Cattle Grazing Exclusion Increases Basal, Crown and Mulch Cover in the Sierra de Órganos National Park, Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo David Valdez-Cepeda ◽  
Fidel Blanco-Macías ◽  
Raúl René Ruiz-Garduño ◽  
Rafael Magallanes-Quintanar ◽  
Miguel Márquez-Madrid
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Combustible Material ◽  
Organic Mulch ◽  
Grazing Exclusion ◽  
Cover Soil ◽  
Mulch Cover

Objective: To estimate the effects of cattle grazing exclusion on soil and vegetation conditions in grasslands of Sierra de Órganos National Park (SONP), Sombrerete, Zacatecas, Mexico. Design/Methodology/Approach: Four transects with cattle grazing exclusion were strategically established in SONP grasslands. In each transect the basal, crown and organic mulch cover, soil cover, bare soil, and the form of the autumn plant were measured from 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014. Results: Cattle grazing exclusion caused an increase in basal, crown and organic mulch cover, soil cover, as well as over- rested plants and deteriorated plants; bare soil cover and the percentage of normal plants decreased. Study Limitations/Implications: Increase of organic mulch cover implies the accumulation of combustible material that represents a potential risk of fire occurring in the SONP. Findings/Conclusions: Increase of organic mulch, over-rested plants and deteriorated plants shows that SONP grasslandsare transiting to a less stable ecological state.

scholarly journals Spatio Temporal Soil Moisture Dynamics and Runoff under Different Soil Cover Conditions in a Semiarid Representative Basin in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abelardo A. A. Montenegro ◽  
Iug Lopes ◽  
Ailton A. de Carvalho ◽  
João L. M. P. de Lima ◽  
Thais E. M. S. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mulch Cover ◽  
Experimental Plots ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract. Hydrological studies in small basins are essential for investigating the role of distinct processes on water resources conservation and to assess the impact of the natural ecosystems on improving water security especially in semiarid environments. In Brazil, the cooperative hydrological Network REHISA (“REde de HIdrologia do SemiÁrido”) comprises hydrologists from several universities of Brazil, focusing on field measurements, monitoring and modeling activities in well instrumented experimental rural catchments located at different regions and biomes in Semiarid environment. Water scarcity is a common aspect among the catchments, as well as risks of soil and water degradation. The objective of this work is to present assessments of near surface soil moisture spatial-temporal distribution, and to evaluate the impact of soil conservation techniques in reducing runoff, using small-scale experimental plots in a representative catchment of the Pernambuco State, Brazil. The study catchment is located in Alto Ipanema River Basin (AIRB) (with an area of 150 km2), which is located at the semiarid region of the São Francisco River (area of 641 000 km2). Soil and water monitoring was performed in experimental plots with different soil cover conditions (Bare soil plots; Plots with natural cover – Caatinga Biome vegetation; Plots with cactus Palma barriers; and Plots with mulch cover – Dry grass mulch at 4 t ha−1), where probes were installed for high resolution soil moisture assessment. In addition, regular soil moisture monitoring campaigns were conducted at 7 different locations, using a capacitance probe, with arboreal and shrub Caatinga vegetation, pasture and bare soil, predominantly Brachiaria decumbens. Mulch cover runs close to the Caatinga cover, but still with higher runoff generation, and presenting lower soil moisture temporal mean values. Caatinga was highly effective in terms of soil and water conservation at the small basin scale for both the dry and the wet season, resulting in a positive nexus between vegetation and water availability at the region.

scholarly journals Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcia M Echer ◽  
Graciela M Dalastra ◽  
Tiago L Hachmann ◽  
Elcio S Klosowski ◽  
Vandeir F Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Black Plastic ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Set Up

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.

scholarly journals The features landscape structure by the national park Ugra (Kaluga region)

2014 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Ilariya Kashutyna ◽  
Olga Stepochkyna
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Landscape Structure ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
The Other ◽  
Long Term Conditions ◽  
Parent Rocks ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The One

Landscape structure is considered forests of the national park «Ugra» Kaluga region. Are identified relationships between location, which is determined by the shape mesorelief and composition of the top layer of soil-forming rocks - on the one hand, and long-term conditions of vegetation and soil - on the other. Key words: structure of forest landscapes, location, long-term condition, mesorelief, parent rocks, vegetation, soil cover.

Germination strategy of the East African savanna tree Acacia tortilis

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Loth ◽  
Willem F. de Boer ◽  
Ignas M. A. Heitkönig ◽  
Herbert H. T. Prins
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Acacia Tortilis ◽  
East African ◽  
Tree Canopies ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Germination Success

Germination of Acacia tortilis seeds strongly depends on micro-site conditions. In Lake Manyara National Park, Tanzania, Acacia tortilis occurs abundantly in recently abandoned arable fields and in elephant-mediated gaps in acacia woodland, but does not regenerate in grass swards or beneath canopies. We examined the germination of Acacia tortilis using field and laboratory experiments. Seeds placed on top of the soil rarely germinated, while seeds covered with elephant dung or buried under the soil surface had a germination success between 23–43%. On bare soil 39% of both the dung-covered and buried seeds germinated, in perennial grass swards 24–43%, and under tree canopies 10–24% respectively. In laboratory experiments, seed water absorption correlated positively with temperature up to 41 °C, while subsequent germination was optimal at lower (21–23 °C) temperatures. Seeds that had absorbed water lost their viability when kept above 35.5 °C. The absence of light did not significantly influence germination success. Acacia tortilis does not actively disperse its seeds, but regeneration outside tree canopies was substantial. The regeneration potential thus strongly depends on the physiognomy of the vegetation.

