Understanding the Future Impacts of Electric Vehicles—An Analysis of Multiple Factors That Influence the Market

The electric vehicle market is an increasingly important aspect of the automotive industry. However, as a relatively new technology, several issues remain present within the industry. An analysis is utilised to examine these issues, along with how they affect the industry and how they can be tackled. Several key issues that affect the electric vehicle market, as well as how efforts to address these issues influence the market, are identified. The analysis also includes the examination of ethical issues, with the issues that arise from the production of raw materials for electric vehicles. The analysis and examination of ethical issues display a wide range of problems in the industry. However, it did highlight the efforts being made to lessen the effect of these problems by various groups, such as regulation by EU and US governing bodies on the materials mined. From this analysis, this paper identifies that many of the other factors examined are directly or indirectly influenced by political and economic factors, also examined in this review. This highlights the impact that governing bodies and businesses have on a vast number of issues that are present within the market and how they can resolve the harmful factors examined.

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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES ON THE URBAN STRUCTURE OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF INDUSTRY 4.0

Business Strategies ◽

10.17747/2311-7184-2019-6-14-18 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 14-18

Author(s):

A. A. Kolmogorov ◽

I, I. Troshko ◽

I. V. Trifonov

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Industry 4.0 ◽

Urban Infrastructure ◽

Urban Structure ◽

Current State ◽

The Impact ◽

Vehicle Market

This study will present a study on the impact of electric vehicles on Russia’s urban infrastructure. In the course of studying this issue, the current state of the electric vehicle market, the factors contributing to its development, and the specifics of the impact of this market on Russia’s urban infrastructure will be examined.

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Electric Vehicle Market Diffusion in Main Non–European Markets

The Future European Energy System ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-60914-6_5 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 75-88

Author(s):

Katrin Seddig ◽

Patrick Jochem ◽

Wolf Fichtner

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Learning Curves ◽

Market Penetration ◽

Cost Development ◽

The Cost ◽

Market Diffusion ◽

The Impact ◽

European Markets ◽

Vehicle Market

AbstractElectric vehicles (i.e., battery and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles) are seen as one promising technology toward a sustainable transport system as they have the potential to reduce CO2 emissions. The forecast of their market penetration depends on various factors including the cost development of key components such as the electric battery. This chapter focuses on the impact of experience curves on the battery costs, and consequently on the electric vehicles’ market penetration, which is simulated by coupling two system dynamics transport models: ASTRA, representing Europe, and TE3, representing key non-European car markets. The results of the TE3 model show that the consideration of global endogenous learning curves has an impact on the battery costs and therefore, the development of the electric vehicle stock (“feedback loop”).

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Availability of Public Electric Vehicle Charging Pile and Development of Electric Vehicle: Evidence from China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12166369 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (16) ◽

pp. 6369

Author(s):

Shuping Wu ◽

Zan Yang

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

High Mobility ◽

Property Management ◽

Charging Infrastructure ◽

The Public ◽

Electric Vehicle Charging ◽

The Impact ◽

Vehicle Market ◽

Beijing China

As electric vehicles can significantly reduce the direct carbon emissions from petroleum, promoting the development of the electric vehicle market has been a new concentration for the auto industry. However, insufficient public charging infrastructure has become a significant obstacle to the further growth of electric vehicle sales. This paper estimates the impact of the availability of public charging piles on electric vehicle sales using panel regression analysis. It then investigates the barriers to the construction and operation of the public charging piles based on a field survey in 101 communities in Beijing, China. We find that insufficient public charging piles would significantly limit the sales of electric vehicles, in particular when the public charging piles are built up for specific users or in developed regions where private parking spaces are limited. It is found that the top four barriers are limited parking spaces, complicated circuit modification, unclear responsibilities for property management companies, and the objection or high mobility of existing parking space users.

