Phenology of Four Varieties of Gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in Greenhouses and Hydroponics for its Commercial Production in Mexico

Objective: To measure the phenology, morphology and development of four varieties ofPhysalis peruviana L. under greenhouse and hydroponics conditions, by effect of the ionicstrength of the Steiner nutrient solution for cultivation in Mexico.Design/Methodology/Approach: The research was conducted under a completelyrandom design with factorial arrangement, the treatments evaluated resulted from thecombination of the levels of the variety factor (Colombia, Sacha, Chiclayo and Modified)with the levels of the ionic strength of the Steiner nutrient solution (50, 100 and 150%),and the experimental unit was a potted plant. For phenology each phase was recorded inthe plants, SPAD readings were taken in the vegetative stage, for diameter and heightseveral samples were taken, and pH and electrical conductivity were accomplished onstems and petioles of shoots of each treatment. An analysis of variance and thecomparison of means per Tukey (p ? 0.05) were implemented with the SAS 9.2 program.Results: The varieties under study showed differences in the time of occurrence of thephenological stages. SPAD readings, basal diameter, pH and electrical conductivity in sapwere affected by each factor except for the interaction. Meanwhile, plant height wassignificantly affected in the first 24 days after transplant (dat) by the combination of thetwo factors. Study Limitations/Implications: The results obtained are limited to the varieties, theenvironmental conditions, and the time when the varieties were evaluated.Conclusions: The phenology of each variety was not expressed at the same time in anyconcentration, as an early variety was given to Chiclayo, Colombia and Sacha, which arevarieties that in the concentrations 50 and 150% of the nutrient solution started harvestingat 99 dat.

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Fertilizantes agrícolas aplicados via solução nutritiva em Cattleya labiata Lindl

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/oh.v22i2.878 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 208 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo Thibes Hoshino ◽

Guilherme Augusto Cito Alves ◽

Renan Ribeiro Barzan ◽

Gustavo Adolfo de Freitas Fregonezi ◽

Ricardo Tadeu de Faria

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Potassium Chloride ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Initial Growth ◽

Nutrient Solutions

Fertilization through nutrient solution is commonly used in commercial production of potted flowers, being employed soluble NPK formulations. However, most commercial formulations available in the market have high costs and the use of agricultural fertilizers can be an economically viable alternative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural fertilizers applied as nutrient solutions, in replacement of commercial formulations, on initial growth of Cattleya labiata. C. labiata seedlings in vitro propagated were grown in a greenhouse with controlled temperature, 27 ± 2° C, and retaining 50% brightness. Polypropylene pots were used with 0.415 L capacity, containing a mixture of pine bark and charcoal (1:1, v:v) as substrate. Altogether were used 4 treatments: without fertilization (control); Peters® - NPK 20 20 20 (3.0 g L -1 ); NPK - urea (1.3 g L -1 ), superphosphate (3.3 g L -1 ) and potassium chloride (1.0 g L -1 ); NK - urea (1.3 g L -1 ) and potassium chloride (1.0 g L -1 ). The nutrient solutions were applied 50 ml per pot every two weeks, according to the treatments. Were evaluated phytometric characteristics, pH and electrical conductivity of the substrate beyond the levels and accumulation of macronutrients. The experimental design was completely randomized with 12 replications, being considered each pot with two plants as an experimental unit. The parameters were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Regarding phytometric parameters no significant differences were observed between the treatments that received fertilization, which are superior to the control in height and dry mass of shoots. The more accumulated nutrients were K>Ca>N, in the treatments that received fertilization. The use of urea, superphosphate and potassium chloride, applied in nutrientsolution, have potential to replace the commercial formulations in the initial growth of native orchid Cattleya labiata.

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IONIC STRENGTH OF THE NUTRIENT SOLUTION AND PLANT DENSITY ON PRODUCTION AND QUALITY OF Physalis peruviana L. FRUITS

Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura ◽

10.5154/r.rchsh.2012.01.002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol XIX (2) ◽

pp. 197-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Delma Araceli Gastelum-Osorio ◽

◽

Manuel Sandoval-Villa ◽

Carlos Trejo-López ◽

Rogelio Castro-Brindis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Strength ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Plant Density ◽

Physalis Peruviana

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Performance of Hydroponically Cultivated Geranium and Common Verbena under Salinity and High Electrical Conductivity Levels

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11061237 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1237

Author(s):

