Concorrenza e regolazione nel settore ferroviario: l'importanza del materiale rotabile

2009 ◽  
pp. 47-72
Author(s):  
Carlo Cambini
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Transport Regulation ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Railway Industry ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Barrier To Entry ◽  
The Uk

- The liberalization process in the railway industry is highly influenced by the availability of rolling stocks. Although these assets are duplicable and cannot therefore be defined as essential facilities, evidence from many countries shows that they represent the most relevant barrier to entry in the market. In this paper, following the UK experience, we analyse the role of the rolling stocks and the hypothesis of a vertical separation of these assets from the present owner, i.e. the incumbent operator Trenitalia SpA. We therefore evaluate the pros and cons of a potential de-integration of the Italian railway industry in order to enhance market competitiveness and the overall efficiency of this industry. . Keywords: railway transport, regulation, competition, essential facilities Parole chiave: trasporto ferroviario, regolazione, concorrenza, asset essenziali . Jel Classification: L43 - L51 - L92

Property valuation in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick French ◽  
Niall Sloane
Keyword(s):  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Property Type ◽  
Valuation Task ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to comment upon the on-going debate about the preferred use of implicit models of valuation vs their explicit counterparts. The last few decades have seen changing complexities in UK leasing structures, and there is a suggestion that the implicit models are incapable of dealing with these complexities. This paper looks to address the issues and concerns with implicit models. Design/methodology/approach This education briefing is an overview of the pros and cons of both models and collates comments from industry to give an indication of the use of each model. Findings This paper analyses the appropriateness of implicit models of valuation and the areas in which they prove useful. Although the explicit models prove to be more useful in certain situations, the implicit models are also proved just as useful. The appropriate model needs to be used as appropriate to the property type. Practical implications Rather than seeing implicit and explicit models as “rivals”, they should be seen as two sides of the same coin. Both have advantages and disadvantages. The role of the valuer in practice is to choose the correct model for the valuation task in hand. Originality/value This is a review of existing models.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence in the Service of the State: Pros and Cons

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Roman Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Technology ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Integral Element ◽  
The Uk

The purpose of the article is to identify the advantages of introducing artificial intelligence into life and potential threats to its use using the example of leading countries in this field - the USA, China and the UK. Research methods such as case herds and comparative studies have been chosen as the main ones. With their help, the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the field of politics and public administration, domestic and foreign policy and ensuring national security was analyzed. The goals of using artificial intelligence technologies in the power and management sphere of different countries are indicated. The scope of artificial intelligence technologies application is considered. The role of the National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence in Russia, adopted in 2019, was noted. Arguments are formulated "for" and "against" the use of artificial intelligence. It is stated that at present artificial intelligence has become an integral element of state and social development. Over time, it will only gain momentum and once again become a topic for discussions of scientists, politicians and public figures, as artificial intelligence technology gradually become part of the life of society.

Management of deradicalisation in the UK: reflections of a clinical psychologist

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feryad A. Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
Healthcare Team ◽  
Psychosocial Issues ◽  
Muslim Community ◽  
Home Office ◽  
Terrorist Groups ◽  
Violent Action ◽  
Clinical Counselling ◽  
The Uk

Radicalisation to violent action is not just a problem in foreign lands. Research has identified numerous politico–psychosocial factors to explain why young people from the UK are now joining terrorist groups such as ISIS. Our understanding has been expanded by the accounts of “returnees” who have subsequently either self-deradicalised or joined a government deradicalisation programme in the role of an Intervention Provider (IP). These individuals are now key to the deradicalisation programme. This article presents the reflections of a clinical psychologist who worked within a social healthcare team managing psychosocial issues related to radicalisation, in conjunction with an allocated IP. The project involved individuals from the Muslim community and, as such, issues discussed are specific to this group. It is acknowledged that the process in general is universally applicable to all groups though specifics may vary (under Trust agreement, details may not be discussed). This article also aims to share basic information on the current Home Office deradicalisation programme and raises questions about the current intervention. It also offers reflections on how the work of IPs may be facilitated and supported by clinical/counselling psychologists and psychotherapists.

ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE BANKING SECTOR

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svitlana Ilkovych ◽  
◽  
Maryna Korol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Banking ◽  
Banking Institutions ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Further Development

The article considers the essence of blockchain technology and the possibility of its application in the banking sector. The current state of development and application of blockchain technologies in various industries is analyzed. The pros and cons of using blockchain technologies for the banking sector are identified. Emphasis is placed on the role of blockchain technologies in the further development of the banking sector. The most promising directions of development of this technology are considered. Particular attention is paid to examples of the use of blockchain technology by global banking institutions.

