Factors Influencing the Diffusion of Battery Electric Vehicles in Urban Areas

Road Map ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Purchasing a battery electric vehicle is a type of pro-environmental behavior but the impact of such behavior on the environment becomes significant and beneficial only if a large number of individuals buy it. Therefore, getting battery electric vehicles diffused in a social system is a critical task which needs a special attention from consumers as well as governments and suppliers. This thesis aims to find out all factors influencing the rate of adoption of a battery electric vehicle by using the main constructs and important concepts of theory of diffusion of innovations proposed by Rogers (1962). The results indicate that seven factors influence the rate of adoption of a battery electric vehicle including social pressure, social prestige, usefulness for environment, difficultly of use, price, perceived risk, and knowledge and information about battery electric vehicles. Based on these factors, a road map and a set of policies to accelerate the rate of adoption of battery electric vehicles were proposed.

Factors Influencing the Diffusion of Battery Electric Vehicles in Urban Areas

10.32920/ryerson.14648433.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Morteza Mashayekhi

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Diffusion Of Innovations ◽

Road Map ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Joint Optimal Policy for Subsidy on Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure Construction in Highway Network

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11092479 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2479 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yue Wang ◽

Zhong Liu ◽

Jianmai Shi ◽

Guohua Wu ◽

Rui Wang

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Optimal Policy ◽

Practical Case ◽

Endurance Range ◽

Highway Network ◽

Charging Stations ◽

The promotion of the battery electric vehicle has become a worldwide problem for governments due to its short endurance range and slow charging rate. Besides an appropriate network of charging facilities, a subsidy has proved to be an effective way to increase the market share of battery electric vehicles. In this paper, we investigate the joint optimal policy for a subsidy on electric vehicles and infrastructure construction in a highway network, where the impact of siting and sizing of fast charging stations and the impact of subsidy on the potential electric vehicle flows is considered. A new specified local search (LS)-based algorithm is developed to maximize the overall number of available battery electric vehicles in the network, which can get provide better solutions in most situations when compared with existed algorithms. Moreover, we firstly combined the existing algorithms to establish a multi-stage optimization method, which can obtain better solutions than all existed algorithms. A practical case from the highway network in Hunan, China, is studied to analyze the factors that impact the choice of subsidy and the deployment of charging stations. The results prove that the joint policy for subsidy and infrastructure construction can be effectively improved with the optimization model and the algorithms we developed. The managerial analysis indicates that the improvement on the capacity of charging facility can increase the proportion of construction fees in the total budget, while the improvement in the endurance range of battery electric vehicles is more efficient in expanding battery electric vehicle adoption in the highway network. A more detailed formulation of the battery electric vehicle flow demand and equilibrium situation will be studied in the future.

Criticality Assessment of the Life Cycle of Passenger Vehicles Produced in China

Circular Economy and Sustainability ◽

10.1007/s43615-021-00012-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xin Sun ◽

Vanessa Bach ◽

Matthias Finkbeiner ◽

Jianxin Yang

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Internal Combustion Engine ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Environmental Impacts ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Criticality Assessment

AbstractChina is globally the largest and a rapidly growing market for electric vehicles. The aim of the paper is to determine challenges related to criticality and environmental impacts of battery electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles, focusing not only on a global but also the Chinese perspective, applying the ESSENZ method, which covers a unique approach to determine criticality aspects as well as integrating life cycle assessment results. Real industry data for vehicles and batteries produced in China was collected. Further, for the criticality assessment, Chinese import patterns are analyzed. The results show that the battery electric vehicle has similar and partly increased environmental impacts compared with the internal combustion engine vehicle. For both, the vehicle cycle contributes to a large proportion in all the environmental impact categories except for global warming. Further, battery electric vehicles show a higher criticality than internal combustion engine vehicles, with tantalum, lithium, and cobalt playing essential roles. In addition, the Chinese-specific results show a lower criticality compared to the global assessment for the considered categories trade barriers and political stability, while again tantalum crude oil and cobalt have high potential supply disruptions. Concluding, battery electric vehicles still face challenges regarding their environmental as well as criticality performance from the whole supply chain both in China and worldwide. One reason is the replacement of the lithium-ion power battery. By enhancing its quality and establishing battery recycling, the impacts of battery electric vehicle would decrease.

