scholarly journals Factors Influencing Vehicle Operating Costs of Haulage Firms in a Developing Country

2020 ◽  
pp. 838-844
Author(s):  
Christopher Adesola Wojuade ◽  
Jubril Oladosu
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Fixed Asset ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Training ◽  
Significant Factors

Vehicle operating cost is the cost that haulers incur in rendering freight services. This cost is influenced by operational, economic, fixed asset, and institutional factors. Haulage firms must take the right decision on these factors to minimize the vehicle operating cost and increase their profit. This study examines the factors determining the vehicle operating costs of haulage firms in Nigeria. The data for this study was obtained through the administration of structured questionnaires randomly on 337 respondents out of 2154 staff in the 8 selected registered haulage firms having their headquarters in Lagos, Nigeria. The questionnaire was used to collect information on components of truck operation influencing vehicle operating costs. The result of the OLS multiple regression model shows that all the factors were significant and predict vehicle operating costs but to a varying extent. The coefficients of significant factors were wages (β = 0.324; p ≤ 0.01), empty running (β = 0.297; p ≤ 0.01), fleet size (β = 0.264; p ≤ 0.01), training (β = -0.201; p ≤ 0.01), weight of freight (β = 0.145; p ≤ 0.01), drivers experience (β = 0.132; p ≤ 0.01), vehicle age (β = 0.111; p ≤ 0.05), administrative fee (β = 0.100; p ≤ 0.05) and maintenance (β = 0.096; p ≤ 0.05) influence vehicle operating costs of haulage firms respectively. The study concluded that driver’s wages, empty running, fleet size, and training were important factors influencing the vehicle operating costs of the haulage firms. The study recommends useful policy decisions to improve the performance of haulage businesses in the study area.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSIS OF MECHANIZED FOREST IMPLEMENTATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilton Cesar Fiedler ◽  
Alexandre Arantes de Campos ◽  
Marcos Vinicius Winckler Caldeira ◽  
Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽  
Antônio Henrique Cordeiro Ramalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Operating Cycle ◽  
Cycle Times ◽  
Waste Removal ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Efficiency And Productivity

ABSTRACT Mechanization in forestry implantation demands high energy, time, and high operational and production costs. Thus, studies related to the influence of variables on the efficiency of these activities are essential to reduce costs and optimize operations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operational and cost performance of mechanized forest implantation operations in Eucalyptus sp. Data were collected from eucalyptus plantations located in the northern region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The analysis of operational performance determined the distribution of operating times, mechanical availability, degree of utilization, operational efficiency, and productivity of the machines. The cost analysis estimated the operating costs in forestry implantation activities. The forest planting operations were: waste removal, subsoiling, digging with fertilization, planting, chemical weeding, and covering fertilization. According to the results, planting (39.20%) and waste removal (15.99%) represented the longest operating cycle times, the shortest production times (51.48% and 53.64%), and finally the longest maintenance times (32.95% and 29%). Chemical weeding and subsoiling showed the lowest maintenance times (4.64% and 3.47%). The cover fertilization was the operation that presented the highest productivity (2.99 ha he-1), and the removal of residues had the lowest (0.97 ha he-1). The highest costs per effective hour (R$13.57 he-1) and lowest production costs (R$81.59 ha-1) occurred at planting. Subsoiling had the highest production cost (R$112.80 ha-1). The lowest operating cost was obtained in the fertilizing operation. Operating costs had the greatest weight in labor, fuel, and maintenance and repairs.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study on the Influence of Diversification on the Operating Cost of Commercial Banks

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 757-770
Author(s):  
Jing He, Ke Zou, Xinyi Cai
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Economies Of Scope ◽  
Excessive Competition ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The majority of the literature has focused on the impact of diversification on bank performance, while the research on the impact of diversification on bank costs is inadequate. Therefore, in this paper we empirically analyzed the impact of diversification on operating costs through a panel regression model, collecting the data of 47 Chinese commercial banks from 2005 to 2015. The empirical results showed that an increase in the non-interest income ratio significantly promoted a decrease in the cost–income ratio, and the robustness tests of different time intervals and different types of banks were consistent. This suggests that diversification effectively reduced the operating costs of banks by means of the sharing of information and equipment, the reduction of asset specificity, and the improvement of operation management synergy. This also indicates that excessive competition costs and the agency costs of diversification were lower. Further analysis showed that the diversification of national banks compared with local banks was more significant in reducing operating costs, and, for the national banks, the effects of economies of scope and scale were stronger. Diversified management strategies for local banks should be carefully promoted through the construction of strategic alliances, mergers and acquisitions, etc.

