scholarly journals THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF RED BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L.) AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS INDUCED BY HIGH FAT AND FRUCTOSE DIET

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
Dianandha Septiana Rubi ◽  
Abrory Agus Cahya Pramana ◽  
Sunarti Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Gene Expressions

Background: One of consequence high-fat and fructose diet is oxidative stress. Consumption of antioxidants from red beetroot may increase antioxidant defense.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate red beetroot administration on improving antioxidant defense in rats induced high fat and fructose diet.Methods: A total 20 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) normal control group (N), received standard diet; 2) High fat and fructose diet (HF), received high fat and fructose diet (HFFD); 8 weeks induction with HFFD and received 9g red beetroot (BA); and combination of HFFD and 9g of red beetroot from beginning of the study (HFBA). At the end of the study the levels of circulatory oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) gene expressions were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method.Results: Induction HFFD increased the levels of circulatory ox-LDL levels compared to normal control (10.00±0.29 vs 12.69±0.57). Administration of red beetroot for 6 weeks and combination HFFD with red beetroot during the study significantly decreased ox-LDL levels compared to high fat and fructose group (12.69±0.57 vs 9.66±0.46) and (12.69±0.57 vs 8.59±0.18), respectively. The decreased circulatory ox-LDL levels were found negatively correlated with upregulation SOD2 (r=-0.548; P=0.012) and CAT (r=-0.460; P=0.041) gene expression in the liver tissues.Conclusion: Administration of red beetroot may ameliorate oxidative stress in rats induced high-fat and fructose diet through increasing antioxidant defense. 

scholarly journals Dietary Fresh and Boiled Mangkokan Leaves (Nothopanax Scutellarius) Normalized Body Weight, Serum Lipid Profile and Malondialdehyde in Metabolic Syndrome Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-902
Author(s):  
Devi Elvina Rachma ◽  
Retno Murwani ◽  
Achmad Zulfa Juniarto
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
High Fructose

The antioxidant activity of Nothopanax scutellarius (Burm. f.) Merr, an edible plant, can prevent oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, our research aimed to study the effect of dietary inclusion of fresh or boiled N. scutellarius on body weight and biochemical markers of Wistar rats with MetS. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups, i.e., normal control group, high-fat-high-fructose diet (HFFD) group, fresh N. scutellarius (FNs) group, and boiled N. scutellarius (BNs) group. The normal control group was fed only a standard diet during the entire experiment. High-fat and high-fructose (HFHFr) diet accompanied with 20% fructose in drinking water to induce MetS was given to the HFFD, FNs, and BNs groups for 29 days. This was followed by a 29-day intervention diet in which standard normal diet, fresh N. scutellarius-containing standard diet, and boiled N. scutellarius-containing standard diet were given to the HFFD, FNs, and BNs groups, respectively. HFHFr diet significantly (p<0.05) raised fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and significantly (p<0.05) reduced HDL-cholesterol. After 29 days on the intervention diet, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol levels were found to decrease, and HDL-cholesterol levels were found to increase significantly (p<0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that dietary intake of N. scutellarius for 29 days can improve MetS components, i.e., FBG, serum lipid profile, and MDA, similar to those seen in rats on a normal control diet.

scholarly journals Effects of sesame oil on learning and memory impairment and biomarkers of oxidative stress in rats with a long-term high-fat diet consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Rustaei ◽  
Reihaneh Sadeghian ◽  
Iraj Salehi ◽  
Abdolrahman Sarihi ◽  
Siamak Shahidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sesame Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Positive Effects

