Influence of growing conditions on leaf surface formation and photosynthetic potential of sunflower hybrids

Most leaves of plants are hydrophobic or even superhydrophobic. Surprisingly the leaves of the tropical herb of Ruellia devosiana Makoy ex E. Morr. Hort. (Acanthaceae) are superamphiphilic. Water droplets (10 µL) spread to a film with a contact angle of zero degree within less than 0.3 s. Such surfaces with a high affinity to water are termed superhydrophilic. Droplets of oil applied on R. devosiana leaves and replicas showed a similar spreading behaviour as water. These surfaces are superoleophilic, and in combination with their superhydrophilicity they are called superamphiphilic. Independent of the growing conditions, a reversibility of the superhydrophilicity in R. devosiana leaves was found. Additionally, on 90° tilted leaves a pressure free capillary transport of water occurs against the force of gravity. By using a low pressure environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), the water condensation and evaporation process on the leaves has been observed. The leaf surfaces are composed of five different cell types: conical cells, glands, multicellular hairs, hair-papilla cells and longitudinal expanded, flat epidermis cells, which, in combination with the surrounding papilla cells, form channel like structures. Replication of the leaf surface structure and coating of the replicas with hydrophilic Tween 20 and a water soluble extract gained from the leaf surfaces resulted in artificial surfaces with the same fast water spreading properties as described for the leaves.

Download Full-text

Influence of inoculation on photosynthesis and symbiotic parameters of pea and its crop yield in the conditions of the southern forest steppe of Western Siberia

Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University) ◽

10.31677/2072-6724-2018-48-3-23-30 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 23-30

Author(s):

A. S. Kiselev ◽

N. A. Popolzukhina ◽

P. V. Popolzukhin ◽

Iu. Iu. Parshutkin ◽

A. A. Gaidar

Keyword(s):

Seed Treatment ◽

Western Siberia ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Photosynthetic Potential ◽

Positive Effect

The paper highlights the effect of inoculation by means of biological specimens on formation of photosynthetic parameters, nodule-forming capacities and yield of pea grain. The authors reveal the varieties which mostly respond to the tillage, effective specimens and methods of their application. The researchers explored two varieties of pea as Omskiy 9 and Omskiy 18 and two biological specimens (risotorphine and ruminatine). The study was conducted in the experimental fields of Omsk agricultural research center in 2016-2017 in the following variants: control (without inoculation), inoculation by means of risotorphine, inoculation by ruminatine and combined tillage. The researchers observed different meteorological conditions during the research. The experiments and calculations of the experimental data were carried out by means of general methodics. The positive effect of inoculation on increasing of such parameters as leaf surface index and photosynthetic potential is observed. Active symbiotic potential, number and weight of nodules rhizosphere of pea had a maximum value when being treated by biospecimen ruminatine and combined inoculation of seeds by risotorphine and ruminatine. The authors highlight significant positive relationship between photosynthetic and active symbiotic potential. Inoculation influenced the yield of pea varieties in a different way in the years of research. The results of variance analysis showed that conditions of experiment influenced the yield of varieties – 34.4 %, the proportion of inoculation effect was 25.0 % and genotype – 17,3 %. Omsk 18 variety was characterized by the highest rates of photosynthetic and symbiotic activity. Seed treatment with ruminatine and combined inoculation with risotorphine and ruminatine have impact when growing pea in the conditions of southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia.

Download Full-text

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ НЕКОРНЕВОЙ ПОДКОРМКИ МИКРОЭЛЕМЕНТНЫМИ УДОБРЕНИЯМИ НА УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА ЯРОВОЙ ТРИТИКАЛЕ

Niva Povolzhya ◽

10.36461/np.2020.54.1.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A.N. Kshnikatkina ◽

A.N. Dolzhenko

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Net Productivity ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Spring Triticale ◽

