scholarly journals Reproductive Management of the Male Goat: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Cadena-Villegas ◽  
José A. Hernández-Marín ◽  
Jaime Gallegos-Sánchez ◽  
Carlos G. Germán- Alarcón ◽  
Ponciano Pérez-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sperm Donors ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
Management Alternatives ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To describe the factors affecting male goat (buck) reproduction and the selection and management strategies to improve their reproductive efficiency. Design/Methodology/Approach: By reviewing published information, the main factors that affect the reproductive capacity of bucks and some management strategies for their reduction were described. Emphasis was on the evaluation of seminal quality, libido, and the selection of sires to be used in the herd. Results: Proper sire diet reduces age at puberty and improves testicular and seminal characteristics, as well as sexual behavior. The effect of seasonality can be improved by using melatonin implants and adequate nutrition. Study Limitations/Implications: In goat production systems, bucks are important for the production of quality livestock and the products and byproducts from this species. Understanding the impact of environmental factors such as nutrition, seasonality, and physiological processes on the reproductive capacity of bucks promotes the establishment of management strategies to better understand what is important when selecting sires as sperm donors to improve product quality and to obtain greater herd production. Findings/Conclusions: Adequate sire nutrition improves herd fertility. Seasonal reproduction affects the reproductive capacity of sires as sperm donors, yet there are management alternatives to reduce such seasonal effects on their reproductive performance.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilisation in tropical pastures: what are the impacts of this practice?

2020 ◽  
pp. 978-984
Author(s):  
Antonio Leandro Chaves Gurgel ◽  
Gelson dos Santos Difante ◽  
Denise Baptaglin Montagner ◽  
Alexandre Romeiro de Araújo ◽  
Alexandre Menezes Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilisation ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Pasture Degradation ◽  
Ruminant Meat ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

It is estimated that approximately 47% of the world’s ruminant meat and milk is produced in tropical and subtropical regions, with pasture comprising the main food base of these animals. Nitrogen fertilisation is an essential practice for the maintenance of pasture productivity, considering that a deficiency of this nutrient is a primary factor in triggering pasture degradation. In addition to directly influencing the photochemical and biochemical phases of photosynthesis, nitrogen stimulates enzyme activity and the synthesis of enzymes responsible for fixing CO2 (Rubisco in C3 plants and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in C4 plants), thus increasing the efficiency of atmospheric CO2 capture. All of these physiological processes are easily observed macroscopically in the characteristics of forage plants. This review examines the impact of nitrogen fertilisation in tropical pastures on the main components of production systems (soil, plants and animals), describes the results obtained in different situations and highlights the most efficient ways of producing meat without environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Aquaporin Activity to Improve Crop Drought Tolerance

Cells ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avat Shekoofa ◽  
Thomas Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Phloem Loading ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Impact

In plants, aquaporins (AQP) occur in multiple isoforms in both plasmalemma and tonoplast membranes resulting in regulation of water flow in and out of cells, and ultimately, water transfer through a series of cells in leaves and roots. Consequently, it is not surprising that physiological and molecular studies have identified AQPs as playing key roles in regulating hydraulic conductance in roots and leaves. As a result, the activity of AQPs influences a range of physiological processes including phloem loading, xylem water exit, stomatal aperture and gas exchange. The influence of AQPs on hydraulic conductance in plants is particularly important in regulating plant transpiration rate, particularly under conditions of developing soil water-deficit stress and elevated atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD). In this review, we examine the impact of AQP activity and hydraulic conductance on crop water use and the identification of genotypes that express soil water conservation as a result of these traits. An important outcome of this research has been the identification and commercialization of cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean (Glycine max (Merr) L.) for dry land production systems.

