scholarly journals Effect of farrowing pen size on pre-weaning performance of piglets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D Vande Pol ◽  
Austin L Laudwig ◽  
Aaron M Gaines ◽  
Beau A Peterson ◽  
Caleb M Shull ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Size ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cross Fostering ◽  
Size At Birth

Abstract Litter sizes in commercial pig production have increased substantially over recent years; however, farrowing pen sizes have generally not changed over the same time period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of farrowing pen size on piglet pre-weaning growth and mortality. Differences in pen size were created by varying the width of pens of the same length, increasing the creep area available to the piglets. The study used a total of 1,786 litters in a randomized complete block design to compare two Farrowing Pen Size treatments (FPS): Standard (pen width 1.52 m) and Increased (pen width 1.68 m). Litter sizes were equalized across treatments (12.9 ± 1.95 piglets) at 24 h after birth using cross-fostering. Litter weights were collected at birth and weaning (21.3 ± 2.08 d); pre-weaning mortality was recorded. The experimental unit was the litter; models included FPS and replicate. Farrowing Pen Size had no effect (P > 0.05) on litter size at birth (12.8 and 13.0 for the Standard and Increased FPS, respectively), after cross-fostering (12.9 for both treatments), or at weaning (11.2 and 11.3, respectively). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of FPS on total litter or average piglet weight at birth, after cross-fostering, and at weaning. These results suggest no benefit in piglet performance from increasing the width of farrowing pens. As litter sizes continue to increase in commercial production, further research is warranted to re-evaluate the impact of farrowing pen size on pre-weaning mortality.

scholarly journals PSV-7 Effects of a Bacillus-based probiotic on sow and litter performance, fecal consistency, and fecal microflora

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 192-193
Author(s):  
Mariana Boscato Menegat ◽  
Kiah M Gourley ◽  
Michaela B Braun ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Fecal Microflora ◽  
Microbial Analysis ◽  
Cross Fostering

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of supplementation of sow diets with Bacillus subtilis C-3102 (Calsporin®, Calpis Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) during gestation and lactation. A total of 29 sows (DNA 241) with confirmed pregnancy on d 30 of gestation were assigned to dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design based on BW and parity. Treatments were: control diet or probiotic diet with Calsporin® at 500,000 and 1,000,000 CFU/g of diet in gestation and lactation, respectively. Data were collected on d 30 and 112 of gestation and d 2 and 19 of lactation. Fecal consistency was assessed on a 1-to-5 scale for each litter. Fecal samples were collected from sows and piglets for microbial analysis by culture method and bacterial quantification of Bacillus subtilis C-3102, total Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp., Enterococcus sp., Enterobacteriaceae, total aerobes, and total anaerobes. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS®) with sow as experimental unit. Probiotic-fed sows had a marginally significant (P < 0.10) increase in lactation ADFI, but it did not result (P > 0.10) in improvement in sow or piglet weight at weaning. Probiotic-fed sows had a marginally significant (P < 0.10) larger litter size after cross-fostering, but it did not result (P > 0.10) in larger litter size at weaning. Fecal consistency of piglets was not influenced (P > 0.10) by sow diet. Microbial analysis revealed an increase (P < 0.01) in Bacillus subtilis C-3102 and, consequently, total Bacillus sp. in fecal microflora of probiotic-fed sows and piglets born and nursed by probiotic-fed sows. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that providing Calsporin® to sows during gestation and lactation improved lactation ADFI and cross-fostering litter size, although further larger-scale studies are required for elucidation. The probiotic diet did not influence fecal consistency, but altered the fecal microbial population in sows and nursing piglets by increasing total Bacillus sp.