Photosynthetic Potential ◽

Grain Unit

Представлены результаты исследований по влиянию микроэлементных удобрений на формирование урожайности и качество зерна яровой тритикале сорта Укро. Установлено, что микроэлементные удобрения Азосол 36 Экстра, Мегамикс-Азот, Мегамикс-Профи, Цитовит и НаноКремний обеспечили увеличение параметров фотосинтеза агроценозов яровой тритикале. Максимальное значение листовой поверхности 42,5 тыс. м2/га, фотосинтетического потенциала 1,03 млн. м2 дн./га, чистой продуктивности фотосинтеза 6,29 г/м2 в сутки отмечены при двукратной фолиарной подкормке в фазы кущения и колошения препаратом Азосол 36 Экстра. Вследствие применения некорневой подкормки растений микроэлементными удобрениями в хелатной форме наблюдалось повышение урожайности яровой тритикале сорта Укро в совокупности с улучшением технологических свойств зерна. По вариантам опыта, в среднем за три года, урожайность зерна была 3,84-4,43 т/га. Прибавка по отношению к контролю колебалась в пределах 0,42-1,27 т/га (13,3-40,3). Наибольшая урожайность высококачественного зерна 4,43 т/га получена при двукратной подкормке в фазы кущения и колошения препаратом Азосол 36 Экстра, прибавка урожая зерна 1,27 т/га (40,3), натура зерна 796 г/л, стекловидность 63, сырая клейковина 26,2, белка 15,1.The results of studies on the influence of microelement fertilizers on the formation of productivity and grain quality of spring triticale of the Ukro variety are presented. It was found that microelement fertilizers Azosol 36 Extra, Megamix-Azot, Megamix-Profi, Tsitovit and NanoKremny provided an increase in the parameters of photosynthesis of agrocenoses of spring triticale.The maximum value of the leaf surface of 42.5 thousand m2/ha, the photosynthetic potential of 1.03 million m2 d/ ha, the net productivity of photosynthesis of 6.29 g/m2 per day were noted with double foliar dressing during the tillering and heading phases with Azosol 36 Extra. Due to the application of foliar dressing with microelement fertilizers in chelated form, an increase in the yield of spring triticale of the Ukro variety was observed, together with an improvement in the technological properties of grain. According to the experimental variants, on average for three years, the grain yield was 3.84-4.43 t/ha. The increase in relation to the control ranged from 0.42-1.27 t/ha (13.3-40.3). The highest yield of high-quality grain of 4.43 t/ha was obtained by double top dressing at the tillering and heading phases with the use of Azosol 36 Extra an increase in grain yield was 1.27 t/ha (40.3), grain unit - 796 g/l, glassiness - 63, raw gluten - 26.2, protein - 15.1.

Download Full-text

ФОРМУВАННЯ ПЛОЩІ ЛИСТКОВОЇ ПОВЕРХНІ ПОСІВІВ СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СОРТУ, СПОСОБУ СІВБИ ТА НОРМИ ВИСІВУ В УМОВАХ НЕДОСТАТНЬОГО ЗВОЛОЖЕННЯ ЛІСОСТЕПУ

Вісник Полтавської державної аграрної академії ◽

10.31210/visnyk2017.1-2.33 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 167-171

Author(s):

І. І. Лотиш

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Photosynthetic Potential ◽

Planting Method

Одержання максимально можливої для того чи іншого сорту сої продуктивності безпосередньо залежить від складових технологій, які забезпечують формування оптимальної площі листкової поверхні та тривалості її фотосинтетичної активності. Вивчення фотосинтетичного потенціалу посівів сортів сої виявило, що найбільший показник був на ділянках з нормою висіву 800 тис./га: за рядкової сівби – 2,19–2,34 млн м2 дн/га, за широкорядної сівби – 2,16–2,27 млн м2 дн/га. Інтенсивність фотосинтезу залежно від варіантів досліду коливалася: за рядкового способу сівби в межах від 11,55 до 12,40 мг СО2 дм2/год., за широкорядного способу сівби – від 11,33 до 12,06 мг СО2 дм2/год. Залежно від норми висіву та способу сівби листковий індекс становив для сортів відповідно: Романтика – від 3,89 до 4,13 м2 листка/м2, Устя – від 3,88 до 3,99, Ворскла – від 3,80 до 3,92 м2 листка/м2. Getting the maximum possible productivity of any sort of soybeans depends on the component technologies that provide optimal formation of leaf surface and duration of photosynthetic activity. The study of photosynthetic potential of crop soybean sorts showed that the highest rate was in the areas with a seeding rate of 800 thousand/ha: row planting sowing – 2,19–2,34 million m2 days/ha for sowing in wide row – 2,16–2,27 million m2 day/ha. The intensity of photosynthesis depending on the options ranged experiment: the row planting method in the range of 11,55 to 12,40 mg CO2 dm2/day wide row planting way – from 11,33 to 12,06 mg CO2 dm2/h. Depending on the seeding rate and method of sowing was layered index according to the sorts: Romantyka – from 3,89 to 4,13 m2 leaf/m2, Ustya – from 3,88 to 3,99, Vorskla – from 3,80 to 3,92 leaf m2/m2.