Investigation of spatial configuration management on social distancing of recreational clubhouse for COVID-19 in Penang, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Adibah Binti Abdul Nasir ◽  
Ahmad Sanusi Hassan ◽  
Fatemeh Khozaei ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez Bin Abdul Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The Impact

PurposeSince the appearance of COVID-19 social distancing and staying home have been recommended repeatedly by the governments for disease prevention. As the challenge continues to remain the current study seeks to examine the factors affecting social distancing through space planning and management. More specifically the current study aims to examine the appropriateness of the spatial organization and space configuration of a clubhouse with a linear plan layout in the mitigation of the spread of infections due to serious pandemic COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachFor an enhanced understanding of the impact of spatial arrangements of public spaces plan on the effective implementation of social distancing this study has used the space syntax analysis method. The MPSP clubhouse building in Penang, Malaysia was selected as the case study. The level of permeability and wayfinding were determined in the building plan and were illustrated using photoshop software to depict the interrelation between the indoor spaces and building circulation. Graphs of the depth of space were used to analyze the level of permeability and wayfinding to illustrate the possibility of social distancing in the plan.FindingsThe result of the study shows the significant role of proper plan layout design on social distancing. While clear and direct wayfinding can positively be associated with more effective social distancing, the inefficient design of user access, inappropriate locations of multiple entry and exit and indefinite directions of users' inside buildings can impose slight limitations. The average level of permeability might suggest ineffective spatial arrangement, ignoring the needs of spatial segregation. The study further found that the linear plan layouts with proper zoning and effective management strategies can be considered a proper layout to facilitate social distancing and the spread of COVID-19.Originality/valueThe current study is unique in terms of examination of the spatial configuration of linear public spaces plan layout for possible temporary adaptability to curb disease spread during the unexpected advent of a pandemic. Based on researchers' best of knowledge it is the first time that the impact of recreational space design on social distancing has been examined. The study also originally sheds light on the fact that the commonly used guideline for the social distancing of 1–2 m between 2 persons, in reality, is practically inadequate given the nature of the sports activities.

Productive and reproductive performance of crossbred and indigenous dairy cows at smallholdings in selected towns of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Belay Duguma
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Jimma Zone ◽  
Improvement Programs

Context Evaluation of the performance of dairy cows kept in different production systems is essential for the development of appropriate breeding strategies. Aims To examine milk production and reproductive performance of crossbred (CB) and indigenous (I) dairy cows, farmers’ traits preference for CB and I breeding females, and factors affecting the performance of dairy cattle on smallholdings in selected towns of Jimma Zone, Ethiopia. Methods In total, 52 smallholder dairy cattle farmers were randomly sampled and data were collected through individual face-to-face interviews by using structured questionnaires. The traits studied were daily milk yield (DMY), lactation milk yield (LMY), lactation length (LL), age at first service (AFS), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI), days open (DO), and number of service per conception (NSC), all being factors affecting performance of dairy cattle and farmers’ preferred dairy traits. Results On average, CB cows had significantly (P < 0.05) higher DMY (6.0 ± 0.33 vs 1.8 ± 0.07 L/cow), LMY (1466.7 ± 1.13 vs 376.0 ± 21.02 L (L)), LL (8.1 ± 0.41 vs 6.9 ± 0.22 months), and lower AFS (2.69 ± 0.1 vs 3.3 ± 0.07 years), AFC (3.7 ± 0.13 vs 4.3 ± 0.07 years) and CI (21.2 ± 1.37 vs 29.8 ± 1.30 months) than did I cows. However, DO and NSC were not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by genotype. In order of perceived importance, high milk yield (mean rank = 0.306), LL (0.292) and fertility (0.199) were farmers’ most preferred traits for CB breeding cows, and the corresponding preferred traits for I cows were high milk yield (0.253), adaptability (0.229) and LL (0.192). The most important factors perceived by farmers affecting the performance of dairy cattle were breed, nutrition, diseases, breeding and management practices Conclusions The findings of the study indicated that even though CB cows performed better, the performance of both breeds of dairy cows in the study area was found to be generally low due to delayed AFS, late AFC, long CI, shorter LL, low daily and LMY and high NSC. Implications The study highlighted that there is a potential for increasing the performance of dairy cows in the study area, through improved management strategies leading to shorter AFS, AFC, CI and lower NSC. Furthermore, future breed-improvement programs should take into consideration farmers’ trait preferences in design of sustainable improvement programs.

scholarly journals Phenotypic factors associated with lamb live weight and carcass composition measurements in an Irish multi-breed sheep population1