What Increases Consumers’ Purchase Intention of Battery Electric Vehicles from Chinese Electric Vehicle Start-Ups?Taking NIO as an Example

World Electric Vehicle Journal ◽

10.3390/wevj12020071 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Qianling Jiang ◽

Wei Wei ◽

Xin Guan ◽

Dexin Yang

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Purchase Intention ◽

Brand Image ◽

Brand Identity ◽

Brand Awareness ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Start Ups

As environmental and energy issues are becoming more and more serious, China has seen the birth of a number of electric vehicle start-ups (EVSUs). Although there has been a dozen or so studies about consumers’ purchase intention of battery electric vehicles, few of them were about electric vehicle start-ups. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the factors that influence consumers’ purchase intention of electric vehicles from Chinese electric vehicle start-ups (CEVSUs). This study establishes a theoretical model of the factors that influence consumers’ purchase intentions of electric vehicles from CEVSUs through brand identity, brand image, brand awareness, and perceived risk. The analysis results of 332 valid questionnaires show that the factors that affect consumers’ purchase intention of electric vehicles from CEVSUs include brand identity, brand image, and perceived risk. Brand image will be affected by brand recognition, brand awareness, and perceived risk. The perceived risk will be affected by brand awareness and brand identity. Brand awareness will be affected by brand identity, but brand awareness will not directly affect purchase decisions. The conclusions of this study can be used as a reference for the government, consumers, or practitioners in the electric vehicle industry to promote the sales of electric vehicles to achieve low-carbon transportation, and also to help Chinese start up brands to take a larger share of the domestic market.

Optimized Strategic Planning of Future Norwegian Low-Voltage Networks with a Genetic Algorithm Applying Empirical Electric Vehicle Charging Data

Electricity ◽

10.3390/electricity2010006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 91-109

Author(s):

Julian Wruk ◽

Kevin Cibis ◽

Matthias Resch ◽

Hanne Sæle ◽

Markus Zdrallek

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Network Planning ◽

Voltage Regulation ◽

Electric Vehicle Charging ◽

Vehicle Charging ◽

This article outlines methods to facilitate the assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution networks at planning stage and applies them to a case study. As network planning is becoming a more complex task, an approach to automated network planning that yields the optimal reinforcement strategy is outlined. Different reinforcement measures are weighted against each other in terms of technical feasibility and costs by applying a genetic algorithm. Traditional reinforcements as well as novel solutions including voltage regulation are considered. To account for electric vehicle charging, a method to determine the uptake in equivalent load is presented. For this, measured data of households and statistical data of electric vehicles are combined in a stochastic analysis to determine the simultaneity factors of household load including electric vehicle charging. The developed methods are applied to an exemplary case study with Norwegian low-voltage networks. Different penetration rates of electric vehicles on a development path until 2040 are considered.

Shared Autonomous Vehicle System Design for Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) and Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

10.1115/detc2021-67734 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ungki Lee ◽

Sunghyun Jeon ◽

Ikjin Lee

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cell ◽

System Design ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Proton Exchange ◽

Test Bed ◽

Alternative Fuel Vehicles ◽

Total Cost ◽

Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

Abstract Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) encompassing autonomous driving technology and car-sharing service are expected to become an essential part of transportation system in the near future. Although many studies related to SAV system design and optimization have been conducted, most of them are focused on shared autonomous battery electric vehicle (SABEV) systems, which employ battery electric vehicles (BEVs) as SAVs. As fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) emerge as alternative fuel vehicles along with BEVs, the need for research on shared autonomous fuel cell electric vehicle (SAFCEV) systems employing FCEVs as SAVs is increasing. Therefore, this study newly presents a design framework of SAFCEV system by developing an SAFCEV design model based on a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) model. The test bed for SAV system design is Seoul, and optimization is conducted for SABEV and SAFCEV systems to minimize the total cost while satisfying the customer wait time constraint, and the optimization results of both systems are compared. From the results, it is verified that the SAFCEV system is feasible and the total cost of the SAFCEV system is even lower compared to the SABEV system. In addition, several observations on various operating environments of SABEV and SAFCEV systems are obtained from parametric studies.

