Sex Identification of in vitro Plants of Carica papaya L. MSXJ Hybrid through Molecular Markers

Objective: To identify the sex of in vitro plants of papaya (Carica papaya L.) MSXJhybrid obtained via somatic organogenesis, through SCAR type molecular markers. Design/Methodology/Approach: Eight-month old MSXJ papaya hybrid plants in thefructification stage were collected in Cotaxtla, Veracruz, Mexico. They weresuperficially disinfected with abundant running water, detergent during 30 min, andthen alcohol at 70% was added for one minute, commercial chlorine at 30% for 30min, and they were rinsed with sterile distilled water; then the meristems werecultivated in MS medium and after 30 d a subculture was made. The DNA extractionwas made with the CTAB method, and the DNA PCR was done with the Deputy et al.(2002) method, and the primers T1, T12 and W11 were used.Results: The T1 primer was the positive control and the T12 and W11 primersallowed the amplification of fragments that identify hermaphrodite, feminine and maleplants, while the T12 and W11 primers were specific for hermaphrodite plants.Study Limitations/Implications: It is required to standardize the method for it to beinexpensive.Findings/Conclusions: The sexuality of papaya plants can be differentiated until thestage of flowering, which is why the implementation of molecular markers wouldfacilitate plant selection if it is implemented at a large scale. Costs, maintenance timeand elimination of plants of unwanted sex are reduced this way.

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Genetic Uniformity of the MSXJ papaya hybrid (Carica papaya L.) during Micropropagation

RECUBRIMIENTO COMESTIBLE CON BASE DE PIÑON MEXICANO (Jatropha curcas) SOBRE LA CALIDAD DE CHAYOTE MINIMAMENTE PROCESADO ◽

10.32854/agrop.v14i3.1831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Dulce M. Ramírez-Hernández ◽

Odón Castañeda-Castro ◽

María Elena Galindo-Tovar ◽

Luis A. Solano Rodríguez ◽

Otto R. Leyva Ovalle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Tropical Fruits ◽

Commercial Success ◽

Genetic Uniformity ◽

In Vitro Plants ◽

Ctab Method ◽

Issr Primers

Objective: To analyze the genetic uniformity of MSXJ hybrid papaya in vitro plants, obtained by direct organogenesis.Design/Methodology/Approach: The MSXJ papaya hybrid demonstrates quality characteristics for the national and exports market. In vitro culture of plant tissues represents a useful tool for their multiplication and conservation, but somaclonal variation can diminish their genetic and agronomic uniformity. In order to analyze the genetic uniformity of in vitro plants of this hybrid, ten ISSR primers were used for in vitro plants micropropagated during nine subcultures. DNA was extracted using the CTAB method. Data were analyzed using the program PopGene v 1.3.1.Results: Eighty-five loci of 200 to up to 2000 pb were generated, with 37 polymorphic loci. In the cluster analysis, three groups were observed which separate subculture one, subcultures two to eight, and subculture nine; the Gst value of 0.87 indicated genetic uniformity as far as subculture eight.Study Limitations/Implications: Papaya is one of the most important tropical fruits worldwide; however, these plants need to be healthy and genetically uniform to guarantee commercial success. In vitro propagation allows obtaining healthy and uniform plants, but it is necessary to study genetic uniformity during their micropropagation.Findings/Conclusions: The in vitro multiplication of the MSXJ papaya hybrid permitted the regeneration of vigorous plants in 30 d. Molecular profiles indicate that as far as subculture eight, there is genetic uniformity. As such, no more thaneight subcultures are recommended during micropropagation.

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Micropropagation and ex situ conservation of Silene fabaria (L.) Sm. in Sibth. & Sm. subsp. domokina Greuter (Caryophyllaceae); an important endemic plant in Greece with medicinal and ornamental value

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN BIOTECHNOLOGY ◽

10.24297/jbt.v8i0.8062 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1044-1057 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Virginia Sarropoulou ◽

Eleni Maloupa

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Shoot Proliferation ◽

Shoot Elongation ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Scale Production ◽

