Firesetting among 18-23 year old un-apprehended adults: a UK community study

Purpose This study aims to assess the prevalence of firesetting in a sample of young UK adults aged 18 to 23 years and to compare their characteristics with non-firesetting individuals. Design/methodology/approach Two-hundred and forty male (n = 119, 49.6%) and female (n = 121, 50.4%) participants were recruited through Prolific Academic. Comparisons were made between self-reported firesetting and non-firesetting participants on a range of demographic, fire-related and personality measures. Factors predictive of firesetting status were examined using hierarchical logistic regression. Findings Twenty-five percent of participants (n = 60) reported igniting a deliberate fire. Logistic regression was used to examine the ability of parental supervision and behavioural issues (e.g., witnessing domestic violence, experimenting with fire before age 10 and family history of firesetting), antisocial behaviours (e.g., having criminal friends, impulsivity, teenage access to fire paraphernalia, skipping class more than once per week, taken any illegal drugs and participation in criminal behaviour) and fire-related interests, attitudes and propensities in predicting firesetting status. Factors found to distinguish firesetting and non-firesetting participants included the following: experimented with fire before 10 years of age, family history of firesetting, impulsivity, teenage access to fire paraphernalia, participation in criminal behaviour and the Fire Setting Scale. Practical implications The results provide key information about potential risk factors relating to un-apprehended firesetting in the general population. Originality/value This research adds to the small body of literature examining firesetting in the general population. It refines previously used methodologies, presents the first research study to examine the prevalence of firesetting behaviour in emerging adults and enhances our understanding of un-apprehended firesetting.

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Correlation between Restless Leg Syndrome and Superficial Venous Reflux

International Journal of Angiology ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1730447 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron R. Dezube ◽

Jake Rauh ◽

Michael Dezube ◽

Mark Iafrati ◽

JoAnn Rigo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Lower Extremity ◽

Symptom Improvement ◽

Venous Disease ◽

Restless Leg Syndrome ◽

Venous Reflux ◽

Common Cause ◽

History Of ◽

Prospective Trials

AbstractRestless leg syndrome (RLS) is a common cause of lower extremity discomfort. We hypothesized that patients with RLS symptoms have higher rates of deep and superficial venous reflux (SVR). Retrospective review of patients ≥18 years of age evaluated in a venous center from December 2018 to February 2019. Differences in rates of RLS symptoms, demographics, comorbidities, and clinical and radiologic presence of venous disease were analyzed. Overall, 207 patients were analyzed; 140 (67.6%) reported RLS symptoms (n = 25 with prior RLS diagnosis). RLS symptoms were more common with superficial or combined superficial and deep venous reflux (DVR) compared with those without reflux (p < 0.001). Patients with RLS symptoms as opposed to those without had similar demographics and comorbidities (all p > 0.05) but increased rates of venous pain, phlebitis, family history of venous disease, lower extremity swelling and SVR, and combined SVR and DVR (all p < 0.05). Our multivariable logistic regression found presence of SVR, and family history of venous reflux was associated with RLS symptomatology (all p < 0.001). Ninety-nine patients with RLS underwent ablation; of them, 93 had duplex-proven reflux resolution of which 81 (87%) reported RLS symptom improvement. This included 13 of 16 (81.3%) with prior RLS diagnosis. SVR is associated with increased rates of RLS symptoms in a vein center population. Therefore, RLS symptoms should trigger a targeted venous evaluation. Our results suggest that venous ablation may lead to resolution of RLS symptoms in patients with SVR, but randomized prospective trials with strict RLS definition criteria are warranted to confirm these outcomes.

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Current implications for the efficacy of noninvasive screening for occult intracranial aneurysms in patients with a family history of aneurysms

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1995.83.1.0042 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 42-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Nancy A. Obuchowski ◽

Michael T. Modic ◽

Michele Magdinec

Keyword(s):

Family History ◽

Natural History ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Intracranial Aneurysms ◽

Positive Family History ◽

Aneurysm Rupture ◽

Average Life Expectancy ◽

Content Type ◽

Rupture Rate ◽

History Of

✓ Although the technology exists for accurate noninvasive screening for intracranial aneurysms, the efficacy of screening depends on several key parameters of the natural history of aneurysms. Recent studies suggest that the prevalence of intracranial aneurysms may reach 20% in the subpopulation of patients with a family history of these lesions; other key parameters are less certain. The authors investigated factors that impact the efficacy of screening to establish interim guidelines. Three plausible models for the natural history of aneurysms were constructed. For each model the monetary cost of screening and the average gain in life expectancy were computed for a range of screening ages and prevalence rates. It is shown that the efficacy of screening depends on the pattern of aneurysm rupture. If aneurysms develop and rupture rapidly, then screening has no benefit. On the other hand, if aneurysms remain at risk for some time after formation, then screening may improve average life expectancy depending on when it occurs. The authors recommend that patients with a positive family history of aneurysms who are 30 years of age or younger be screened. This recommendation is based on the belief that the gains attributable to screening, assuming a constant rupture rate, outweigh the losses attributable to screening using a decreasing rupture rate model.