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Optimized Strategic Planning of Future Norwegian Low-Voltage Networks with a Genetic Algorithm Applying Empirical Electric Vehicle Charging Data

Electricity ◽

10.3390/electricity2010006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 91-109

Author(s):

Julian Wruk ◽

Kevin Cibis ◽

Matthias Resch ◽

Hanne Sæle ◽

Markus Zdrallek

Keyword(s):

Genetic Algorithm ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Low Voltage ◽

Network Planning ◽

Voltage Regulation ◽

Electric Vehicle Charging ◽

Vehicle Charging ◽

The Impact

This article outlines methods to facilitate the assessment of the impact of electric vehicle charging on distribution networks at planning stage and applies them to a case study. As network planning is becoming a more complex task, an approach to automated network planning that yields the optimal reinforcement strategy is outlined. Different reinforcement measures are weighted against each other in terms of technical feasibility and costs by applying a genetic algorithm. Traditional reinforcements as well as novel solutions including voltage regulation are considered. To account for electric vehicle charging, a method to determine the uptake in equivalent load is presented. For this, measured data of households and statistical data of electric vehicles are combined in a stochastic analysis to determine the simultaneity factors of household load including electric vehicle charging. The developed methods are applied to an exemplary case study with Norwegian low-voltage networks. Different penetration rates of electric vehicles on a development path until 2040 are considered.

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Joint Optimal Policy for Subsidy on Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure Construction in Highway Network

Energies ◽

10.3390/en11092479 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2479 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yue Wang ◽

Zhong Liu ◽

Jianmai Shi ◽

Guohua Wu ◽

Rui Wang

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Optimal Policy ◽

Practical Case ◽

Battery Electric Vehicle ◽

Battery Electric Vehicles ◽

Endurance Range ◽

Highway Network ◽

Charging Stations ◽

The Impact

The promotion of the battery electric vehicle has become a worldwide problem for governments due to its short endurance range and slow charging rate. Besides an appropriate network of charging facilities, a subsidy has proved to be an effective way to increase the market share of battery electric vehicles. In this paper, we investigate the joint optimal policy for a subsidy on electric vehicles and infrastructure construction in a highway network, where the impact of siting and sizing of fast charging stations and the impact of subsidy on the potential electric vehicle flows is considered. A new specified local search (LS)-based algorithm is developed to maximize the overall number of available battery electric vehicles in the network, which can get provide better solutions in most situations when compared with existed algorithms. Moreover, we firstly combined the existing algorithms to establish a multi-stage optimization method, which can obtain better solutions than all existed algorithms. A practical case from the highway network in Hunan, China, is studied to analyze the factors that impact the choice of subsidy and the deployment of charging stations. The results prove that the joint policy for subsidy and infrastructure construction can be effectively improved with the optimization model and the algorithms we developed. The managerial analysis indicates that the improvement on the capacity of charging facility can increase the proportion of construction fees in the total budget, while the improvement in the endurance range of battery electric vehicles is more efficient in expanding battery electric vehicle adoption in the highway network. A more detailed formulation of the battery electric vehicle flow demand and equilibrium situation will be studied in the future.

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The impact of global trends on the electric vehicle market in Russia: Challenges, opportunities and directions of development

National Interests Priorities and Security ◽

10.24891/ni.17.5.913 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 913-939

Author(s):

Tat'yana S. REMIZOVA ◽

Dmitrii B. KOSHELEV

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Carbon Footprint ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Economic Security ◽

Vehicle Development ◽

Global Trends ◽

Electric Cars ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Impact

Subject. The article reviews various transport electrification scenarios, which would help reduce the CO2 emissions and environmental threats. The environmental and economic security can also be affected if the State insufficiently understands the importance of electric vehicle development, their popularization. It is also crucial to encourage the consumption, develop the infrastructure, innovative projects, which reshape the power engineering structure. Objectives. We determine how global trends influence the production and integration of electric vehicles in Russia. We also evaluate the environmental and cost effectiveness of morot vehicle electrification, opportunities and trajectories for the electric vehicle development nationwide. Methods. The study involves methods used to summarize regulatory, empirical and theoretical data, and general and partial scientific methods and techniques, such as abstraction, analysis, analogy, etc. Results. The article shows the extent of electric transport development worldwide, and focuses on environmental issues and opportunities to reduce the carbon footprint by using electric vehicles and renewable energy sources. We point out opportunities, threats, prospects and disadvantages of the electric vehicle use in Russia. The article indicates how the use of electric cars can be developed in Russia, considering changes in the production structure and the generation of positive effects as much as possible. Conclusions. Currently, Russia evidently lags behind the global production and use of electric cars, without having a priority of the carbon footprint reduction. The strategy for the car segment advancement is underdeveloped. Suggested herein, the ideas for the electric car segment development are aimed to encourage the consumption, production, advancement of infrastructure and innovative projects, and ensure the environmental security of the country.