Monitoring the marine environment for small round structured viruses (SRSVS): a new approach to combating the transmission of these viruses by molluscan shellfish

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Henshilwood ◽  
J. Green ◽  
D. N. Lees
Keyword(s):  
Enteric Virus ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cloning And Sequencing ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Human Enteric Virus ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Public Health Protection

This study investigates human enteric virus contamination of a shellfish harvesting area. Samples were analysed over a 14-month period for Small Round Structured Viruses (SRSVs) using a previously developed nested RT-PCR. A clear seasonal difference was observed with the largest numbers of positive samples obtained during the winter period (October to March). This data concurs with the known winter association of gastroenteric illness due to oyster consumption in the UK and also with the majority of the outbreaks associated with shellfish harvested from this area during the study period. RT-PCR positive amplicons were further characterised by cloning and sequencing. Sequence analysis of the positive samples identified eleven SRSV strains, of both Genogroup I and Genogroup II, occurring throughout the study period. Many shellfish samples contained a mixture of strains with a few samples containing up to three different strains with both Genogroups represented. The observed common occurrence of strain mixtures may have implications for the role of shellfish as a vector for dissemination of SRSV strains. These results show that nested RT-PCR can identify SRSV contamination in shellfish harvesting areas. Virus monitoring of shellfish harvesting areas by specialist laboratories using RT-PCR is a possible approach to combating the transmission of SRSVs by molluscan shellfish and could potentially offer significantly enhanced levels of public health protection.

Environmental DNA for functional diversity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Taberlet ◽  
Aurélie Bonin ◽  
Lucie Zinger ◽  
Eric Coissac
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Soil Organisms ◽  
Meaningful Information ◽  
Dna Metabarcoding ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Target Community

Chapter 10 “Environmental DNA for functional diversity” discusses the potential of environmental DNA to assess functional diversity. It first focuses on DNA metabarcoding and discusses the extent to which this approach can be used and/or optimized to retrieve meaningful information on the functions of the target community. This knowledge usually involves coarsely defined functional groups (e.g., woody, leguminous, graminoid plants; shredders or decomposer soil organisms; pathogenicity or decomposition role of certain microorganisms). Chapter 10 then introduces metagenomics and metatranscriptomics approaches, their advantages, but also the challenges and solutions to appropriately sampling, sequencing these complex DNA/RNA populations. Chapter 10 finally presents several strategies and software to analyze metagenomes/metatranscriptomes, and discusses their pros and cons.

Units of measurement

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Pacchioni
Keyword(s):  
Impact Factor ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
H Index ◽  
Units Of Measurement ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Eugene Garfield ◽  
Citation Metrics

This chapter discusses how performance is measured in science, such as through the role of citation metrics. Next, the chapter discusses the pros and cons of bibliometric indexes, and of ‘impact factor’, which was introduced by Eugene Garfield in 1955 but not widely used until twenty years later. The various ways that journals attempt to improve their impact factors, and how this will affect science, are also examined. Besides impact factor, the role played by indicators in evaluating scientists, such as the recently introduced h-index, is explored. Finally, fashions and trends in science are touched upon, illustrated with personal anecdotes from the author.

Reshaping the Economic Structure in Argentina: The Role of External Debt during the Macri Administration (2015–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 048661342097642
Author(s):  
Juan E. Santarcángelo ◽  
Juan Manuel Padín
Keyword(s):  
External Debt ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Financial Capital ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Long Term Effects

Argentina’s right-wing shift in the 2015 presidential election concluded twelve years of center-left rule. The elected president, Mauricio Macri, claimed that the economy would experience normalization of existing imbalances and recover its strength in a “new political era.” However, the new administration quickly restored the dominance of neoliberal economic policies through a comprehensive set of initiatives, which centrally included the return to international financial debt and equity markets and submission to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) rules. This article analyzes Argentina’s external-debt-growth process and discusses its objectives and long-term effects. This paper posits that the indebtedness process carried out by the Macri administration—and its modality—not only increased the relevance of financial capital in the Argentine economy but also structurally conditioned any future nonorthodox alternative path of development. This outcome cannot be understood without taking into account the deliberate role of the United States, the IMF, and the top companies that operate in Argentina, as well as the complicity of many political sectors. JEL Classification: H63, F34, F63

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