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Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents with obesity: a nationwide study in Sweden

BMC Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12916-020-1498-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Louise Lindberg ◽

Emilia Hagman ◽

Pernilla Danielsson ◽

Claude Marcus ◽

Martina Persson

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family History ◽

General Population ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽

Obesity Treatment ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

History Of ◽

Anxiety Depression

Abstract Background Anxiety and depression are more common in children with obesity than in children of normal weight, but it is unclear whether this association is independent of other known risk factors. Interpretation of results from previous studies is hampered by methodological limitations, including self-reported assessment of anxiety, depression, and anthropometry. The aim of this study was to investigate whether obesity increases the risk of anxiety or depression independently of other risk factors in a large cohort of children and adolescents, using robust measures with regard to exposure and outcome. Methods Children aged 6–17 years in the Swedish Childhood Obesity Treatment Register (BORIS, 2005–2015) were included (n = 12,507) and compared with a matched group (sex, year of birth, and area of residence) from the general population (n = 60,063). The main outcome was a diagnosis of anxiety or depression identified through ICD codes or dispensed prescribed medication within 3 years after the end of obesity treatment. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from Cox proportional models were adjusted for several known confounders. Results Obesity remained a significant risk factor for anxiety and depression in children and adolescents after adjusting for Nordic background, neuropsychiatric disorders, family history of anxiety/depression, and socioeconomic status. Girls in the obesity cohort had a 43% higher risk of anxiety and depression compared to girls in the general population (adjusted HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.31–1.57; p < 0.0001). The risk in boys with obesity was similar (adjusted HR 1.33, 95% CI 1.20–1.48; p < 0.0001). In sensitivity analyses, excluding subjects with neuropsychiatric disorders and a family history of anxiety/depression, the estimated risks in individuals with obesity were even higher compared with results from the main analyses (adjusted HR [95% CI]: girls = 1.56 [1.31–1.87], boys = 2.04 [1.64–2.54]). Conclusions Results from this study support the hypothesis that obesity per se is associated with risk of both anxiety and depression in children and adolescents.

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Study of Risk Factors Associated with Suicide Attempt in Patients with Bipolar Disorder Type I

Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1709347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (02) ◽

pp. 291-298

Author(s):

Karthick Subramanian ◽

Vikas Menon ◽

Siddharth Sarkar ◽

Vigneshvar Chandrasekaran ◽

Nivedhitha Selvakumar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Type I ◽

Factors Associated ◽

History Of

Abstract Background Suicide is the leading contributor to mortality in bipolar disorder (BD). A history of suicidal attempt is a robust predictive marker for future suicide attempts. Personality profiles and coping strategies are the areas of contemporary research in bipolar suicides apart from clinical and demographic risk factors. However, similar research in developing countries is rarer. Objectives The present study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with suicidal attempts in BD type I (BD-I). Materials and Methods Patients with BD-I currently in clinical remission (N = 102) were recruited. Sociodemographic details and the clinical data were collected using a semistructured pro forma. The psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0. The National Institute of Mental Health–Life Chart Methodology Clinician Retrospective Chart was used to chart the illness course. Presumptive Stressful Life Events Scale, Coping Strategies Inventory Short Form, Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire, Past Feelings and Acts of Violence, and Barratt Impulsivity scale were used to assess the patient’s stress scores, coping skills, aggression, violence, and impulsivity, respectively. Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics were used for demographic details and characteristics of the illness course. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors for lifetime suicide attempt in BD-I. Results A total of 102 patients (males = 49 and females = 53) with BD-I were included. Thirty-seven subjects (36.3%) had a history of suicide attempt. The illness course in suicide attempters more frequently had an index episode of depression, was encumbered with frequent mood episodes, especially in depression, and had a higher propensity for psychiatric comorbidities. On binary logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (ORs) for predicting a suicide attempt were highest for positive family history of suicide (OR: 13.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28–145.38, p = 0.030), followed by the presence of an index depressive episode (OR: 6.88, 95% CI: 1.70–27.91, p = 0.007), and lower scores on problem-focused disengagement (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56–0.92, p = 0.009). Conclusion BD-I patients with lifetime suicide attempt differ from non-attempters on various course-related and temperamental factors. However, an index episode depression, family history of suicide, and lower problem-focused engagement can predict lifetime suicide attempt in patients with BD-I.