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The ethical basis of intensive livestock production systems

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s175275620000627x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 266-266

Author(s):

G. Gatward

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Animal Rights ◽

Ethical Issues ◽

Production Systems ◽

Livestock Production ◽

Animal Rights Movement ◽

Ethical Implications ◽

Wide Range ◽

The 1960S ◽

The Impact

Many of the ethical issues regarding the livestock production systems of the late twentieth century have concentrated on the process of intensification. The extent of public disquiet at the welfare and ethical implications of intensification has been reflected in the burgeoning membership of animal welfare and animal rights organisations. The reasons for this increase as well as the impact that it has had on the livestock industry can be traced back to the 1960s, to factors such as the growing urbanisation of the population and especially the emergence of the animal rights movement which focused attention on a wide range of issues including the human exploitation of other animal species. This in turn led to a demarcation between those who supported the animal welfare cause and those who argued for animal rights.

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Load Management Strategies to Increase Electric Vehicle Penetration—Case Study on a Local Distribution Network in Stockholm

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13184809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4809

Author(s):

Monika Topel ◽

Josefine Grundius

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicle ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Electricity Sector ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Load Management ◽

Distribution Grid ◽

Integration Of Renewables ◽

The Impact

As part of decarbonization efforts, countries are adapting their energy policies accordingly. Sweden has established ambitious energy goals, which include CO2 emissions reduction in the transport sector and high integration of renewables in the electricity sector. Coupling the two can be an enabling force towards fossil freedom. An increased share of electric vehicles is therefore a promising solution in this regard. However, there are challenges concerning the impact that a surge of electric vehicles would have on the electric infrastructure. Moreover, in Stockholm there is a shortage of power capacity due to limitations in the national transmission infrastructure, which further aggravates the situation. This paper develops a scenario-based simulation study to evaluate the impact of electric vehicle loads on the distribution grid of a Stockholm neighborhood. In this process, limiting factors and bottlenecks in the network were identified as being related to the peak power and transformer capacities for the years of 2025 and 2031. Two load management strategies and their potential to mitigate the power peaks generated from uncontrolled charging were investigated for the critical years.

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Tackling xEV Battery Chemistry in View of Raw Material Supply Shortfalls

Frontiers in Energy Research ◽

10.3389/fenrg.2020.594857 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Duygu Karabelli ◽

Steffen Kiemel ◽

Soumya Singh ◽

Jan Koller ◽

Simone Ehrenberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

End Of Life ◽

Electric Vehicle ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Raw Material ◽

Performance Expectations ◽

Potential Market ◽

Critical Materials ◽

The Impact

The growing number of Electric Vehicles poses a serious challenge at the end-of-life for battery manufacturers and recyclers. Manufacturers need access to strategic or critical materials for the production of a battery system. Recycling of end-of-life electric vehicle batteries may ensure a constant supply of critical materials, thereby closing the material cycle in the context of a circular economy. However, the resource-use per cell and thus its chemistry is constantly changing, due to supply disruption or sharply rising costs of certain raw materials along with higher performance expectations from electric vehicle-batteries. It is vital to further explore the nickel-rich cathodes, as they promise to overcome the resource and cost problems. With this study, we aim to analyze the expected development of dominant cell chemistries of Lithium-Ion Batteries until 2030, followed by an analysis of the raw materials availability. This is accomplished with the help of research studies and additional experts’ survey which defines the scenarios to estimate the battery chemistry evolution and the effect it has on a circular economy. In our results, we will discuss the annual demand for global e-mobility by 2030 and the impact of Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt based cathode chemistries on a sustainable economy. Estimations beyond 2030 are subject to high uncertainty due to the potential market penetration of innovative technologies that are currently under research (e.g. solid-state Lithium-Ion and/or sodium-based batteries).

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