Proposal of the Measurement Conditions for Hanji–Determination Folding Endurance

This study aims to optimize the measurement conditions of handmade Hanji paper to reduce the time required for measurement while meeting folding endurance standards, for various basis weights. Thirteen types were selected, including 12 types of Hanji with grammages of 17 g/m2, 30 g/m2, and 45 g/m2, and one type of 75 g/m2 copy paper, and 24 sheets were prepared in the laid and chain directions. Subsequently, folding endurance experiments at different load (14.72 N, 9.81 N, 4.91 N) and specimen width conditions (15 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm) were performed, using a 4-MIT folding endurance tester. The results showed that, for specimen widths of 15 mm and 10 mm under a load of 4.91 N, the folding endurance falls within the reference range (10∼10000 times). In particular, reduced folding endurance range and measurement time were observed at a width of 10 mm under a load of 4.91 N. Moreover, the endurance trend lines based on the average values of load and specimen width ranges enabled the prediction of the folding endurance within those ranges, according to the decreasing slope. Furthermore, for a specimen width of 15 mm under a load of 4.91 N, the folding endurance in the comparison group (35 to 17723 times) significantly exceeds the upper limit of the reference range (10∼10000 times). Therefore, the measurement conditions of 4.91 N with a specimen width of 10 mm are proposed.

Impact of Strengthening and Proprioceptive Exercises on Balance and Activities of Daily Living (ADLS) In Knee Osteoarthritis Patients from West Delhi, Indianpopulation

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA)is a chronic joint disease, primarily occurring in aged population. Rehabilitation of knee osteoarthritis aims to reduce pain and disability by strengthening, raising endurance, range of motion, proprioception and improving aerobic fitness. Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to analyse and compare the impact of strengthening and proprioceptive exercises on balance and activities of daily living in knee OAin population of west Delhi, India. Material & Methods- Thirty OA patients were enrolled from Khetarpal hospital, Delhi, after taking ethical approval and informed consent. A study was explained to subjects and data was obtained as per proforma. Age of patients ranged from 50-80 years. Diagnosis was established based on radiological examination shown in the knee joint X-ray. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS software (Version 26). Results- Patients treated with the strengthening and proprioceptive exercises showed t-value on Berg balance scale(BBS)as -16.12 and 13.15 respectively, and the parameter of Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) showed -13.21 and 13.481 respectively, were statistically significant. Conclusion-The study groups showed, both the exercises helped reduce pain and improved the balance of daily-based activities. Furthermore, both the groups showed a significant improvement in BBS and KOOS scales.

Joint Optimal Policy for Subsidy on Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure Construction in Highway Network

The promotion of the battery electric vehicle has become a worldwide problem for governments due to its short endurance range and slow charging rate. Besides an appropriate network of charging facilities, a subsidy has proved to be an effective way to increase the market share of battery electric vehicles. In this paper, we investigate the joint optimal policy for a subsidy on electric vehicles and infrastructure construction in a highway network, where the impact of siting and sizing of fast charging stations and the impact of subsidy on the potential electric vehicle flows is considered. A new specified local search (LS)-based algorithm is developed to maximize the overall number of available battery electric vehicles in the network, which can get provide better solutions in most situations when compared with existed algorithms. Moreover, we firstly combined the existing algorithms to establish a multi-stage optimization method, which can obtain better solutions than all existed algorithms. A practical case from the highway network in Hunan, China, is studied to analyze the factors that impact the choice of subsidy and the deployment of charging stations. The results prove that the joint policy for subsidy and infrastructure construction can be effectively improved with the optimization model and the algorithms we developed. The managerial analysis indicates that the improvement on the capacity of charging facility can increase the proportion of construction fees in the total budget, while the improvement in the endurance range of battery electric vehicles is more efficient in expanding battery electric vehicle adoption in the highway network. A more detailed formulation of the battery electric vehicle flow demand and equilibrium situation will be studied in the future.