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Acute MI in a Secondary Hospital in Bangladesh

Cardiovascular Journal ◽

10.3329/cardio.v12i2.47985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

Mohammad Ullah ◽

Suman Kumar Saha ◽

Md Toufiqur Rahman ◽

Md Abdul Karim ◽

Rashid Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Family History ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

General Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Secondary Hospital

Background: Incidence of noncommunicable disease, specially cardiovascular diseases, is increasing in Bangladesh. Prevalence of risk factors in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in different tertiary hospitals and institutes. This study was done in a secondary hospital with a patient population mainly of low socioeconomic condition and was compared with other patient groups of the country and Indian subcontinent. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in Manikganj Sadar Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019. All the patients admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) were included. Cardiovascular risk factors, like smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia and obesity, were evaluated among the patients. Results: This cross-sectional study showed most of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years. 66% of the male patients and 2% of the female patients were smoker. 66% of the patients were hypertensive, 44% patients were diabetic, 28.5% patients were overweight, 60.4% patients had total cholesterol > 200mg/dl, 73.6% patients had LDL>130 mg/dl, 110 76.3% patients had HDL < 40 mg/ dl, 72.2% had triglyceride >150 mg/dl and 39% patients had family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Ninety (62.5%) patients had anterior MI, 50 (34.7%) patients had inferior MI and 4 (2.7%) patients had NSTEMI. 65 patients had no major risk factor and 57 % had three or more risk factors. Conclusion: The study population was more aged in comparison to other studies conducted in different parts of Bangladesh. Prevalence of smoking habit was lower but the prevalence of HTN, DM and dyslipidaemia were higher than the general population and other cohorts of MI patients. The prevalence of major risk factors was much higher than the general population of Bangladesh. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 96-101

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Social, Environmental and Biological Determinants of Cerebral Palsy in Children with Intellectual Disabilities (ID) in India

Nepal Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.3126/nje.v3i3.9187 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 262-268

Author(s):

R Lakhan

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Cerebral Palsy ◽

Intellectual Disability ◽

Family History ◽

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Comorbid Conditions ◽

Downs Syndrome ◽

History Of ◽

Biological Determinants ◽

Social Environmental

Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a global public health problem affecting 2.12 to 2.45 per 1000 live birth across the world. Cerebral palsy is an upper motor neuron, non-progressive disorder commonly associated with intellectual disability. The presence of cerebral palsy effects person’s overall life. Objectives This study primarily sought predictive capacity of social, environmental and biological determinants of CP in ID. Materials and Methods This is a cross-sectional study design. A total of 262 children, aged 3 to 18 years, with ID were assessed for cerebral palsy and diagnosed on basis of clinical examination in a community based rehabilitation project in Barwani, India. Information was collected by parent interviews, on social, environmental and biological determinants. A logistic regression model has been applied between determinants and CP. Results Logistic regression demonstrated that likelihood of CP in ID children can be predicted on bases of their age (odd ratio = 0.856, CI 95% - 0.76-0.95), intelligence quotients (IQ) (odd ratio = 0.782, CI 95% - 0.73-0.83) and family history of intellectual disabilities (odd ratio = 0.051, CI 95% - 2.36 -0.99) and epilepsy (odd ratio = 0.008, CI 95% - 2.58-1.28). Comorbid conditions of downs syndrome and epilepsy also predicts likelihood of CP in ID. Conclusion Likelihood of CP in ID children can be predicted by their age, IQ, family history of intellectual disability, epilepsy and comorbid conditions of downs syndrome and epilepsy. Gender, socio-economic status and population (tribal versus non-tribal) determinants have no predictive relation with CP in the group. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nje.v3i3.9187 Nepal Journal of Epidemiology 2013;3(3): 262-268

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Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviors, and Hypertension in a Rural Northern Thailand Population

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa053_075 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 870-870

Author(s):