Abstract Nowadays, high-fat foods are eaten in most societies, which causes memory impairment and anxiety through the oxidative stress pathway. Sesame oil (SO) has potential antioxidant properties. Therefore, the effects of sesame oil on memory impairment and anxiety caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) in male rats were investigated. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into eight groups (n = 10): control (standard diet; SD), the HFD, SD + SO (0.5, 1, or 2 ml/kg; once/day, gavage), and HFD + SO (0.5, 1, or 2 ml/kg; once/day, gavage) groups. All diets were given to the animals for three months. Finally, behavioral and oxidative stress parameters were measured. The step-through latency of retention test in SD + SO (0.5 or 1 ml/kg) groups increased more than the control group. Also, the Barnes test on training days revealed that the latency time to find the target hole increased in the HFD group compared with the control group. Moreover, the time spent on the open arms in the SD + SO (0.5 ml/kg) group improved remarkably than the control group. Total oxidant (TOS) level in the HFD + SO (0.5, 1, and 2 ml/kg) groups was lower than the HFD group. The level of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the SD + SO (2 ml/kg) group was higher than the SD + SO (0.5 ml/kg) group and the amount of thiol in the HFD group decreased compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the positive effects of SO on memory and anxiety are probably due to its antioxidant properties and the elimination of free radicals.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress gene expression profile in inbred mouse after ischemia/reperfusion small bowel injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 773-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Bertoletto ◽  
Adauto Tsutomu Ikejiri ◽  
Frederico Somaio Neto ◽  
José Carlos Chaves ◽  
Roberto Teruya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Significant Expression

PURPOSE: To determine the profile of gene expressions associated with oxidative stress and thereby contribute to establish parameters about the role of enzyme clusters related to the ischemia/reperfusion intestinal injury. METHODS: Twelve male inbred mice (C57BL/6) were randomly assigned: Control Group (CG) submitted to anesthesia, laparotomy and observed by 120min; Ischemia/reperfusion Group (IRG) submitted to anesthesia, laparotomy, 60min of small bowel ischemia and 60min of reperfusion. A pool of six samples was submitted to the qPCR-RT protocol (six clusters) for mouse oxidative stress and antioxidant defense pathways. RESULTS: On the 84 genes investigated, 64 (76.2%) had statistic significant expression and 20 (23.8%) showed no statistical difference to the control group. From these 64 significantly expressed genes, 60 (93.7%) were up-regulated and 04 (6.3%) were down-regulated. From the group with no statistical significantly expression, 12 genes were up-regulated and 8 genes were down-regulated. Surprisingly, 37 (44.04%) showed a higher than threefold up-regulation and then arbitrarily the values was considered as a very significant. Thus, 37 genes (44.04%) were expressed very significantly up-regulated. The remained 47 (55.9%) genes were up-regulated less than three folds (35 genes - 41.6%) or down-regulated less than three folds (12 genes - 14.3%). CONCLUSION: The intestinal ischemia and reperfusion promote a global hyper-expression profile of six different clusters genes related to antioxidant defense and oxidative stress.

Swimming training combined with chitosan supplementation reduces the development of obesity and oxidative stress in high fat diet fed mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Zahra Zalaqi ◽  
Farshad Ghazalian ◽  
Mohammad Javad Khodayar ◽  
Atefeh Raesi Vanani ◽  
Layasadat Khorsandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Swimming Training ◽  
Fat Diets

Abstract Obesity is often introduced as one of the metabolic disorders caused by imbalance between energy consumption and metabolisable energy intake. Experts in the field considered obesity as one of the robust risk factors for the life-style associated diseases. The present research examined interventional effects of marine chitosan (CS), swimming training (ST) and combination of CS and ST (CS+ST) in the mice fed with high fat diets (HFD). In this study, sample size was considered more than 3 in groups. Forty mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 per group) including control group (received the standard diet), HFD group (received high fat food with 20% fat), HFD+CS group (treated with high fat food with 5% CS), HFD+ST group (treated with high fat diet and ST) and HFD+CS+ST group (treated with high fat food with 5% CS & ST). After 8 weeks the blood glucose, oxidative stress (OS), and lipid profile were measured. Results showed more efficiency of CS+ST in the control of body weight with the increased concentration of HDL-C, OS inhibition via enhancing the body antioxidant capacity in comparison to the ST or CS alone in obese mice. Moreover, lipid profile was improved in CS + ST-treated mice compared with HFD-treated mice, and OS inhibition correlated to the greater activities of the antioxidant enzyme, enhance the lipid oxidation, cholesterol and fatty acid homeostasis. The results suggested that a dietary intervention with a combined ST and CS can be a feasible supplementary for human prevention of obesity.

Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cat Gene ◽  
Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals Exploratory field study on the effects of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) sow vaccination at different physiological stages mimicking blanket vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Pleguezuelos ◽  
Marina Sibila ◽  
Raúl Cuadrado ◽  
Rosa López-Jiménez ◽  
Diego Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 2

Abstract Background The objective of the present study was to explore the benefits of Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) blanket vaccination in a sow herd on productive parameters, PCV-2 infection and immune status in sows and their progeny. For this purpose, 288 sows were distributed among four balanced experimental groups. One group remained as negative control group and the other three received 1 mL of PCV-2 Ingelvac Circoflex® intramuscularly at different productive cycle moments: before mating, mid gestation (42–49 days post-insemination) or late gestation (86–93 days post-insemination); phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was used as negative control item. Reproductive parameters from sows during gestation and body weight of their progeny from birth to weaning were recorded. Additionally, blood was collected from sows at each vaccination time and piglets at 3 weeks of age. Moreover, up to 4 placental umbilical cords (PUC) per sow were taken at peri-partum. Sera from sows and piglets were analysed for PCV-2 antibody detection using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from sows and PUC were tested to quantify viraemia using a real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Results Globally, results indicated that vaccinated sows showed heavier piglets at birth and at weaning, less cross-fostered piglets, lower viral load at farrowing as well as in PUC, and higher antibody levels at farrowing, compared to non-vaccinated ones. When all groups were compared among them, sows vaccinated at mid or late gestation had heavier piglets at birth than non-vaccinated sows, and lower proportion of PCV-2 positive PUC. Also, cross-fostering was less frequently practiced in sows vaccinated at pre-mating or mid gestation compared to non-vaccinated ones. Conclusions In conclusion, the present study points out that PCV-2 sow vaccination at different time points of their physiological status (mimicking blanket vaccination) offers benefits at production and serological and virological levels.

scholarly journals High-fat diet-induced obesity and impairment of brain neurotransmitter pool

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Ranyah Shaker M. Labban ◽  
Hanan Alfawaz ◽  
Ahmed T. Almnaizel ◽  
Wail M. Hassan ◽  
Ramesa Shafi Bhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Brain Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brain Neurotransmitter ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lean Group

AbstractObesity and the brain are linked since the brain can control the weight of the body through its neurotransmitters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain functioning through the measurement of brain glutamate, dopamine, and serotonin metabolic pools. In the present study, two groups of rats served as subjects. Group 1 was fed a normal diet and named as the lean group. Group 2 was fed an HFD for 4 weeks and named as the obese group. Markers of oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, glutathione-s-transferase, and vitamin C), inflammatory cytokines (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-12), and leptin along with a lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels) were measured in the serum. Neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and glutamate were measured in brain tissue. Fecal samples were collected for observing changes in gut flora. In brain tissue, significantly high levels of dopamine and glutamate as well as significantly low levels of serotonin were found in the obese group compared to those in the lean group (P > 0.001) and were discussed in relation to the biochemical profile in the serum. It was also noted that the HFD affected bacterial gut composition in comparison to the control group with gram-positive cocci dominance in the control group compared to obese. The results of the present study confirm that obesity is linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemic processes, and altered brain neurotransmitter levels that can cause obesity-related neuropsychiatric complications.

Increased oxidative stress and plasma Hsp70 levels among gasoline filling station attendants

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Xia ◽  
Kangcheng Chen ◽  
Yingnan Lv ◽  
Damin Huang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gasoline Station ◽  
Filling Station ◽  
Exposed Workers