89 Effects of a Novel Heat Lamp Compared to Conventional Heat Lamps on Litter Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Heath Harper ◽  
Gustavo Silva ◽  
Beau A Peterson ◽  
Joe Connor ◽  
Amos Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heat Element ◽  
Heat Lamp ◽  
Standard Heat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Cross Fostering

Abstract The objectives were to evaluate differences in productivity (mortality, number of pigs weaned and litter weights) and electricity usage between farrowing crates equipped with the HAVEN device or standard heat lamps. The HAVEN is a heat element designed to create a microclimate for newborn pigs. A total of 314 sows (Camborough; PIC, Hendersonville, TN) were initially allotted to the study in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) based on parity (P1, P2, P3+). Treatments consisted of control group (standard heat lamps) and treatment group (HAVEN device). Around d112 of gestation the sows were moved to the farrowing house and randomly allotted to the treatment. After farrow, litters were cross-fostered within treatment until 24-h after farrowing to equalize litter number to teat count. Litter size and weight were collected at the time of cross-fostering and at weaning. Sows had an ad libitum access to feed and water during lactation. Data were analyzed as an RCBD using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS with litter as the experimental unit and block as a random effect. There was no significant difference (P &gt; 0.05) between treatments on litter growth performance. However, there were significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) between the Control and Haven groups on piglets mortality and removals (%). The Control group had a higher incidence of mortality when compared to the Haven group (11.42% vs. 9.06%, respectively). In addition, the Control group had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) percentage of pigs removed compared to the Haven group (18.41% vs. 15.55%, respectively). Regarding electricity usage, on average the HAVEN device consumed 1.55 Wh/day compared to 2.41 Wh/day from the heat lamp. In conclusion, under the conditions of this trial the HAVEN provided production benefits reducing mortality and removals (%), and also potential savings in electricity.

scholarly journals Lamb performance in hardwood silvopastures, II: animal behavior in summer1

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-375
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Pent ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
John F Munsell ◽  
Benjamin F Tracy ◽  
John H Fike
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behavior ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract Integrating trees into pastures, a practice known as silvopasture, may benefit livestock in the summertime through the provision of shade. The purpose of this project was to compare the behavioral patterns of sheep grazing in silvopastures and open pastures. Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) and honeylocust (Gleditisia triacanothose L.) based silvopasture systems were compared with open pastures in a randomized complete block design with three blocks over two summers. Behavior measures were recorded within a replicate within a week, and these measures were taken sequentially within three experimental periods. Ewe lambs (n = 3) within each experimental unit were equipped with a wideband audio-recording device to detect prehension events. Time-lapse cameras documented sheep behavior every 60 s. In the silvopastures, the lambs spent over 90% of daylight hours within shade from trees. Lambs in silvopastures spent more time lying down than animals in the open pastures (P ≤ 0.01), while lambs in the open pastures spent more than 2 h longer each day standing (P &lt; 0.0001). Lambs in the black walnut silvopastures spent more time grazing (488 ± 14 min · d−1) than lambs in the honeylocust silvopastures (438 ± 14 min · d−1; P = 0.0493) and lambs in the open pastures (417 ± 14 min · d−1; P = 0.0026). There was no difference in grazing time for lambs in the latter two systems (P = 0.5597). Spectral analysis of the imagery revealed that the lambs in the black walnut silvopastures grazed more frequently than the lambs in the other systems for both years. The acoustic analysis, though limited by recorder durability to 47 complete recordings, revealed no difference in total bites taken per day (P ≥ 0.7222) or in the morning (P ≥ 0.2069), afternoon (P ≥ 0.5816), and evening periods (P ≥ 0.9337). Silvopastures provide an opportunity to improve lamb comfort in the summer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) Genotypes for Commercial Production in the Central Mid hills Region of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
Suprabha Pandey ◽  
Surendra Lal Shrestha ◽  
Ishwori Prasad Gautam ◽  
Mira Dhakal ◽  
Sangita Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Plant Vigor ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Research Division ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Great Wall