Antonios Chrysargyris ◽

Spyridon A. Petropoulos ◽

Dejan Prvulovic ◽

Nikolaos Tzortzakis

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

High Salinity ◽

Stomatal Resistance ◽

Water Sources ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

High Electrical Conductivity

Abiotic factors in nutrient solutions (NSs), such as salinity and high electrical conductivity (EC), may adversely alter plant growth and crop performance. However, there are medicinal/aromatic plants which can not only withstand these adverse conditions, but which can also increase their productivity or even enhance their quality in such conditions. As fresh water sources suitable for irrigation are becoming more and more limited, the use of low-quality water sources and hydroponic growing systems have been suggested as the main alternatives. Towards that direction, this study aims to evaluate the effect of high EC levels in NSs on geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) and common verbena (Verbena officinallis L.) plants cultivated in a soilless (perlite) hydroponics system. Plants were irrigated with a full nutrient solution of EC 2.1 dS m−1 and pH 5.8 until they reached a uniform size. Then, three treatments were applied, namely: (a) a control treatment with an EC of 2.1 dS m−1 in the NS, (b) a high-salinity NS created by adding 75 mM of NaCl (EC under 8.5 dS m−1) and (c) a concentrated NS with an EC of 8.5 dS m−1. In pelargonium, high salinity decreased the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents; antioxidant capacity; N, K, Mg and P content; as well as chlorophyll fluorescence, compared to the control treatment. On the other hand, increased salinity levels increased the Na and Ca content and stomatal resistance. In common verbena, salinity decreased total phenolic content and chlorophyll fluorescence but increased total flavonoid content; antioxidants; leaf K, P, Na, Cu and Zn content; and stomatal resistance, compared to the control. In both species, high EC did not affect polyphenols, flavonoids or antioxidants, whereas it increased stomatal resistance and nutrient accumulation in the leaves, and decreased chlorophyll fluorescence compared to the control treatment. Damage indices, indicated by lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide production and the elevation of enzymes’ antioxidant activities, were evidenced in both saline- and high-EC-treated plants. In conclusion, despite having the same EC levels in the nutrient solution, it seems that ionic stress caused by high mineral concentrations in the nutrient solution had less severe effects on the tested plants than the relevant osmotic stress caused by high salinity due to the addition of NaCl in the nutrient solution.

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Effect of farrowing pen size on pre-weaning performance of piglets

Translational Animal Science ◽

10.1093/tas/txab123 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine D Vande Pol ◽

Austin L Laudwig ◽

Aaron M Gaines ◽

Beau A Peterson ◽

Caleb M Shull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Block Design ◽

Commercial Production ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Pig Production ◽

Time Period ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Cross Fostering ◽

Size At Birth

Abstract Litter sizes in commercial pig production have increased substantially over recent years; however, farrowing pen sizes have generally not changed over the same time period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of farrowing pen size on piglet pre-weaning growth and mortality. Differences in pen size were created by varying the width of pens of the same length, increasing the creep area available to the piglets. The study used a total of 1,786 litters in a randomized complete block design to compare two Farrowing Pen Size treatments (FPS): Standard (pen width 1.52 m) and Increased (pen width 1.68 m). Litter sizes were equalized across treatments (12.9 ± 1.95 piglets) at 24 h after birth using cross-fostering. Litter weights were collected at birth and weaning (21.3 ± 2.08 d); pre-weaning mortality was recorded. The experimental unit was the litter; models included FPS and replicate. Farrowing Pen Size had no effect (P > 0.05) on litter size at birth (12.8 and 13.0 for the Standard and Increased FPS, respectively), after cross-fostering (12.9 for both treatments), or at weaning (11.2 and 11.3, respectively). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of FPS on total litter or average piglet weight at birth, after cross-fostering, and at weaning. These results suggest no benefit in piglet performance from increasing the width of farrowing pens. As litter sizes continue to increase in commercial production, further research is warranted to re-evaluate the impact of farrowing pen size on pre-weaning mortality.

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Growth dynamics of morphological and reproductive traits of Physalis peruviana L. M1 plants obtained from seeds irradiated with gamma rays

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha48111745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 200-209

Author(s):

Oscar M. ANTÚNEZ-OCAMPO ◽

Serafín CRUZ-IZQUIERDO ◽

Leopoldo E. MENDOZA-ONOFRE ◽

Manuel SANDOVAL-VILLA ◽

Amalio SANTACRUZ-VARELA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Gamma Rays ◽

Growth Dynamics ◽

Reproductive Traits ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Floral Buds ◽

Recorded Data

There is an increasing interest in the development of uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) cultivars adapted to greenhouse farming. Sexual behavior makes it difficult to obtain uniform commercial uchuva cultivars by conventional breeding methods. Mutations induced by gamma rays is an alternative approach. M1 plants derived from 14 irradiation 60Co doses, from 0 to 275 Gy, that were applied to uchuva seeds were evaluated. Recorded data included days to first flower and growth dynamics (four to seven samplings) of morphological traits (plant height, stem diameter, basal stems) and reproductive traits (floral buds, flowers and green fruits). Treatments were distributed in a completely randomized blocks experimental design with six replications, in a greenhouse. The experimental unit was a single M1 plant. Statistical differences were found for irradiation doses, growth samplings, and its interaction. Growth dynamics results indicate that all traits showed a linear increase with plant age (R2 = 0.92* to 0.98**), but the effect of the irradiation doses on morphological and reproductive traits was no linear. Irradiation reduced plant height by 79%. M1 plants developed from irradiated seeds at doses of 125, 175 and 200 Gy showed greater stem diameter, with more basal stems, floral buds, flowers and green fruits than the control. It is concluded that intermediate irradiation doses had a stimulating effect on vegetative growth and fruiting traits of M1 uchuva plants.

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