scholarly journals Operating cost analysis: sources and methods

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-138
Author(s):  
Nadiya Khorunzhak ◽  
Tetyana Portovaras
Keyword(s):  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Abc Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose. The aim of the article is identification of requirements and composition of sources of analysis, critical assessment of their information content, as well as emphasis on the application of a systematic approach to the analysis of operating costs and compliance of its method with these criteria. Methodology of research. The empirical research methods are used in the course of the research, in particular: analysis – in order to identify the composition of sources of analysis of operating expenses; generalization – to substantiate the classification of sources of analysis and to formulate recommendations on the choice of methods of analysis, which most fully allow to estimate the operating costs. Findings. The principles of formation of information base of the analysis of operating expenses are substantiated, which will allow to obtain high-quality information on their status and on the basis of the obtained results to predict the activity of the enterprise in the future. The study of the impact of factors on the analysis of operating expenses allowed us to distinguish sources of information into two groups: internal and external. It is determined that internal sources of data for analysis are accounting records, which are formed at enterprises, and which is considered by the authors as a source of analysis of operating expenses. External sources of information the authors consider all possible information resources of an external nature, research of the competitive environment and reporting of subjects with similar types of activity. Originality. The scheme of interconnection sources and analysis results of operations is proposed, which comprehensive utilization, will allow obtaining result analytical information on which management can optimize the cost of compliance with objectives and increase effectiveness of operations. According to modern realities, the most suitable methods of analysis are offered, which allow to adequately assessing the situation of the enterprise in the strategic plane with respect to operating expenses. Practical value. Carrying out an assessment of the operating costs of an enterprise with using various methods and tools of analysis in a complex provides obtaining unbiased data that can be effectively used for the purpose of cost optimization and increase of productivity. Key words: analysis; operating costs; cost optimization; internal sources of information; external sources of information; strategic methods; ABC analysis.

scholarly journals Rural-Urban Differences in Nursing Home Access, Quality and Cost

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yu ◽  
Garnett Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Structure Study ◽  
Cost Structure ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Cost Share ◽  
Skilled Nursing ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Services ◽  
The Cost

AbstractRural-urban differences in the supply of nursing home services are hypothesized to be jointly affected by competitive and regulatory forces, government policies, and the cost structure. Study findings indicate that rural services are slightly less accessible and lower in quality. A translog cost share function reveals no difference in the operating cost structure of rural and urban homes. Cost shares for nursing care are directly related to the degree of skilled nursing provided by homes. Significant scale economies were not detected for any of the major operating costs.

scholarly journals Simulation of the operation of a natural gas transport system based on a criterion of minimum operating cost

DYNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (211) ◽  
pp. 308-316
Author(s):  
Jaime Fernando Andrade Mahecha ◽  
Grigory Ibrahim Massy Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Transport Network ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
System Of Equations ◽  
Linear Programming Methods ◽  
Natural Gas Transport ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Minimum Operating

In this article, a simulation model of a natural gas transport network based on the minimization of its operating costs was developed. For this, a system of equations that determine these costs and the conditions that characterize it are established, to later be transformed into a system that can easily be solved by common linear programming methods. A system of equations and matrices resulting from a transport network of few elements is presented as an example. The model is applied in the simulation of the future operation of the Colombian natural gas transport network to project the cost of its operation, section flows, its associated tariffs, and shortage level. Finally, the conclusions derive possible use applications of this model for the analysis of natural gas transport networks and other energy systems.

scholarly journals DO WORK ENVIRONMENT, INDIVIDUAL FACTOR AND TRAINING PROCESS INFLUENCE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING PROGRAM FOR HUMAN RESOURCE IN THE HOTEL SECTOR?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 50-64
Author(s):  
Nurhazani Mohd Shariff ◽  
Azlan Zainol Abidin ◽  
Asif Zamri Zainol ◽  
Johan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Hotel Sector ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
And Training ◽  
Significant Factors

As a service-oriented industry, human resource plays a vital role in the hotel sector. Hotels need to provide efficient training to guarantee the human resource performs quality work which satisfies the customers. To improve training among employees and prevent changes in employees’ behaviour, the hotel sector needs to acknowledge the factors that impact the training effectiveness. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of work environment, individual factors, and training process on the effectiveness of human resource training programs in the hotel sector. Using The Datai Langkawi is a highly well-known resort in Malaysia, the study surveyed 45 employees who have attended the training program by distributing a questionnaire which is adopted and adapted from the Kirkpatrick and Kirkpatrick (2007) four levels of the evaluation training model. Three major hypotheses are developed and tested using regression analysis. The study indicates that all three factors significantly influenced the effectiveness of the training program in the hotel sector. Four variables in the work environment are found to be significant factors that influenced the effectiveness of the training program which are social support, opportunity to perform, reward system, and organizational culture. Similarly, the three variables in the individual factor which are ability, attitude, and motivation also derived as significant factors influencing the effectiveness of the training program. However, it is noted in the study that only training design derived as a significant factor influenced the effectiveness of the training program whilst training needs to be shown insignificant result as a factor influencing the effectiveness of training program in the hotel sector. The findings of the study, in conclusion, shows the importance for the hotel management to take into account the significant factors influencing the training program as they may lead as a motivator to the human resources of the hotel sector in performing their tasks.