The experiment on evaluation of open pollinated genotypes of Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis) was conducted during summer season of 2016 and 2017 at Horticulture Research Division, Khumaltar Lalitpur to assess the variability in the genotypes and yield potentiality for commercial production. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Six genotypes viz. Great Wall 01, Great Wall 02, Great Wall 03, Great Wall 04 and Great Wall 08 were compared with Khumal Tane. Observations were recorded on fresh pod yield and yield attributing parameters. The plant vigor and plant uniformity score (1-5 scale) was not found significantly different among the tested genotypes. The highest number of pods per plant (46) was observed on the variety Great Wall 03 and the lowest number of pods (33) on Great Wall 01 followed by Khumal Tane (39). The fresh pod yield was noted the highest with Great wall 03 (24 t/ha) followed by Great Wall 2 (19.4 t/ha). The lowest yield was observed with Khumal Tane (12.7 t/ha). Likewise, Great Wall 03 was found tender whitish with green color when it matures and spongy type of fruit with mid early maturity (85-95 days) along with long harvesting period of 30-35 days. Although Great Wall 02 scored 4.7 in plant uniformity (1-5 scale) and 4.4 in plant vigor (1-5 scale) it was characterized as thick fleshy and whitish green color at maturity with smooth straight type flesh having early maturity (70-80 days) which could gain the demand of the market early compared to most popular Khumal Tane. Thus, among all genotypes Great Wall 03 and Great Wall 02 were recorded best for further evaluation and recommendation.

scholarly journals PSIV-16 Effect of a 1-monoglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride of butyric-, caproic- and caprilic acid, and Avilamycin on performance and intestinal E. coli when fed to piglets challenged with E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Peter Ader
Keyword(s):  
Caprylic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
T1 And T2

Abstract This study examined the effect of 1-monoglycerides and 1,2-diglycerides of butyric-, caproic- and caprylic acid (SILOHealth™ 104L [monoglycerides]) and avilamycin on day 14 and 21 post weaning performance of E. coli (GN-Ent and O157:H7) day 5 challenged piglets fed corn/soy diets that met or exceeded current NRC (2012) recommendations. A total of 96, Choice Genetics CG32, piglets were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 piglets/pen x 3 treatments x 8 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and were orally dosed with 5 ml (1x109 CFU/g, strain GN-Ent and O157:H7) E. coli d 5 after weaning (Ec). The treatment were: NC with Ec; T1=NC + 3 kg/MT monoglycerides; T2=NC+ 80 ppm avilamycin. Least significant difference was used to compare means of treatment. Mortalities and pen removals were weighed and recorded. The E. coli infection model was effective in causing E. coli mortality of 25% at d14 post weaning and 33% at d21 post weaning in NC. T1 and T2 reduced mortality versus NC at d14 (25, 3 and 0%, P < 0.05) and d21 (33, 4 and 0%, P < 0.05), increased ADG at d14 (203, 255 and 259 g, P < 0.05) and d21 (456, 511 and 515 g, P < 0.05), decreased FCR at d21 (1.90, 1.85 and 1.83, P < 0.05), and decreased intestinal E. coli, log 10 of CFU/g, versus NC (4.1, 2.2 and 2.1, P < 0.05). Monoglycerides and avilamycin performance, mortality and intestinal E. coli log 10 were not significantly different at P < 0.05. In conclusion, the use of monoglycerides improved ADG, reduced FCR, reduced mortality and reduced intestinal E. coli log 10 at day 14 and 21 post weaning versus NC and monoglycerides were not significant different (P < 0.05) than avilamycin.

scholarly journals Impact of Brushing and Infill Maintenance on Field Safety of Third Generation Synthetic Turf

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Kyley Dickson ◽  
John Sorochan ◽  
William Strunk ◽  
Taylor Williams
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Athletic Field ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Synthetic Turf