Download Full-text

Photosynthetic activity and yield of winter barley plants

сборник статей всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием "Растениеводство и луговодство" ◽

10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-42 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

A.C. Kagermazova A.C. ◽

◽

O.K. Tsagoeva O.K.

Keyword(s):

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Correct Choice ◽

Winter Barley ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Malting Barley ◽

Surface Formation ◽

High Yields

When growing winter malting barley, nitrogen fertilizers, along with the correct choice of varieties, are the most important factor in obtaining high yields and high technological qualities of grain. Our studies have shown that the size and dynamics of leaf surface formation are influenced by the dose and combination of mineral fertilizers. It was determined that the average indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants of the studied varieties are characterized for the better when N30P30 is added to the soil against the background of N45P45K45 in the Mikhailo variety.

Download Full-text

THE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF SHOOTS AND THE FORMATION OF LEAF SURFACE IN CITRUS IN DIFFERENT GROWING CONDITIONS

Book of proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific Conference with International Participation and Schools of Young Scientists "Mechanisms of resistance of plants and microorganisms to unfavorable environmental" (parts I, II) ◽

10.31255/978-5-94797-319-8-245-248 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

S.M. Gulov ◽

H.A. Аbdullaev ◽

M.B. Dadoboeba ◽

R.Sh. Hakimova

Keyword(s):

Leaf Surface ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Growing Conditions

Download Full-text

Gas Exchange of Apple and Blackberry Leaves Treated with a Kaolin Particle Film on Adaxial, Abaxial, or Both Leaf Surfaces

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.42.5.1177 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 42 (5) ◽

pp. 1177-1182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jean-Pierre Privé ◽

Lindsay Russell ◽

Anita LeBlanc

Keyword(s):

Gas Exchange ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Leaf Gas Exchange ◽

Net Photosynthesis ◽

Leaf Temperature ◽

Residue Level ◽

Maritime Provinces ◽

Leaf Residue ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

The Impact

Kaolin particle films are used as a means of pest control in some commercial apple orchards in the Maritime provinces; however, no studies to date have evaluated the impact of these particle films on leaf gas exchange under the region's growing conditions. Also previously unexplored is the gas exchange response of blackberry leaves to kaolin particle films and the question of whether leaf gas exchange response varies according to the leaf surface of particle film application. A study consisting of an apple field trial and a blackberry greenhouse trial was conducted during the 2005 growing season in Bouctouche, New Brunswick, Canada, with the aims of 1) characterizing the leaf temperature and gas exchange responses [net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance (g s), intercellular CO2, and transpiration] of ‘Ginger Gold’ apple [Malus ×sylvestris (L.) Mill var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] leaves to a kaolin particle film (95% kaolin clay) applied at various leaf residue densities under the province's growing conditions, 2) characterizing the leaf temperature and gas exchange responses of ‘Triple Crown’ blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson) leaves to treatment of adaxial or abaxial surfaces with the kaolin particle film at various leaf residue densities, and 3) determining whether the gas exchange response of apple and blackberry leaves to the kaolin particle film varies according to leaf temperature. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken under conditions of ambient CO2, saturated light, moderate (apple) or high (blackberry) relative humidity levels and leaf temperatures ranging from 26 to 39 °C (apple) and 15 to 41 °C (blackberry). When the particle film was applied to both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of apple leaves at kaolin residue densities of 0.5 to 3.7 g·m−2, leaf temperature was reduced by up to 1.1 °C (P = 0.005) and g s was increased (P = 0.029) relative to leaves with trace (<0.5 g·m−2) levels of kaolin deposits. No other effects of kaolin leaf residue density on apple leaf gas exchange were found, nor were any interactions of leaf temperature × residue level (P > 0.05). When applied to a fixed area on the adaxial or abaxial surfaces of blackberry leaves at kaolin residue densities of 0.5 to 10.8 g·m−2, the particle film did not alter leaf temperature or gas exchange (P > 0.05). No interactions of leaf temperature × residue level or leaf temperature × leaf surface × residue level were found to affect blackberry leaf gas exchange (P > 0.05).