Endemic Plant ◽

In Vitro Plants ◽

Shoot Number ◽

Potential Applications

Silene species (Caryophyllaceae) are sources of important secondary metabolites with extensive use in traditional medicine and potential applications as ornamentals. The present study was conducted to assess the regeneration potential of Silene fabaria subsp. domokina to produce massive clonal in vitro plants. Two experiments were conducted. The basal culture medium used was the MS. In the first experiment, the effect of 3 cytokinins; BA, KIN and 2-ip applied alone and in combination with 3 auxins; IBA, NAA and IAA was studied. In the second experiment, the effect of 3 auxins; IBA, NAA and IAA, each applied in 3 different concentrations (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/l) was studied. Shoot proliferation 100%, highest shoot proliferation rate (4.83) and shoot number (3.67) were achieved with 0.25 mg/l BA and 0.1 mg/l IAA (5 weeks). IAA at 0.5 mg/l was the most effective in stimulating shoot elongation (80.63 mm). Rooting 100% was obtained with 0.1 mg/l IBA yielding 7.3 roots 22.91 mm long (4 weeks). In vitro plants were successfully acclimatized with 92.31% survival rate. This study is the first micropropagation report of S. fabaria subsp. domokina that could be exploited for rapid, large-scale production and future germplasm maintenance of this valuable prioritized species-subspecies.

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Progress in backcrossing between Carica papaya × Vasconcellea quercifolia intergeneric hybrids and C. papaya

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea04248 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 419 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

R. A. Drew ◽

S. V. Siar ◽

C. M. O'Brien ◽

A. G. C. Sajise

Keyword(s):

Pollen Fertility ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

The Philippines ◽

Intergeneric Hybrids ◽

Tropical Fruit ◽

Hybrid Plants ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Backcross Populations

Papaya is a major tropical fruit crop worldwide, however, all genotypes are susceptible to Papaya ringspot virus type P (PRSV-P). Protocols have been developed to produce large numbers of intergeneric hybrids between Carica papaya L. and Vasconcellea quercifolia, which is PRSV-P resistant. Although pollen fertility of these hybrids was low, backcross populations were produced in both Australia and the Philippines when papaya flowers were pollinated with pollen from 11 hybrid plants that had been identified as having some pollen fertility and were PRSV-P resistant. Plantlets were produced after embryo rescue and culture in vitro. Second backcross generations (BC2) were easier to produce than first backcross (BC1) generations as pollen fertility was >80% in male BC1 plants. Variation in time to PRSV-P symptom expression and severity of virus symptoms in the backcross generations was observed in both countries. Commercially acceptable fruit were produced in the BC2 generation. The results demonstrate that efforts in wide hybridisation to transfer PRSV-P resistance to C. papaya, are better directed towards crosses between C. papaya and V. quercifolia than with other Vasconcellea species.

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Performance of hermaphrodite Carica papaya in-vitro plants grown under greenhouse conditions in the tropics

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2019.1250.22 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 159-164

Author(s):

F.L. Espadas-Gil ◽

J. Morales-Landa ◽

C.R. Talavera-May ◽

J. Patrón Castro ◽

F. Cámara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

In Vitro Plants ◽

The Tropics

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Comparative Evaluation of the In Vitro Anthelminthic Effects of the Leaves, Stem, and Seeds of Carica papaya (Linn) Using the Pheretima posthuma Model

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2020/9717304 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Phoebe Esinam Goku ◽

Emmanuel Orman ◽

Anna Naa Kwarley Quartey ◽

George Twum Ansong ◽

Elsam Baffour Asare-Gyan

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Anthelminthic Activity ◽

Death Time ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Helminth Infections

This study was conducted to comparatively assess the anthelminthic activity of leaves, stem bark, and seeds of Carica papaya, in order to identify which of the plant parts possess the highest anthelminthic activity. Three concentrations of ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts of the plant parts (1 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml) were prepared and tested against Pheretima posthuma using albendazole as the positive control and 0.9% normal saline solution as the negative control. Preliminary phytochemical investigation showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, and reducing sugars of glycosides present in all the crude extracts of Carica papaya. Tannins were observed only in extracts of the leaves, while fixed oils were only present in the extracts of the seeds. The results of the anthelminthic activity testing indicated that all crude extracts prepared were more effective than albendazole in reducing paralysis time (p<0.0001) and death time (p<0.0001). It was further shown that the extracts from the seeds (SE and SHE) were more effective than the extracts from the stem bark and leaves both in reducing paralysis and death times. Fractionation of SE provided a fraction, SEB, which was more effective than SE both in reducing paralysis and death times (p<0.0001) and was established to contain fixed oils. The outcome of the current study has provided a scientific justification for the preference of the seeds of Carica papaya for the treatment of helminth infections and has shown that the fixed oils present in the seeds could be responsible for such activity.