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of brushing and infill maintenance of third generation (3G) synthetic turf on field safety. A split-plot randomized complete block design was used with six different fiber pile heights, infill depths, and shock pad combinations subjected to 120 games in the summer of 2017 at the Center for Athletic Field Safety (CAFS) in Knoxville, TN, USA. Traffic was applied with a CAFS traffic simulator. Half of the plots received maintenance every 20 games with a rotating power broom and infill applied to those below manufacturer’s recommendations. All 3G synthetic turf systems required maintenance to the same degree, and maintenance was necessary to keep surface hardness of 3G synthetic turf systems consistent and acceptable. Overall, field safety and consistency increased in this study due to maintenance, thus suggesting brushing and infill maintenance plays a vital role in maintaining high performance on 3G synthetic fields.

scholarly journals Biological, botanical and chemical alternatives for the control of blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth.) diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 8169-8176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Darío Hincapié Echeverri ◽  
Alegría Saldarriaga Cardona ◽  
Cipriano Díaz Diez
Keyword(s):  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Absolute Control

In order to control the main diseases that affect blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth.), a research in which 12 treatments to San Antonio ecotype plants originated in vitro was conducted. These treatments were: 1: Trichoderma harzianum+richoderma koningii (Tropical Fungus), 2: Trichoderma sp. (Bioprotection), 3: Trichoderma koningiopsis (Th003 Trichoderma), 4: Trichoderma asperellum (Th034 Trichoderma), 5: Trichoderma asperellum (T-30 Trichoderma), 6: Trichoderma asperellum (T-98 Trichoderma), 7:Burkholderia cepacia (Botrycid), 8: extract of Swinglea glutinosa (Ecoswin), 9: traditional farming treatments (Mancozeb, Propamocarb), 10: chemical products applications (Mancozeb, Mandipropamida, Carbendazim, Propamocar and Metalaxil+Mancozeb) alternated according to the impact of the disease, 11: chemical products applications alternated with organic products according to the suppliers recommendations and presence of the diseases, 12: absolute control, no treatment was applied to the plants. The applications were carried out every 15 days, each plant was an experimental unit and each treatment was made of five experimental units. 12 treatments were made through a RCBD (randomized complete block design) with three repetitions for a total of 15 experimental units per treatment. The assessments were performed every 8 days, and the variables were: number of healthy and sick fruits/treatment, costs/treatment and gross profit. A variance analysis and a Tukey test 5% were made. The best treatments were T11 (rotation of chemicals with biological products), T10 (rotation of chemical products according to the impact of the disease) and T3 (T. koningiopsis); considering the obtained performance/treatment, treatment cost and profit.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CANARANA ERECTA LISA (Echinocloa piramidalis Lam.) IN RESPONSE TO HARVEST INTERVALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
Mauricio Cesio Araujo Dutra ◽  
Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira ◽  
Valdson José da Silva ◽  
Luís Alfredo Pinheiro Leal Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Harvest Intervals

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare and explain the variations in the production and nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa grass (Echinocloa pyramidalis Lam.) at different harvest intervals. The treatments corresponded to the cut intervals of 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, and 69 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each experimental unit had 6m2 (3m ×2m). The variables studied included forage production, canopy height, and nutritive value o harvested forage. Forage production varied from 11517 to 12324 kg ha-1; Plant heights from 48.8 to 234 cm; Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 68.8% to 71.13%; Acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 36.20% to 44.15%; Crude protein (CP) from 11.43% to 5.85% and in “in vitro” dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) from 63.30% to 47.42%. These values indicated that the nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa was reduced at longer harvest intervals. It is recommended to harvest the grass at 35 days of regrowth favoring productivity, nutritive value and forage digestibility.

scholarly journals 126 Energy (ME)-releasing efficacy of graded levels of 6-phytase, Natuphos® E, and a NSPase, Natugrain® TS, in 35 kg pigs fed corn/soy diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 70-70
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Robert Jones ◽  
Frank Parks
Keyword(s):  
Phytic Acid ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Feed Costs