FLIGHT PERFORMANCE OF VARIOUS BLENDED WING-BODY SMALL UAV DESIGNS

Currently there are four BWB designs that have been tested in the LST-1 wind tunnel at Flight Technology and Test Centre (FTTC), UiTM since 2005. The objective of this paper is to analyse their flight performance of these four BWB UAVs in terms of airspeed flight envelope, endurance, range and rate of climb as a function of the number of batteries and to determine the optimal number of batteries to be carried for 1-hour endurance mission and 3-hour endurance mission. The targeted cruising-loitering airspeed mission for all these BWBS are around 20 to 40 mph (8.9 m/s to 17.8 m/s) and they are to possess the lowest take off/landing speed and the highest maximum speed possible. This paper also seeks to find the best design of the four to explore its maximum potential in the near future where a prototype will be constructed. Unlike conventionally powered aircraft that uses fuel, which burns out thus reducing total weight of aircraft as it flies for long hours, these four BWB electric-powered vehicles carry batteries and the weight shall remain constant throughout the flight.

Structure and Properties of AMg2M Alloy Joints Made by Argon Nonconsumable – Arc Welding and Friction Stir Welding

Studied are the structural peculiarities of joints on AMg2M alloy of 2 mm thickness made by TIG and FSW. Their mechanical properties and fatigue resistance characteristics at alternating axial loads with asymmetry ratio of stress cycle Rσ = 0.1 were determined.It is determined that the welded joints failure along the base metal at tension and have ultimate strength at 170 MPa level. Restricted endurance limits of the joints, made FSW, exceed corresponding indices of the joints, made by NCAAW, for 10-15% in 105 – 2·106 fluctuation cycle endurance range and make 90-95% from the values of this index for the base metal.

Interday Reliability of Peak Muscular Power Outputs on an Isotonic Dynamometer and Assessment of Active Trunk Control Using the Chop and Lift Tests

Context: Assessment techniques used to measure functional tasks involving active trunk control are restricted to linear movements that lack the explosive movements and dynamic tasks associated with activities of daily living and sport. Reliable clinical methods used to assess the diagonal and ballistic movements about the trunk are lacking. Objective: To assess the interday reliability of peak muscular power outputs while participants performed diagonal chop and lift tests and maintained a stable trunk. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eighteen healthy individuals (10 men and 8 women; age = 32 ± 11 years, height = 168 ± 12 cm, mass = 80 ± 19 kg) from the general population participated. Intervention(s): Participants performed 2 power tests (chop, lift) using an isotonic dynamometer and 3 endurance tests (Biering-Sørensen, side-plank left, side-plank right) to assess active trunk control. Testing was performed on 3 different days separated by at least 1 week. Reliability was compared between days 1 and 2 and between days 2 and 3. Correlations between the power and endurance tests were evaluated to determine the degree of similarity. Main Outcome Measure(s): Peak muscular power outputs (watts) derived from a 1-repetition maximum protocol for the chop and lift tests were collected for both the right and left sides. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients for peak muscular power were highly reliable for the chop (range, 0.87–0.98), lift (range, 0.83–0.96), and endurance (range, 0.80–0.98) tests between test sessions. The correlations between the power assessments and the Biering-Sørensen test (r range, −0.008 to 0.017) were low. The side-plank tests were moderately correlated with the chop (r range, 0.528–0.590) and the lift (r range, 0.359–0.467) tests. Conclusions: The diagonal chop and lift power protocol generated reliable data and appears to be a dynamic test that simulates functional tasks, which require dynamic trunk control.

ATHLETIC ACTIVITIES BY CHILDREN WITH SKELETAL ABNORMALITIES

A physician's recommendations concerning athletic activity for normal, healthy children must take into account a wide range of individual differences in size, age, coordination, stage of maturation, and level of physical and mental development. However, when the child has a skeletal abnormality, the physician must also consider the broad spectrum of variations of the disorder itself. For example, a child with rheumatoid arthritis may be in acute pain with systemic symptoms, may have no evidence of activity, may have mild monarticular arthritis that terminates after two or three years, or may have every joint involved without let-up for ten years. The following principles will serve as a guide to the physician as he discusses athletic competition with the child and his parents. It is important to distinguish between participation in athletic activities and participation in competitive sports. Competition is often highly motivating and may be a means for promoting self-satisfaction and developing muscles and coordination. But, this is so only if the child is successful in his competitive efforts. If a child is condemned to constant failure because of limitations in strength, endurance, range of motion, coordination, or for any cause, participation in competitive activities can be destructive to his self-image. A child with limited ability should be guided to an appropriate level of activities with no competition or with a goal of competition against one's previous performance. A child with a serious handicap usually recognizes that he has no opportunity to succeed; however, the child with a mild handicap which keeps him from ever being first or causes him always to come in last may experience considerable frustration and discouragement.