Hemp Dogbane Growth and Control

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laren R. Robison ◽  
Larry S. Jeffery
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Control Seed ◽  
Cover Soil ◽  
And Control ◽  
Emergence Response ◽  
Made In

Hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum L.) was investigated relative to seed germination, depth of seedling emergence, response to clipping, influence of soil type and fertility on vegetative growth, and herbicidal control. Seed germination in this study was influenced by light and scarification. Seedling emergence was influenced by the amount of soil cover. Soil type and fertility affected vegetative growth. In a greenhouse clipping study, hemp dogbane became perennial 41 days after emergence and by 65 days was producing more than one shoot per plant following clipping. Hemp dogbane was more completely controlled following September application of herbicide than from application made in June.

scholarly journals Soil protecting effect of the surface cover in extreme summer periods  

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kalmár ◽  
L. Bottlik ◽  
I. Kisić ◽  
C. Gyuricza ◽  
M. Birkás
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Cover Ratio ◽  
Mulch Cover

It was to investigate the effects of mulch cover and stubble tillage on soil water content and to assess grounds of recommendations in stubble management in an extreme dry period. Tests were carried out in undisturbed (U) soil, after shallow (S) and deep (D) tillage, soil with (UCO, SCO, DCO) and without surface cover (UCL, SCL, DCL) and after conventional stubble treatment (STR). Effective moisture conservation (8–11%) was observed in undisturbed soil under 55% and 65% cover ratios. The water content in the top 0.65 m soil layer increased significantly (LSD, P < 0.05) between the different stubble variants, the following order was established on day 85: DCL < STR < SCL < UCL < DCO < SCO < UCO. The conventional stubble management cannot be applied in soils after shallow (STR) or deep tillage (DCL) in a dry season, when the loss of water is even statistically proven. Leaving the soil without a cover (UCL) or having it with insufficient cover (< 15%) entails risks in soils. Increasing the soil cover ratio (from 5% to 75%) had a 1.3–2.3 times stronger impact on crumb forming than did the moisture recorded in the various seasons.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Approach to Detect Burn Severity Risk Zones in Palo Verde National Park, Costa Rica

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Papia Rozario ◽  
Buddhika Madurapperuma ◽  
Yijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Normalized Burn Ratio ◽  
Palo Verde National Park

This study develops a site specific burn severity modelling using remote sensing techniques to develop severity patterns on vegetation and soil in the fire prone region of the Palo Verde National Park in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Terrain physical features, soil cover, and scorched vegetation characteristics were examined to develop a fire risk model and to quantify probable burned areas. Spectral signatures of affected areas were captured through multi-spectral analysis; i.e., Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR), Landsat derived differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) and relativized dNBR (RdNBR). A partial unmixing algorithm, Mixture Tuned Matched Filtering (MTMF) was used to isolate endmembers for scorched vegetation and soil. The performance of dNBR and RdNBR for predicting ground cover components was acceptable with an overall accuracy of 84.4% and Cohen’s Kappa 0.82 for dNBR and an overall accuracy of 89.4% and Cohen’s Kappa 0.82 for RdNBR. Landsat derived RdNBR showed a strong correlation with scorched vegetation (r2 = 0.76) and moderate correlation with soil cover (r2 = 0.53), which outperformed dNBR. The ecologically diverse and unique park area is threatened by wetland fires, which pose a potential threat to various species. Human induced fires by poachers are a common occurrence in such areas to gain access to these species. This paper aims to prioritize areas that are at a higher risk from fire and model spatial adaptations in relation to the direction of fire within the affected wetlands. This assessment will help wildlife personnel in managing disturbed wetland ecosystems.

Exploring mindfulness and stories in tourist experiences

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianna Moscardo
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
South African ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
National Park ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Framework

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework for understanding tourist experiences based on concepts from evolutionary, cognitive and social psychology. This framework integrates concepts from mindfulness theory and story-telling theory and seeks to better explain the nature of tourist experiences. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews some core conceptual approaches to understanding the concept of experience as a psychological driver in tourism. It will then set a series of research questions and explore some of these through a qualitative analysis of tourist stories and experiences in two South African destinations – Kruger National Park and Soweto. This analysis combines participant observation, content analysis of promotional literature and tourist blogs. Findings Evidence supports a set of propositions derived from integrating mindfulness and storytelling theory. Stories do play a significant role in encouraging mindful visitors and supporting more positive tourist experiences. Originality/value This paper combines two different approaches to understanding tourist experiences to create a new framework for understanding the cognitive processes involved in tourist experiences and how these link to outcomes.

scholarly journals Forest site types and soil cover in the Roztocze National Park – the current state of knowledge

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Jacek Koba ◽  
Tadeusz Miśta
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Sampling ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Upland Forest ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Site Types

The forest sites and soil survey conducted by the Bureau for Forest Management and Geodesy, Branch in Lublin in the years 2009–2010 involved all of the Roztocze National Park (RNP). The studied area was 8335.31 ha. Throughout the Park, 417 soil sampling plots (open pits) and 2,400 auxiliary soil sampling plots (soil boreholes) were established. A total of 28 soil subtypes, subsumed under 14 soil types, were identified, with the most abundant soil type being rendzina. Furthermore, 17 forest site types were described, including 12 lowland and 5 upland forest site types. Two upland forest types (upland broadleaved forest and upland mixed broadleaved forest), were found to be predominant in the National Park.

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