in medical field because of the very close epidemiological and pathogenic associations between central obesity and Type 2DM. Material and Methods: This review is based on data collected from published research works in various journals. Observations and Results: cited based on research reviews to find out risk odds of obesity and physical inactivity and initiation of type 2 diabetes with solutions based on improve physical activity. Conclusion: Counseling would be one of the best strategies to opt physical exercise with moderate and vigorous intensity recommended as world health organization as healthy behaviour to prevent and control of type 2 diabetes. Thus, Present write up is an effort to critically evaluate and assess the published research data on obesity and its association with development of type 2 diabetes and role of Physical exercises for prevention and control of type 2 DM as its solution with research evidences.

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