Bus Rapid Transit and Light Rail

2005 ◽  
Vol 1927 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bruun
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Universal Coverage ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Bus Rapid Transit ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Rapid Transit ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Fleet Size

A parametric cost model was developed to provide both average and marginal cost estimates and to compare annual operating costs for light rail transit (LRT) and bus rapid transit (BRT) under an assumption of additional peak service on weekdays. The model uses readily available data from the U.S. National Transit Database. For illustrative purposes, it is applied to a hypothetical service network simulating universal coverage of a medium-sized metropolitan area with either LRT or BRT operating on trunk lines. The Dallas [Texas] Area Rapid Transit agency is selected for a computational example because it has representative, contemporary performance statistics for both LRT and bus. High and low operating cost estimates based on articulated buses were used for BRT because of a lack of an operational history. For an agency with a similar cost structure to the Dallas agency, both BRT and LRT have lower operating costs on a per space kilometer basis during base periods than do regular buses. Both LRT and the lower BRT cost estimates are comparable for adding service during peak periods. With the higher cost estimate, peak BRT costs 24% more than LRT. For trunk line capacities below about 1,600 spaces per hour, the headway-versus-cost trade-off favors BRT. Above 2,000 spaces per hour, BRT headways become so short that traffic signal priority may not be effective and revenue speed may decrease. The marginal cost of adding off-peak BRT service is substantially less than the average cost of regular buses, and the cost of LRT is even less. Peak fleet size seems to be an important driver of costs. Research methods to verify this are suggested.

scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING EMPLOYEE GREEN BEHAVIOUR - AN INVESTIGATIVE STUDY ON RASHTRIYA ISPAT NIGAM LTD., VISAKHAPATNAM, A.P

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Dr. V. Tulasi Das ◽  
Smt. A. Sreelakshmi
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Training Motivation ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Responsible Behaviour ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
And Training

In order to help offset continuing environmental degradation in the 21st century, humans will have to significantly alter their habits (Howard, 2000; Oskamp, 2000; Winter, 2000). These altered habits cannot consist of merely doing the right thing every now and then; rather, they must be consistent, persistent efforts to move away from inherently wasteful and damaging behaviours and to move towards conservation-oriented or environmentally responsible behaviours (ERB). This environmentally responsible behaviour requires continuous motivation and training. This rigorous motivation and training to whole society cannot be provided by the government alone. But this can be implemented by the organisations to enhance organisational culture and societal wellbeing. In this context current article investigates the factors influencing employee green behaviour in Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Ltd. KEYWORDS: Environmentally Responsible Behaviour, Employee Green Behaviour, Pollution, Recycling, Training, Motivation.

scholarly journals BUDGET REGULATION OF THE ECONOMY OF THE CHECHEN REPUBLIC: DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON REGRESSION ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
М. Х. Газалапова ◽  
Л. А. Мусаев
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Separate Region ◽  
The Right ◽  
Significant Factors

Статистический анализ для оценки бюджетного регулирования используется все чаще. Этот анализ позволяет провести диагностику бюджетного регулирования, в том числе и в отдельно взятом регионе для выявления более значимых факторов влияния на такое регулирование. Диагностика бюджетного регулирования предоставит возможность выбора правильного направления реформирования как отдельного региона, так и органов местного самоуправления. Оказываемая финансовая помощь содержит в себе как выделение дотаций, так и субвенций, направляемых на покрытие расходов, в частности на здравоохранение, рассчитанных на одного жителя. В статье проведен корреляционно-регрессионный анализ для диагностики бюджетного регулирования экономики Чеченской Республики. Для его проведения использованы такие факторы, как: размер дефицита бюджета ЧР; численность населения ЧР; уровень бюджетной обеспеченности ЧР. Statistical analysis is being used more and more often to assess budget regulation. This analysis makes it possible to diagnose budget regulation, including in a particular region, in order to identify more significant factors influencing such regulation. Diagnostics of budget regulation will provide an opportunity to choose the right direction of reform, both for a separate region and for local self-government bodies.The financial assistance provided includes both the allocation of subsidies and subventions aimed at covering expenses, in particular for healthcare, designed for one resident.The article presents a correlation and regression analysis for the diagnosis of budget regulation of the economy of the Chechen Republic. For its implementation, such factors as: the size of the budget deficit of the Chechen Republic; the population of the Chechen Republic; the level of budget security of the Chechen Republic were used.

scholarly journals Cost Economies for an Airline: An Analysis of Airlines’ Operating Costs

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1856-1859
Author(s):  
Harendra Nishantha Kariyawasam
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Profit Margins ◽  
Cost Structures ◽  
Low Cost Carriers ◽  
Average Operating ◽  
The Cost

This study focuses on analyzing the variables affecting the average operating cost per aircraft movement. Since airlines around the world are operated on thin profit margins and with increasing competition from Low Cost Carriers it will be important for an airline to get a complete understanding about their operating cost structure. The aim of this study is to suggest an airline of actions to reduce their operating cost and will differentiate the cost structures of Low Cost Carriers and Full Service Carriers. This study was conducted for 20 airlines which were operating in Asia Pacific region. Published financial and statistical data were used for analysis and a parametric approach was used. The results of this study do not suggest economies of scale for the airline, which is to have higher number of aircraft to reduce cost.

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