Experimental Electric Vehicle eŠus Gen2

Journal of Middle European Construction and Design of Cars ◽

10.1515/mecdc-2016-0007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 7-12

Author(s):

Josef Břoušek ◽

Martin Bukvic ◽

Pavel Jandura

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Current Trends ◽

Design Solutions ◽

Electrical Components ◽

Vehicle Powertrain

Abstract In the introduction to the article, the conception and development of an experimental electric vehicle is described. It is followed by a description of the used mechanical and electrical components in combination with the design solutions of sub-units, such as the vehicle powertrain and traction battery. The choice of components and design solutions is evaluated here with regard to the current trends in the development of battery electric vehicles.

Factors Impacting Brand Equity of PLBs: A Study of Grocery and Household Items in Bengaluru

IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) ◽

10.21013/jmss.v9.n3.p4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

S. Shyam Prasad ◽

Shampa Nandi

Keyword(s):

Brand Equity ◽

Brand Loyalty ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Private Label ◽

Brand Awareness ◽

Store Image ◽

National Brands ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Private Label Brands ◽

In India the private label brands (PLBs) are growing at a faster pace than retail. This supposes that PLBs should have brand equity. Although brand equity is one of the most important aspects of a brand in creating competitive advantage, earlier studies have not paid much attention to measuring and conceptualising the factors influencing the brand equity of private label brands. Many researches have looked into the consumer based brand equity (CBBE) of national brands only and hence this study was taken up to examine the dimensions of consumer based brand equity for private label brands including the impact of store image on brand equity.An empirical study was done considering survey instrument from previous study of Girard et al. (2017). The data was collected during December 2016 – January 2017 and SPSS and AMOS were used for analysing data.This study found that <strong>Brand Awareness, Brand Loyalty, Perceived Image, Perceived Value, Perceived Risk, Store Image and Price</strong> are the seven dimensions that build into the brand equity of the private label brands.

Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

Vehicles ◽

10.3390/vehicles3040051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 851-871

Author(s):

Jonathan Wellings ◽

David Greenwood ◽

Stuart R. Coles

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Raw Materials ◽

New Technology ◽

Vast Number ◽

Wide Range ◽

Key Issues ◽

The Impact ◽

Vehicle Market

The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined.

The impact of global trends on the electric vehicle market in Russia: Challenges, opportunities and directions of development

National Interests Priorities and Security ◽

10.24891/ni.17.5.913 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 913-939

Author(s):

Tat'yana S. REMIZOVA ◽

Dmitrii B. KOSHELEV

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Economic Security ◽

Vehicle Development ◽

Global Trends ◽

Electric Cars ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Subject. The article reviews various transport electrification scenarios, which would help reduce the CO2 emissions and environmental threats. The environmental and economic security can also be affected if the State insufficiently understands the importance of electric vehicle development, their popularization. It is also crucial to encourage the consumption, develop the infrastructure, innovative projects, which reshape the power engineering structure. Objectives. We determine how global trends influence the production and integration of electric vehicles in Russia. We also evaluate the environmental and cost effectiveness of morot vehicle electrification, opportunities and trajectories for the electric vehicle development nationwide. Methods. The study involves methods used to summarize regulatory, empirical and theoretical data, and general and partial scientific methods and techniques, such as abstraction, analysis, analogy, etc. Results. The article shows the extent of electric transport development worldwide, and focuses on environmental issues and opportunities to reduce the carbon footprint by using electric vehicles and renewable energy sources. We point out opportunities, threats, prospects and disadvantages of the electric vehicle use in Russia. The article indicates how the use of electric cars can be developed in Russia, considering changes in the production structure and the generation of positive effects as much as possible. Conclusions. Currently, Russia evidently lags behind the global production and use of electric cars, without having a priority of the carbon footprint reduction. The strategy for the car segment advancement is underdeveloped. Suggested herein, the ideas for the electric car segment development are aimed to encourage the consumption, production, advancement of infrastructure and innovative projects, and ensure the environmental security of the country.