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Mary McGovern ◽  
Noirin McHugh ◽  
Shauna Fitzmaurice ◽  
Thierry Pabiou ◽  
Kevin McDermott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Sheep Population ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Genetic Evaluations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract Understanding the phenotypic factors that affect lamb live weight and carcass composition is imperative to generating accurate genetic evaluations and further enables implementation of functional management strategies. This study investigated phenotypic factors affecting live weight across the growing season and traits associated with carcass composition in lambs from a multibreed sheep population. Four live weight traits and two carcass composition traits were considered for analysis namely; birth, preweaning, weaning, and postweaning weight, and ultrasound muscle depth and fat depth. A total of 427,927 records from 159,492 lambs collected from 775 flocks between the years 2016 and 2019, inclusive were available from the Irish national sheep database. Factors associated with live weight and carcass composition were determined using linear mixed models. The heaviest birth, preweaning, and weaning weights were associated with single born lambs (P < 0.001), however by postweaning, there was no difference observed in the weights of single and twin born lambs (P > 0.01). Breed class affected lamb live weight and carcass composition with terminal lambs weighing heaviest and having greater muscle depth than all other breed classes investigated (P < 0.001). Lambs born to first parity dams were consistently lighter, regardless of time of weighing (P < 0.001), while dams lambing for the first time as ewe lambs produced lighter lambs than those lambing for the first time as hoggets (P < 0.001). Greater heterosis coefficients (i.e., >90% and ≤100%) resulted in heavier lambs at weaning compared with lambs with lower levels of heterosis coefficients (P < 0.001). A heterosis coefficient class <10% resulted in lambs with greater muscle depth while recombination loss of <10% increased ultrasound fat depth (P < 0.001). Results from this study highlight the impact of multiple animal level factors on lamb live weight and carcass composition which will enable more accurate bio-economic models and genetic evaluations going forward.

Management strategies for chicory (Cichorium intybus) and plantain (Plantago lanceolata): impact on dry matter yield, nutritive characteristics and plant density

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia M. Lee ◽  
Nivonne R. Hemmingson ◽  
Elena M. K. Minnee ◽  
Cameron E. F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The Impact

Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and narrow-leaved plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.) are able to grow a large amount of high-quality summer feed. Limited information is available on the effect of grazing management on plantain, and no comparison been undertaken of modern chicory and plantain cultivars used in dairy production systems. This study determined the effect of defoliation interval (as determined by the extended leaf height, ELH) and residual height on the yield, nutritive characteristics and plant density of chicory and plantain over 18 months. Chicory leaf yield was reduced in swards defoliated at 150 mm ELH compared with those defoliated at 250, 350 or 550 mm (14.3 v. 17.5 t DM ha–1), and chicory stem yield was least in swards defoliated at 150 or 250 mm. Plantain swards defoliated at 350 or 450 mm ELH yielded more leaf than those defoliated at 150 or 250 mm (20.4 v. 16.7 t DM ha–1); however, stem yield also increased with increasing defoliation interval. Over all seasons, as defoliation interval increased, generally, neutral detergent fibre content increased and crude protein, ash and digestibility declined. Residual height had less of an effect on yield and nutritive characteristics than did defoliation interval. To maximise chicory leaf growth while minimising growth of lower quality stem, the optimal ELH over 18 months was 250 mm, or if the chicory was used only as a 9-month ‘summer’ crop, 350 mm. Recommendations for plantain are not as simple because longer defoliation intervals increase both leaf and stem yield and reduce nutritive value. Defoliating plantain swards at 250 mm ELH appeared to provide a balance between yield and nutritive value; however, further work is required to determine the impact of applying these recommendations on a dairy farm system.

scholarly journals LAND USE CONVERSION: EVALUATION AND STRATEGIC ACTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Ruth Roselin Nainggolan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
The Impact