Objectives: Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) is an organic derivative of manganese (Mn) and is used as an antiknock agent and octane enhancer in gasoline. In this article, we tested the oxidative stress and heat stress protein (Hsp) 70 levels of gasoline station attendants to explore potential plasma biomarkers. Furthermore, the dose–response relationship was also identified. Methods: A total of 144 workers, including 96 petrol fillers and 48 cashiers, participated in the study. Ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) and Mn were monitored at nine filling stations. During the measuring process, the individual cumulative exposure index was calculated. Plasma oxidative stress and Hsp70 levels were also analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The BTEX time-weighted average in office areas was significantly lower than in refuelling areas ( p < 0.05). In refuelling areas, the content of Mn ranged from 6.44 μg/m3 to 127.34 μg/m3, which was much higher than that in office areas (3.16–7.22 μg/m3; p < 0.05). Exposed workers had significantly different plasma oxidative stress indicators compared with the control group, respectively: superoxide dismutase (SOD), 39.18 ± 6.05 U/mL versus 52.84 ± 3.87 U/mL; glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), 186.07 ± 15.63 U versus 194.38 ± 10.42 U; and malondialdehyde (MDA), 1.68 ± 0.52 nmol/L versus 1.43 ± 0.64 nmol/L (in all comparisons, p < 0.05). Plasma Hsp70 level in the exposed group (2.77 ± 0.64 ng/mL) was significantly higher than in the control group (2.32 ± 0.87 ng/mL; p < 0.05). Furthermore, Hsp70 levels were inversely correlated with the activities of SOD ( r = −0.305) and GSH-Px ( r = −0.302) in the exposed group ( p < 0.05). Moreover, a positive correlation ( r = 0.653) was found between plasma Hsp70 levels and plasma MDA levels ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to MMT-containing gasoline may result in increasing reactive oxygen stress among filling station attendants. Plasma Hsp70 levels could be used as a sensitive responsive biomarker for exposed workers.

Skeletal muscle uncoupling-induced longevity in mice is linked to increased substrate metabolism and induction of the endogenous antioxidant defense system

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (5) ◽  
pp. E495-E506 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Keipert ◽  
M. Ost ◽  
A. Chadt ◽  
A. Voigt ◽  
V. Ayala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Redox Signaling ◽  
Defense System ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Substrate Metabolism ◽  
Endogenous Antioxidant

Ectopic expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in skeletal muscle (SM) mitochondria increases lifespan considerably in high-fat diet-fed UCP1 Tg mice compared with wild types (WT). To clarify the underlying mechanisms, we investigated substrate metabolism as well as oxidative stress damage and antioxidant defense in SM of low-fat- and high-fat-fed mice. Tg mice showed an increased protein expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase, markers of lipid turnover (p-ACC, FAT/CD36), and an increased SM ex vivo fatty acid oxidation. Surprisingly, UCP1 Tg mice showed elevated lipid peroxidative protein modifications with no changes in glycoxidation or direct protein oxidation. This was paralleled by an induction of catalase and superoxide dismutase activity, an increased redox signaling (MAPK signaling pathway), and increased expression of stress-protective heat shock protein 25. We conclude that increased skeletal muscle mitochondrial uncoupling in vivo does not reduce the oxidative stress status in the muscle cell. Moreover, it increases lipid metabolism and reactive lipid-derived carbonyls. This stress induction in turn increases the endogenous antioxidant defense system and redox signaling. Altogether, our data argue for an adaptive role of reactive species as essential signaling molecules for health and longevity.

Peripheral levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in youths in ultra-high risk for psychosis: a pilot study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (03) ◽  
pp. 333-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maiara Zeni-Graiff ◽  
Adiel C. Rios ◽  
Pawan K. Maurya ◽  
Lucas B. Rizzo ◽  
Sumit Sethi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Healthy Control Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Healthy Control

IntroductionOxidative stress has been documented in chronic schizophrenia and in the first episode of psychosis, but there are very little data on oxidative stress prior to the disease onset.ObjectiveThis work aimed to compare serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in young individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis with a comparison healthy control group (HC).MethodsThirteen UHR subjects and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. Clinical assessment included the Comprehensive Assessment of At-Risk Mental States (CAARMS), the Semi-Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis-I (SCID-I) or the Kiddie-SADS-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL), and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale. Activities of SOD and GPx were measured in serum by the spectrophotometric method using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits.ResultsAfter adjusting for age and years of education, there was a significant lower activity of SOD and lower GPX activity in the UHR group compared to the healthy control group (rate ratio [RR]=0.330, 95% CI 0.187; 0.584, p&lt;0.001 and RR=0.509, 95% CI 0.323; 0.803, p=0.004, respectively). There were also positive correlations between GAF functioning scores and GPx and SOD activities.ConclusionOur results suggest that oxidative imbalances could be present prior to the onset of full-blown psychosis, including in at-risk stages. Future studies should replicate and expand these results.

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