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Bioactivity Screening and Identification of Secondary Metabolites from Fungal Endophytes of Carica papaya L. Leaves

Journal of Natural Remedies ◽

10.18311/jnr/2020/24110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Israt Farha Lini ◽

Rabita Zinnurine ◽

Md. Habibur Rahman ◽

Mst. Nadira Begum ◽

Farhana Afroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Endophytic Fungi ◽

Large Scale ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Alternariol Monomethyl Ether ◽

Chemical Screening

Objectives: This work describes the chemical and in-vitro bioactivity studies on endophytic fungi derived from the leaves of Carica papaya L. Methods: Column Chromatography was employed for isolation of fungal metabolites. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectral data was utilized to elucidate the structure of the isolated compounds and physicochemical properties of them were also examined. As a part of in-vitro bioactivity screening disc diffusion method, 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, respectively. Results: A total of four fungal isolates were identified as endophytic fungi and purified from the young leaves of Carica papaya. These fungi, encoded as CPLE-1, CPLE-2, CPLE-3 and CPLE-4, were identified up to the genus level on the basis of their macroscopic and microscopic characteristics as Colletotrichum sp., Carvularia sp., and next two as Alternaria sp., respectively. Chemical profiling and preliminary bioactivity screening of the fungal endophytes signified strain CPLE-3 with highest potentiality to produce bioactive compounds which directs its large scale cultivation. Ergosterol and Alternariol monomethyl ether were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus, CPLE-3. Conclusion: Bioactivity and chemical screening of the endophytic fungal extracts of Carica papaya leaf along with the isolation of fungal secondary metabolites suggested these endophytic fungi to be possible source of bioactive leads for developing new and improved medicines.

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Inhibitory effects of bioaccessible anthocyanins and procyanidins from apple, red grape, cinnamon on α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000652 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Pınar Ercan ◽

Sedef Nehir El

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Digestive Enzymes ◽

Positive Control ◽

Anthocyanin Content ◽

Inhibitory Effects ◽

Total Anthocyanin ◽

Total Anthocyanin Content ◽

Before And After ◽

Red Grape

Abstract. The goals of this study were to determine and evaluate the bioaccessibility of total anthocyanin and procyanidin in apple (Amasya, Malus communis), red grape (Papazkarası, Vitis vinifera) and cinnamon (Cassia, Cinnamomum) using an in vitro static digestion system based on human gastrointestinal physiologically relevant conditions. Also, in vitro inhibitory effects of these foods on lipid (lipase) and carbohydrate digestive enzymes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase) were performed with before and after digested samples using acarbose and methylumbelliferyl oleate (4MUO) as the positive control. While the highest total anthocyanin content was found in red grape (164 ± 2.51 mg/100 g), the highest procyanidin content was found in cinnamon (6432 ± 177.31 mg/100 g) (p < 0.05). The anthocyanin bioaccessibilities were found as 10.2 ± 1%, 8.23 ± 0.64%, and 8.73 ± 0.70% in apple, red grape, and cinnamon, respectively. The procyanidin bioaccessibilities of apple, red grape, and cinnamon were found as 17.57 ± 0.71%, 14.08 ± 0.74% and 18.75 ± 1.49%, respectively. The analyzed apple, red grape and cinnamon showed the inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase (IC50 544 ± 21.94, 445 ± 15.67, 1592 ± 17.58 μg/mL, respectively), α-amylase (IC50 38.4 ± 7.26, 56.1 ± 3.60, 3.54 ± 0.86 μg/mL, respectively), and lipase (IC50 52.7 ± 2.05, 581 ± 54.14, 49.6 ± 2.72 μg/mL), respectively. According to our results apple, red grape and cinnamon have potential to inhibit of lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase digestive enzymes.

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Synergistic in-vitro anthelmintic potentials of Vernonia amygdalina Delile stem and Carica papaya Lin. seeds

10.1055/s-0037-1608436 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

A Quartey ◽

A Oppong ◽

I Ayensu ◽

J Apenteng ◽

D Mintah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina

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Purification of the Antihemophilic Factor by Gel Filtration on Agarose

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651394 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 22 (03) ◽

pp. 577-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M.M.P Paulssen ◽

A.C.M.G.B Wouterlood ◽

H.L.M.A Scheffers

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Plasma Proteins ◽

Large Scale ◽

Gel Filtration ◽

Large Scale Preparation ◽

Scale Preparation ◽

Antihemophilic Factor

SummaryFactor VIII can be isolated from plasma proteins, including fibrinogen by chromatography on agarose. The best results were obtained with Sepharose 6B. Large scale preparation is also possible when cryoprecipitate is separated by chromatography. In most fractions containing factor VIII a turbidity is observed which may be due to the presence of chylomicrons.The purified factor VIII was active in vivo as well as in vitro.

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