The conversion of agricultural land  in Sumedang of  the  year  2005-2014 reached 317 hectares. The land generally converted  into housing, office buildings and public facilities. This study aims to conduct a comprenhensive  evaluation of the factors affecting changes in  land use, analyze the impact of the changes and develop management strategies. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach located in Sumedang District, West Java Province. Sampling was done by multistage random sampling. The first step is selection of the sample subdistricts purposively with consideration of subdistricts that convert of land use at most, they are: Sumedang Selatan, Jatinangor and Jatigede. The second step sample selection by simple random  to residents who do changes their agricultural land use. The data obtained from questionnaires, interviews,observations, study of documents and mass media. Working method is based on a modification of the stages of strategic planning for the company. Formulation of the strategy carried out through three phases: phase determination of the key internal and external factors, phase matching using the SWOT matrix, as well as the decision phase using QSPM matrix. The resulting strategy is implemented in a more technical work steps. The results showed the factors that affect farmers convert agricultural land is decreasing productivity of  the land, accretion of family members, the right of inheritance of land, high land prices, construction of public facilities and government policy. The most dominant factor affecting is different in each district. The impact of changes in land use in general is the opening of new agricultural land by cutting down forests, decline in rice productivity and the emergence of new unemployment and alteration or  loss of livelihood. From the SWOT analysis matrix, obtained three possible strategic options. First, a policy review of spatial and territories; second, to encourage farmers to maintain agricultural land by providing agricultural inputs and extension the use of organic materials to restore soil fertility and the third private land use change should be governed by strict licensing mechanism.

Seasonal effects of the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) on sediment denitrification rates in Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 957-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise A Bruesewitz ◽  
Jennifer L Tank ◽  
Melody J Bernot ◽  
William B Richardson ◽  
Eric A Strauss
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Zebra Mussels ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Upper Mississippi River ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) have altered the structure of invaded ecosystems and exhibit characteristics that suggest they may influence ecosystem processes such as nitrogen (N) cycling. We measured denitrification rates seasonally on sediments underlying zebra mussel beds collected from the impounded zone of Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River. Denitrification assays were amended with nutrients to characterize variation in nutrient limitation of denitrification in the presence or absence of zebra mussels. Denitrification rates at zebra mussel sites were high relative to sites without zebra mussels in February 2004 (repeated measures analysis of variance (RM ANOVA), p = 0.005), potentially because of high NO3–-N variability from nitrification of high NH4+ zebra mussel waste. Denitrification rates were highest in June 2003 (RM ANOVA, p < 0.001), corresponding with the highest NO3–-N concentrations during the study (linear regression, R2 = 0.72, p < 0.001). Denitrification was always N-limited, but sites without zebra mussels showed the strongest response to N amendments relative to sites with zebra mussels (two-way ANOVA, p ≤ 0.01). Examining how zebra mussels influence denitrification rates will aid in developing a more complete understanding of the impact of zebra mussels and more effective management strategies of eutrophic waters.

scholarly journals A Case Study of Factors Affecting the Performance of the Hotel Industry of Chiang Mai in Thailand and the Impact of Covid-19: Taking De Chai Hotel Group as an Example

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Jui-Lung Chen ◽  
Kusumalee Kitingern
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Chiang Mai ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industry Performance ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Impact

Tourism has made a significant contribution to Thailand's economy, bringing considerable tourism revenue to Thailand every year, and driving the sustained growth of related industries. This study focused on the factors that affect the performance of the hotel industry of Chiang Mai in Thailand, taking De Chai Hotel Group, a local large-scale hotel group, as a case study, and discussed the impact of COVID-19 on it and its countermeasures. This study also put forward relevant suggestions as a reference for the hotel industry to formulate management strategies and future development. JEL classification numbers: L25, L83. Keywords: Tourism, Hotel industry, Performance, COVID-19.

scholarly journals Development of Integrated Horticulture based on Investments (In the Case of Uzbekistan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S) ◽  
pp. 417-423
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Innovative Management ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effective Integration

Thanks to the introduction of modern management strategies in the world, the scale of the effective integration of industry into innovative development of the industry has been expanding. Therefore, the article outlines the implementation of modern innovative management strategies, improvements in agricultural production, particularly in the production and processing of horticultural products, the supply of raw materials for the industry, their integration, and the impact of factors affecting the production process. Purpose - Development of suggestions on improving investment in the field of gardening and using them effectively. Design/methodology/approach - During the research, comparative analysis, abstract thinking, economic calculations, expert assessments, monographic observation and econometric analysis were used. Originality/value - The relevance and accuracy of the approaches and methods used in the research is determined by the fact that the statistical data is based on the data of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan and other officially published data, and the relevant conclusions.

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