Celina Morales ◽

Pimbucha Rusmevichientong

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Regression Model ◽

Logistic Regression Model ◽

Salt Intake ◽

Dietary Salt ◽

Chiang Mai ◽

Attitudes And Behaviors ◽

History Of

Abstract Objectives The objectives of this study were to examine the dietary salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors associated with the prevalence of hypertension among adults residing in rural Northern Thailand. Methods A cross-sectional study utilizing convenience sampling was administered in San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai, Thailand. The one-on-one interview was conducted to assess subject's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors relating to their dietary salt intake. Various food frequencies for foods high in salt were also measured. Each subject's blood pressure was measured twice before and after the interview. A logistic regression model was used in the analysis to determine potential hypertension risk factors. Results A total of 403 adults participated in the study. A majority of participants were female (73.2%), and the average age was 62.5 years old. Half of participants reported a family history of hypertension and 32% of participants were hypertensive. The major results from the logistic regression model indicated positive attitudes towards decreasing salt intake lead to a lower chance of becoming hypertensive (OR = 0.934). However, a family history of high blood pressure (OR = 1.417), a higher knowledge score about foods high in salt (OR = 1.254), daily use of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in food preparation (OR = 1.959) and buying outside food to eat at home (OR = 5.692) lead to a higher chance of becoming hypertensive. Conclusions Our findings suggest higher knowledge does not decrease the chance of becoming hypertensive. However, there is a positive association between hypertension and dietary salt-related behaviors among adults living in rural Thai communities. More specifically, salt-reduction interventions should focus on promoting home-cooked meal preparation with lower salt substitutes to MSG. Funding Sources NIMHD Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Training Program (MHRT), California State University, Fullerton (Department of Public Health) and Chiang Mai University (Department of Community Medicine).

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Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Associated Factors among Women Attending Delivery Service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Tepi General Hospital and Gebretsadik Shawo Hospital, Southwest, Ethiopia

Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/ejhs.v29i1.4 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tesfaye Abera Gudeta ◽

Tilahun Mekonnen Regassa

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family History ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Kidney Diseases ◽

University Teaching ◽

P Value ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Delivery Service ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

History Of

BACKGROUND: Disorders of pregnancy induced hypertensive are a major health problem in the obstetric population as they are one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The World Health Organization estimates that at least one woman dies every seven minutes from complications of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The objective of this study is to assess pregnancy induced hypertension and its associated factors among women attending delivery service at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital, Gebretsadikshawo Hospital and Tepi General Hospital.METHODS: A health facility based cross-sectional study was carried out from October 01 to November 30/2016. The total sample size (422) was proportionally allocated to the three hospitals. Systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Variables with p-value of less than 0.25 in binary logistic regression were entered into the multivariable logistic regression to control cofounding. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.RESULTS: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension was 33(7.9%); of which 5(15.2%) were gestational hypertension, 12 (36.4%) were mild preeclampsia, 15(45.5%) were severe preeclampsia and 1 (3%) eclampsia. Positive family history of pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR5.25 (1.39-19.86)], kidney diseases (AOR 3.32(1.04-10.58)), having asthma [AOR 37.95(1.41-1021)] and gestational age (AOR 0.096(0.04-.23)) were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension among women attending delivery service was 7.9%. Having family history of pregnancy induced hypertension, chronic kidney diseases and gestational age were predictors of pregnancy induced hypertension.

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Spinal arterial malformation in a child with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1976.44.5.0613 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 613-616 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Glen S. Merry ◽

D. Barry Appleton

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Family History ◽

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽

Cauda Equina ◽

Content Type ◽

Cauda Equina Compression ◽

History Of ◽

Spinal Aneurysm ◽

Arterial Malformation ◽

Fine Print

✓ A case is reported of spinal aneurysm in a child with a family history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia causing spinal cord and cauda equina compression. The operative approach is discussed.

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Risk Factors for Ischaemic Stroke in an Omani Community

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.4.2021.043 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shyam Sundar Ganguly ◽

Arunodaya R. Gujjar ◽

Hasina Al Harthi ◽

Amal Al Hashmi ◽

Sanjay Jaju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Family History ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Case Control ◽

High Density ◽

History Of

Objectives: Stroke is recognized to be the third most common cause of mortality, with increasing incidence among developing countries. Recognition and control of risk factors is of prime importance in the prevention of stroke. We aimed to study the characteristics of ischemic stroke (IS) patients in Oman, and quantify its various risk factors using a case-control model. Methods: This study conducted from January 2012 to March 2013 included 255 adult Omani patients with IS admitted to two premier hospitals in Oman, compared to 255 age- and gender-matched controls. Demographic factors and frequency of various conventional risk factors were documented. Univariate and step-wise multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to evaluate the risk factors associated for IS. Results: Of the 255 cases, 63% were males. The mean age was 62.2 ± 13.2 years. Most of the cases (89%) were above 45 years of age. Cardio-embolism(32%) was the commonest mechanism of IS. The stepwise multiple logistic regression model revealed that family history of stroke was the strongest independent risk factor with odds ratio (OR) of 10.10, followed by hypertension with OR of 5.17 and high-density lipoprotein with OR 3.34 (p< 0.01). Conclusions: Cardio-embolism was the predominant mechanism of IS in this study. Family history of stroke, hypertension and reduced high-density lipoprotein were the leading independent risk factors. Strong emphasis on screening for risk factors, control of hypertension and life-style modification for those with family history of stroke, would be expected to emerge as the major stroke-preventive measures in Oman. Keywords: Ischemic stroke; Risk factors; Case-control study; Oman.

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