Abstract This study evaluated the metabolizable (ME) release of graded levels of phytase when fed to 35 kg pigs on mash corn/soy diets formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. A total of 280 male (PIC 337 x Camborough) pigs were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (4 pig/pen x 8 treatments x 10 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight. Treatments groups consisted of PC, NC1=PC- 0.17% Ca, - 0.15% aP, -0.02% Na, -200 kcal/kg, T1=NC +1000 FTU/kg phytase+0.15 g/kg NSPase, T2=NC+1500 FTU/kg phytase+0.15 g/kg NSPase, T3=NC+2000 FTU/kg phytase+0.15 g/kg NSPase, T4=NC+2500 FTU/kg phytase+0.15 g/kg NSPase and T5=NC+3000 FTU/kg phytase +0.15 g/kg NSPase. TiO2 was used as the undigestible marker. Feed, rectum grabbed fecal samples were collected at 35 kg pigs. ME was 3407, 3213, 3301, 3329, 3345, 3354 and 3358 Kcal/kg, P < 0.05, respectively. The NC reduced the ME by 194 Kcal/kg versus the PC. 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 FTU/kg released 87, 116, 132, 141 and 145 Kcal/kg, respectively. Least cost formulation reduced net feed costs by $8.63, $9.22, $11.10, $11.90 and $12.39/ton, respectively. In conclusion, Natuphos E by breaking down phytic acid and Natugrain TS by breaking down NSPs released up to 145 Kcal/kg ME in pigs.

scholarly journals 127 A novel find of a Feed NSPase Enzyme, Natugrain® TS, reducing finish pig hemorrhagic bowel syndrome mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
Michael Coelho ◽  
Robert Jones ◽  
Frank Parks
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Intestinal Lesion ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract This study presents a novel find of a Feed NSPase Enzyme, Natugrain TS, reducing finish pig hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) mortality. A total of 3,750 weaned pigs (28 kg), (PIC 337 x Camborough), were used in a randomized complete block design with pen as the experimental unit, treatment as the fixed effect, and block as the random effect (25 pigs/pen x 5 treatments x 30 replications). Pigs were blocked by sex and weight and were fed mash corn/soy/DDGs diets formulated to meet or exceed current NRC (2012) recommendations. Treatments were T1= 0 g/MT Natugrain TS, T2= 100 g/MT Natugrain TS, T3= 150 g/MT Natugrain TS, T4= 200 g/MT Natugrain TS and T5= 250 g/MT Natugrain TS. At the finishing phase, Natugrain TS significantly decreased intestinal E. coli log 10 (7.12, 4.95, 4.02, 3.21 and 3.25 log 10, P < 0.05, respectively), significantly decreased intestinal lesion score (0–5 score) (4.21, 4.02, 2.98, 2.25 and 2.26, P < 0.05, respectively). Microbiota was analyzed in fresh, manually collected, rectum fecal samples. Microbiota was separated into prevalent in Natugrain TS control (0) and 200 g/ton. In the control treatment, there was a prevalence of Desulfoyibrio, Oscillospira, Campylobacter, Anearoctruncus, Mogibacterium and Brachyspirae, etc., while in the 200 g/ton treatment there was a prevalence of Synergistales, Burkolderiales, Dehabacteriaceae, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus and Bacilli, etc. Natugrain TS significantly decreased mortality (4.8, 3.6, 2.7, 1.9 and 2.1 %, P < 0.05, respectively), significantly decreased specifically HBS mortality (3.50, 1.98, 0.68, 0.40 and 0.46%, P < 0.05, respectively). In conclusion, Natugrain TS changed the microbiome by breaking down arabinoxylans, decreasing intestinal E. coli and intestinal lesion score, changing the microbiota to prevalent Bifidobacterium, Roseburia, Lactobacillus and Bacilli, and Natugrain TS up to 200 g/ton specifically decreasing hemorrhagic bowel syndrome mortality from 3.5% to 0.5%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document