Download Full-text

PHOTOSYNTHETIC PRODUCTIVITY OF SINGLE-SPECIES AND COMPATIBLE CROPS OF SUGAR SORGHUM WITH SOYBEANS

Agriculture and Forestry ◽

10.37128/2707-5826-2020-3-7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 81-90

Author(s):

Vasyl Lipovy ◽

Oksana Shevchuk ◽

Oleg Knyazyuk

Keyword(s):

Solar Energy ◽

Surface Area ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Growing Season ◽

Single Species ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Total Leaf ◽

Leaf Surface Area ◽

Photosynthetic Potential ◽

The Impact

The article presents the results of research to assess the impact of technological methods on the productivity of single and compatible crops of sugar sorghum with soybeans, and in particular the methods of sowing and fertilizing. The main organ of the plant that absorbs the most solar energy and has the highest intensity of photosynthesis is the leaf. The use of mineral fertilizers had a positive effect on the total leaf surface. During years of the research with the study methods of sowing and the timing for determination of total leaf surface in areas under mineral fertilizers were applied, it was greater than in areas without fertilizers. Thus, on average for 2018-2019 in the phase of ejection of panicles in areas where sugar sorghum was sown together with soybeans according to the scheme one row of sorghum + one row of soybeans under applying N120P90K120 leaf surface was 30.1 thousand m2/ha, and in areas without fertilizers - 21.0 thousand m2/ha It was found that the largest area of assimilation surface of leaves on average for two years (41.3 thousand m2 / ha) was in the phase of milk ripeness of grain under sowing two rows of sorghum + one row of soybeans and N120P90K120 consumption. For the efficient use of solar energy is important not only the size of the leaf surface area but also the duration of its active work. Photosynthetic potential is used as an indicator for characterizing of the photosynthetic work of crops during the growing season. The maximum value of the photosynthetic potential of sorghum plants on average for two years of research (2018-2019) was obtained at the end of the growing season (2.81 million m2 days/ha) in areas where it was sown together with soybeans in the method of sowing two rows of sorghum + one-row soybeans and under application of N120P90K120 doses. Keywords: Leaf surface area, photosynthetic potential, sugar sorghum, method of sowing, fertilizer.

Download Full-text

The effect of nutritional backgrounds on the formation of leaf surface and yield and green mass of corn

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20201700074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 00074

Author(s):

Marina Yu. Mikhailova ◽

Ivan P. Talanov

Keyword(s):

Mineral Nutrition ◽

Leaf Surface ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Net Income ◽

Green Mass ◽

Photosynthetic Potential ◽

High Yields ◽

The Right

The leading branch of agriculture in Tatarstan is animal husbandry. In animal husbandry, the main direction is the production of milk and cattle meat. In the diet of dairy cows, corn is an integral component. The share of fodder corn in the total cultivated areas is on average 30–35 %. A limiting factor in the cultivation of corn is the lack of macronutrients in the soil. To obtain stable high yields of green mass of corn, it is necessary to choose the right combination of NPK, based on soil indicators. In this regard, it is necessary to improve the mineral nutrition systems of highly productive adaptive maize hybrids. The effect of fertilizers on leaf surface growth and photosynthetic potential in maize crops was studied in the field on gray forest soils of the Volga region of the Republic of Tatarstan. A significant increase in the yield of green mass was found due to the increased level of mineral nutrition of plants. The fertilizer provided an increase in leaf area by 2.6–9.82 thousand m2/ha on the option N60P54K168 and 4.85–14.56 thousand m2/ha in N180P154K294. The maximum value of this indicator was obtained from the Newton hybrid for the interphase period of flowering-milk ripeness on fertilized variants was between 9.79 and 10.23 thousand m2/ha, against 7.07 thousand m2/ha on the control variant. The photosynthetic potential was the highest hybrids (1924.91 and 1956.91 thousand m2 x day/ha for the option of N60P54K168 and 2039.84 and 2066.31 thousand m2 x day/ha for the N180P154K294). Consequently, the planned yields of green mass were obtained on crops of hybrids Flint-200 and Newton 42, 9 and 43.9 t/ha with the introduction of calculated doses of mineral fertilizers at 50 t/ha and 62.6 and 65.3 t/ha against the background of mineral fertilizers at 70 t/ha. Based on the calculations of economic efficiency, it follows that the cultivation of the Newton hybrid against the background of making NPK at the highest cost (28151.5 RUB/ha) and the lowest cost of 1 ton of green mass of corn (431.1 RUB) provides a greater net income (11028.5 RUB/ha) with the best level of profitability (39.2 %).

Download Full-text